中國古籍修復之技術知識保存的個案研究

Abstract

古籍記錄人類文明的發展，成為歷史的重要見證，是人類珍貴的文化資產之一。但古籍因流傳日疏，傳本有限，如何妥善維護古籍、保存古籍，是善加利用之餘的重要課題。而其中的關鍵更在於經驗豐富、技巧嫻熟的古籍修復專家。本研究旨在探討「古籍修復技術」的保存議題，從知識保存的角度出發，利用知識保存的概念與知識保存工具，系統化保存組織古籍修復之技術知識，並探討古籍修復技術知識保存的可行性與可能成效，進而提出古籍修復技術知識保存方面的具體建議。 本研究所記錄保存之古籍修復之技術知識內涵，主要由古籍修復技巧、依損傷情形分、依修復流程分、依修復工具與材料分等四個面向切入。在古籍修復之技術知識保存的可行性方面，本研究採用之訪談法、觀察法、提問法均相當適合作為技術知識保存方法，think aloud法在實際研究上則有其限制，而錄影、錄音與文字記錄等記錄工具則為典型的技術知識保存記錄工具。與其他傳統技藝保存研究相較，本研究與其他傳統技藝保存研究相似的部分有，研究對象的選擇均具有代表性與研究價值，以具體物件與抽象物件為保存標的；而不同的部分則是本研究在隱性知識外顯化上，具體將古籍修復之技術知識萃取出來並加以外顯化。藉由本研究的研究結果與分析可知，中國古籍修復之技術知識的保存研究是可行的，且透過技術知識的組織整理與應用，可進一步分享古籍修復的技術知識。同時，本研究亦發現，研究對象配合度、研究主題相關專業用語或記錄工具穩定性等，亦是影響技術知識保存研究的重要因素。 最後，根據研究者在研究過程中對古籍修復作業的觀察與瞭解，加上技術知識保存的研究分析，提出對古籍修復作業及其技術知識保存的建議，包括調查國內古籍數量、損傷情形及現有古籍修復相關資源、撰寫古籍修復作業記錄與積極培養古籍修復人才。

The aim of this case study is to find a means of preserving the technical knowledge (including tacit knowledge) employed in repairing and restoring Chinese rare books. Two senior book conservators, Mr. Mao-sheng Lin and Mr. Ching-chung Lai, of the National Palace Museum were chosen as the research targets. From August 2005 to September 2005, almost once a week the researcher went to visit their workshop at the Museum to interview them as well as to observe and record their work procedures. The researcher employed a variety of methods to collect data, including interview, observation, questioning-and-answering, and think-aloud protocol. Particularly, the book repairing procedures were video-taped. In order to present the results in a more meaningful and useful way, the data were systematically organized with the concepts and technique of knowledge management in mind. The results show that the attempt to record and preserve the technical knowledge relating to Chinese rare book restoration is feasible. Except for the think-aloud protocol, the methods and tools that the researcher employed in this case study are basically workable. In sum, the results suggest that the technical knowledge of Chinese rare book restoration can be divided into four facets: the repairing skills, the damaged types, the restoration flow and procedures, and the restoration tools and materials. There are three suggestions are further proposed by the researcher: investigating the amount of Chinese rare book, their damaged types, and the existing book restoration resources within the country, devising a standard operation for recording the process of Chinese rare book restoration, and improving the education and training of Chinese rare book conservators.