請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/34193
標題: | 搞關係,玩面子:政治記者化解與消息來源衝突的策略 Guanxi and facework: Political reporters' conflict resolution strategies against sources. |
作者: | Yen-Shyang Hwang 黃彥翔 |
指導教授: | 谷玲玲 |
關鍵字: | 記者,消息來源,關係主義,面子功夫,衝突化解, Reporter,source,guanxi,face-work,conflict resolution, |
出版年 : | 2006 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 記者與消息來源之間,隨時都可能出現緊張或是衝突。衝突並不是互動雙方所樂見,過去研究指出,記者為此必須採取諸多採訪與寫作策略,以延續自己的新聞工作。然而過去的研究在討論種種策略時,其系統性與理論性不足,也沒有處理在華人文化中「人際關係」的特殊性。
本文採用華人關係主義的衝突化解模式來分析記者與消息來源的關係,以彌補既有研究的不足。在關係主義的文化裡,個人和他人互動時,都會先進行「關係判斷」,也就是要看對方和自己的關係為何,然後再決定要用什麼樣的方式與其互動。而關係主義的衝突化解模式將人際關係區分為「縱向內團體」、「橫向內團體」與「橫向外團體」,個人在不同的關係類型中,因應衝突的行動也會不同。 本研究發現,在記者與消息來源的互動中,雖然傳統上認為記者應該中立客觀,但他們在不同的人際關係中依然有不同的行為模式。在可能出現衝突的情境中,若雙方關係為「縱向內團體」,則記者為了保持和諧,會傾向「忍讓」,並且顧對方的面子。若要達成個人目標,完成新聞工作,便會「陽奉陰違」。如果要修補關係,則是透過「迂迴溝通」的方式。在橫向內團體中,保持和諧的方式是雙方互相給對方面子,做出妥協。由於在橫向關係中,雙方權力沒有太大差異,因此記者若要達成自己目標,也有較大空間,和對方明爭暗鬥;發生衝突時,則直接溝通,尋求化解。至於在橫性外團體中,平常大家會「敷衍面子」,一團和氣,但若要達成目標,則可能出現對抗,與對方斷裂。第三人出面調解,則是常見的解決方式。 記者也是「人」,但記者用以處理衝突關係的各種策略,很可能違背傳統上認為的新聞專業倫理。本文用華人關係主義的角度研究記者與消息來源的互動,能夠更貼近真實,這是未來在探討新聞專業倫理時必須思考的面向。 Tension and conflict have always existed in the relationships between reporters and sources. According to previous studies, reporters must adopt certain strategies to avoid conflicts in order to stay on the news beat. However, conflict resolving strategies have yet to be studied systematically, and those researchers didn’t put much emphasis on “Guanxi,” which is one of the most intriguing elements of interpersonal interaction in Chinese society. The Chinese Conflict Resolution Model is used to analyze the interaction between reporters and sources in this thesis. In the Guanxi-based society, one will judge his guanxi with others and find an appropriate way to interact with people in certain guanxi. According to Chinese Conflict Resolution Model, human relations can be categorized into vertical in-group, horizontal in-group and horizontal out-group. In the three categories, people take different actions to interact with others. In the vertical in-group, the reporter tends to endure so as to take care of source’s face. If he wants to complete his personal goal, he will “obey publicly and defy privately” toward the source. Indirect communication is needed if he wants to coordinate with the source. In the horizontal in-group, they mutually give face to one another to avoid conflict. Compromise doesn’t guarantee peace all the time; they could fight overtly and struggle covertly to attain each other’s goal, and communicate directly to solve the problem. As for the horizontal out-group, they palter on their face. However, confrontation will happen if they have different goals. Severance between them will not end until a third-party mediator appears. Reporters are cultural and social “agents.” The strategies they use to deal with conflict are a reflection of their cultural context, but they could easily compromise the professional ethics of journalism. This thesis provides a new paradigm to analyze this long-discussed issue. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/34193 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 新聞研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-95-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 712.27 kB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。