社會資本、分享與支持行為，及組織績效-國立台灣大學學生社團之實證研究

Abstract

本論文採用問卷調查的方式，進行研究社會資本、組織成員的行為，與組織績效之間的關係。問卷發放對象為國立台灣大學14個學生社團。 本論文的研究架構是根據與社會資本及組織認同相關的文獻，所建構而成。本論文中，「社會資本」包括三個構面：社交狀況、信任程度，與組織認同。組織成員的行為，本論文稱為「分享與支持的行為」，包括知識分享行為、忠誠與參與的行為，及建議別人參與其社團的意願。在組織的績效方面，本論文採用社團知名度、社員對社團的滿意度，及社員的留團期間，來作為「社團績效」的衡量指標。 本研究根據國立台灣大學學務處課外活動指導組，歷年來所公佈的社團評鑑名單，挑選績優社團與非績優社團作為研究樣本。同時挑選績優社團與非績優社團的目的為，以資比較績優社團與非績優社團的成員，在社會資本及分享與支持的行為上，是否有差異性的存在。 本研究的分析單位為社團成員，研究發現如下： 1. 組織成員所擁有的社會資本愈高，其愈會表現出分享與支持的行為。 2. 實證結果顯示社員們的信任程度與建議別人參加其社團的意願之間，並沒有存在顯著的相關性。這表示在成員對於組織的涉入程度上， 信任程度所帶來的影響相較於組織認同所帶來的影響，有程度上的差異。也就是說，當組織成員認同他們的組織時，將會更有意願去表現更多支持其組織的行為，亦即，具有組織認同的成員對於其組織有更高的涉入程度。 3. 分享與支持的行為可以促進組織內部的團結合作與和諧的氣氛，進而增進成員們對於其組織的滿意度。然而，實證結果卻顯示分享與支持的行為，對於社團知名度及社員留團期間的解釋能力上，則較為不足。 4. 實證結果顯示績優社團的成員比起非績優社團的成員，擁有較高的社會資本，及表現較多的分享與支持的行為， 關鍵字：社會資本、組織認同、分享與支持的行為、社團績效、學生社團

This dissertation conducted a questionnaire survey in 14 student clubs of National Taiwan University to examine the relationships among social capital, behaviors of organizational members, and organizational performance. The research framework is based on the theoretical foundations of existing literatures on social capital and organizational identification. The construct of social capital in this dissertation includes three dimensions: social interactions, trust & trustworthiness, and organizational identification. The behaviors of organizational members, which are called as sharing & supporting behaviors, include knowledge sharing behavior, behavior of loyalty & participation, and willingness of advising others to join the club. This research employed club popularity, members’ satisfaction with the club, and members’ duration of staying in the club to indicate club performance. This research selected two types of student clubs: well-performing and non-well-performing clubs as our research samples based on the winning lists of the club evaluation published by the Office of Extracurricular Activities Section in National Taiwan University. The purpose of considering these two types of clubs is to compare the social capital and sharing & supporting behaviors between well-performing and non-well-performing clubs. The unit of analysis of this research is the individual member of student clubs in National Taiwan University. The findings of this research are listed as follows. 1. The higher the level of social capital among organizational members, the more the extent organizational members are engaged in sharing and supporting behaviors. 2. The empirical results showed that there exist insignificant relationship between trust & trustworthiness and willingness of advising others to join the club; this manifests that the level of members’ involvement in the organization with regard to trust & trustworthiness is different from that with regard to organizational identification. Organizational members who identify with their organization would be more willing to behave in a more supportive manner for their organization. That is, organizational members with organizational identification have higher involvement in the organization. 3. Sharing & supporting behaviors result in cooperative, united, and harmonious climate in an organization; this contributes to members’ satisfaction with the organization. However, the empirical results showed that sharing & supporting behaviors have lower explanatory power in club popularity, and members’ duration of staying in the club than in members’ satisfaction with the organization. 4. The empirical results showed that members in well-performing clubs are possessed of higher level of social capital and higher level of sharing & supporting behaviors than those members in non-well-performing clubs. Key words: Social capital; Organizational identification; Sharing & supporting behaviors; Club performance; Student clubs