事業網絡鑲嵌、知識管理與新產品開發績效關聯性之研究

Abstract

面對快速變動的環境，創新已成為企業求生存之不二法門，但創新的形式包括產品創新、製程創新、服務創新、事業模式創新等，因此該如何適切的衡量創新成為研究創新學者之重要課題。此外影響創新的關鍵因素什麼？學者間有不同的看法，但事實上很難將所有關鍵因素在單一研究中加以完整探討，故研究者只能就自己選定範圍內之重要因素，或過去少被研究之因素加以探討。 本研究以新產品開發績效做為衡量創新之指標，而新產品開發績效則包括了財務績效、市場績效及過程績效等三項構面。而在影響創新的關鍵因素上，本研究選定事業網絡鑲嵌與知識管理能力為重要的關鍵因素，其中事業網絡鑲嵌依鑲嵌類別可分為：關係鑲嵌、結構鑲嵌、資源鑲嵌與地位鑲嵌；依鑲嵌對象則分為：供應商鑲嵌、顧客鑲嵌、學術研究機構鑲嵌。知識管理能力則包括了知識取得、知識創造、知識應用、知識移轉與知識儲存。因此本研究之目的在於： 1. 探討企業事業網絡鑲嵌對新產品開發績效之影響。 2. 探討企業知識管理對新產品開發績效之影響。 3. 探討以企業事業網絡鑲嵌為調節變數的情況下，企業知識管理對新產品開發績效的影響是否有所不同。 本研究以文獻探討及個案訪談之方式，發展出問卷並提出假說。以中華徵信所公布之「2005台灣地區TOP 5000大型企業名錄」中之製造業為實證對象進行隨機抽樣之問卷調查。本研究依問卷回收結果進行卡方檢定、相關分析、迴歸分析等統計分析，並獲得下列研究結果： 1. 企業之事業網絡鑲嵌越緊密，新產品開發績效則越佳。 2. 企業之知識管理能力越好，新產品開發績效則越佳。 3. 企業之事業網絡鑲嵌不為知識管理對新產品開發績效影響之調節變數。 其中本研究提出之假說除了資源鑲嵌、知識取得、知識創造等三項構面對新產品開發績效影響不顯著外，其餘構面對新產品開發績效均呈現顯著影響，而資源鑲嵌、知識取得、知識創造等三項構面不顯著的原因在於所有回答問卷之企業對此三項構面的衡量分數均偏高且集中所致。

In an ever-changing world, innovation has become an indispensable key to survival to modern enterprises. However, several forms of innovation are often discussed, including product innovation, process innovation, service innovation, and business model innovation. Therefore, how to appropriately measure innovation has been an important issue to innovation researchers. Besides, there has not been a unanimous answer to the question what the key factors that influence innovation really are. In fact, it is very difficult to investigate all the key factors thoroughly in a single study. So researchers often make investigations on the factors that interest them or that have received little attention before. In our study the indicator utilized to measure innovation is new product development performance, which contains three constructs, e.g. finance performance, market performance, and process performance. Among the key factors that influence innovation, business network embeddedness and knowledge management capability were chosen in our study. Business network embeddedness is categorized into relation embeddedness, structure embeddedness, resource embeddedness, and position embeddedness according to the types of embeddedness; it can also be classified into supplier embeddedness, customer embeddedness, and research institute embeddedness according to the subject of embeddedness. Meanwhile, knowledge management capability consists of knowledge acquirement, knowledge invention, knowledge application, knowledge transfer, and knowledge storage. Therefore, the purposes of our study are: (1) To study the influence of business network embeddedness on new product development performance. (2) To study the influence of knowledge management capability on new product development performance. (3) To study, by using enterprise business network embeddedness as a moderator, will there be any difference for enterprise knowledge management on new product development measurement? This study use literature review and case interview as our ground to development the questionnaire and then suggest hypothesis. The manufactures conducted the questionnaire are sampled at random from “Top 5000 big enterprises in Taiwan 2005” by China Credit Incorporation. After the statistic analysis, this study concludes: (1) The closer the enterprise business network embeddedness is, the better new product development performance will be (2) The better the enterprise knowledge management capability is, the better new product development performance will be (3) When discussing the influence that knowledge management has on new product development performance, enterprise business network embedness is not one of moderators Three constructs in our hypothesis, e.g. resource embeddedness, knowledge acquirement, and knowledge invention, did not have a significant influence on new product development performance. All the other constructs were shown to have significant influences on new product development performance. The major reason the three above-mentioned constructs did not have a significant influence might be that all the interviewed enterprises had high and statistically concentrated scores for these three constructs.