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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳先琪 | |
dc.contributor.author | Chia-Chen Hsu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 許嘉珍 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T04:50:37Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2006-07-19 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-19 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-14 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 中央研究院植物研究所網站 (htt p://www. sinica.edu.tw/~dbal gae/)
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/33615 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究藉著不同月份的採樣收集新山水庫在近八個月的水質資料,並利用零維模式模擬藻類在其中的消長情形。為精確描述水體不同層間的藻相變化,模式將表水至水深十公尺處分為三層,並考慮由溫度變化造成的層間混合效果。由於影響藻類生存的因子相當多,本模式利用採樣所得之水質及水文資料做為環境條件,以作為模式校正根據,找出適用在新山水庫的模式參數。
本研究以各藻種之生理特性將總藻分為四類,以模擬此四種藻在各層水體之體積變化。由實測結果能顯示藻類在各季節的消長情形,而隱球藻雖在各季節皆是最多數量的藻種,但因體積小,使得冬季出現頻率增加的矽藻及金黃藻因體積較大便轉變為優勢藻種,優勢藻會改變的原因是水溫變化引起的環境變動造成不同藻的適應能力有差異。 由於水庫優養化問題在台灣數座重要水庫已引起關切,若有害藻種存在水庫水體,對於飲用水便是一大危機。而新山水庫在每年五月有嚴重藻華現象發生,本研究欲針對此問題提出一解決方法,並欲證實以混合力量打破水體分層能有效抑制微囊藻在表層的生長,因此在水庫安裝一模廠設施,藉由沉水馬達造成的混合力量,將表水附近之藻類帶至水深八公尺處,實驗結果發現微囊藻並未因離開表層而消失,推測水深八公尺處之光線或環境仍適合藻類生存,且混合力量未足以打破新山水庫在夏季約兩公尺的分層現象,需加強混合力量或以其他工法代替以達成目的。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Hsin shan reservoir is located in Keelung, Taiwan. By sampling during last year, we collected the water quality data of this reservoir, including algae phase and nutrient such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and phosphate. These data were used in developing an algae dynamic model which is zero dimension. From surface to ten meters down to the water, we divided three levels to simulate the growth situation of different kinds of algae. The measured data showed that there was a phenomenon about algae succession happened in this reservoir. The physical characteristics of different kind algae and the environmental condition controlled which kind of algae would be the widely distributed species. Take Hsin Shan reservoir for example, Cyanophyta had a wide distribution in summer, but in fall, Bacillariophyta and Chrysophyta replaced it.
After calculating all parameters of this model, other data were needed to verify the model. This model can also be used for environmental management, and to predict when bloom will happen in reservoirs. Eutrophication is a serious problem in reservoirs, and Hsin shan reservoir was examined beyond standard in 2003 with Carlson Index. In order to correct this, we established a pilot in this reservoir. In the pilot, mixing was thought to destratify the stable condition of water. In the end of the experiment, the goal species, Microcystis, didn’t leave the water body. The possible reason was that the environment below the surface water was also suitable for it, and there might be enough light and nutrient for its growth. More powerful mixing or other artificial methods are needed to alleviate the bloom happened in Hsin shan reservoir. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T04:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-R93541109-1.pdf: 7004086 bytes, checksum: 2ee0dac6b88d7873461aa59b66a125ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 錄
中文摘要 英文摘要 目錄..... I 表目錄..... V 圖目錄..... VI 第一章 前言..... 1 1-1 研究緣起..... 1 1-2 研究目的..... 2 第二章 文獻回顧..... 5 2-1 藻類的生長..... 5 2-1-1 影響藻類生長的物理因子..... 5 2-1-1-1 溫度..... 6 2-1-1-2 光線..... 7 2-1-1-3 水體混合..... 11 2-1-1-4光線與混合深度共同對藻類生長的影響..... 12 2-1-2 影響藻類生長的化學因子..... 13 2-1-2-1 藻類細胞內外部營養鹽與藻類生長速率的關係.....14 2-1-2-2 種間競爭理論..... 16 2-2 藻類的死亡..... 19 2-2-1 沉降作用..... 19 2-2-2 原生動物攝食..... 20 2-3 藍綠藻之基本介紹..... 20 2-3-1 藍綠藻基本生理特性 21 2-3-1-1 微囊藻生長特性..... 22 2-4 水庫中溫度分佈及混合的影響..... 22 2-4-1上層水混合的影響..... 23 2-4-2 下層水曝氣的影響..... 25 2-5 水質模式及藻類動態模擬之相關文獻..... 26 2-5-1 水質模式..... 26 2-5-2 藻類模式..... 26 2-5-2-1 PROTECH model..... 26 2-5-2-2 其他藻類動態模式..... 27 第三章 研究方法..... 31 3-1研究流程..... 31 3-2背景採樣及水質分析方法..... 32 3-2-1背景採樣..... 32 3-2-2採樣方法..... 33 3-2-3分析方法..... 33 3-2-3-1水質分析方法..... 33 3-2-3-2藻類計數方法..... 34 3-3藻類動態模式之建立方法..... 34 3-3-1系統建立..... 34 3-3-2分層模式架構之各參數介紹..... 38 3-3-2-1藻類生長速率..... 38 3-3-2-2藻類死亡及沉降消失速率..... 39 3-3-2-3層間混合現象..... 39 3-3-3分層磷鹽及藻類體積濃度變化..... 40 3-3-3-1磷鹽濃度變化之一階微分方程式..... 40 3-3-3-2 藻類體積濃度變化之一階微分方程式..... 42 3-3-4模式輸入資料及參數..... 44 3-3-4-1 藻種分類原則..... 44 3-3-4-2 混合係數..... 44 3-3-4-3 日照強度、溫度、透明度及磷鹽濃度..... 45 3-3-4-4 藻類體積濃度..... 45 3-4模廠設置方法..... 48 3-4-1 模廠設備..... 48 3-4-2 模廠設置位置及安裝..... 49 3-4-3 模廠運轉及採樣..... 49 第四章 結果與討論..... 53 4-1 背景水質及藻相採樣分析結果..... 53 4-1-1 溫度、pH、溶氧分析..... 53 4-1-2 營養鹽分析..... 59 4-1-2-1正磷酸鹽..... 59 4-1-2-2總磷..... 61 4-1-2-3硝酸鹽..... 62 4-1-2-4氨氮..... 63 4-1-2-5表水無機氮磷比..... 64 4-1-3 藻數量及藻相分析..... 65 4-1-3-1藻數量分析..... 65 4-1-3-2藻相分析..... 68 4-1-3-3各單細胞藻體積計算結果..... 73 4-2 模廠裝置期間內外之採樣結果分析..... 75 4-2-1 水質監測結果..... 75 4-2-2 水質分析結果..... 79 4-2-3 藻數量及藻相分析結果..... 83 4-2-4 新山水庫藍綠藻與水質因子之相關性..... 88 4-3 新山水庫藻類動態模擬結果分析..... 90 4-3-1 總藻校正..... 90 4-3-1-1 總藻校正結果..... 90 4-3-1-2 總藻體積校正之參數敏感度分析..... 100 4-3-2 四種藻共存校正..... 111 4-3-2-1 參數設定原則..... 111 4-3-2-2 校正結果討論..... 111 4-3-3 四種藻共存模擬..... 124 第五章 結論與建議..... 131 5-1 結論..... 131 5-2 建議..... 133 參考文獻..... 135 附錄A 新山水庫氣象站於模廠實驗各採樣日之氣象資料..... 附-1 附錄B 模式之程式碼..... 附-7 附錄C 程式所需之輸入資料..... 附-28 附錄D 各層間混合係數計算值..... 附-42 表 目 錄 表 2- 1 (a) 各種藻之色素組成..... 8 表2-1 (b) 各種光之波長..... 9 表 3- 1 水質分析項目及保存方法..... 33 表 3- 2 模式參數..... 43 表 3- 3 藻體積計算方法..... 46 表4- 1 各月份表水之無機氮磷比..... 64 表4- 2 各種藻之單細胞體積..... 73 表4- 3 模廠運作時程及當日天候..... 75 表4- 4 水質因子與隱球藻、微囊藻之相關性..... 89 表4- 5 總藻及四種藻模擬之參數校正結果及文獻範圍..... 123 圖 目 錄 圖 2-1葉綠素、溫度、光照與營養鹽在水體剖面的垂直相關圖..... 6 圖 2-2葉綠素a 及類胡蘿蔔素(chlorophyll a and carotenoids)及各種藻膽色素(phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin)的吸收光波長範圍..... 9 圖 2-3葉綠素a , 葉綠素b 及類胡蘿蔔素(chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids)的吸收光波長範圍..... 10 圖2-4 藻類系統反應示意圖..... 14 圖2-5磷系統反應示意圖..... 14 圖2-6細胞質量、營養鹽濃度與細胞儲存量的關係..... 16 圖2-7 A.f.及C.m.分別對Si及P的半飽和常數..... 18 圖2-8 A.f.及C.m.之優勢示意圖..... 18 圖2-9 混合深度示意圖..... 23 圖2-10 水體分層示意圖..... 24 圖2-11 表面水混合圖..... 24 圖2-12 水體下層曝氣混合示意圖..... 25 圖2-13 優養模式結構..... 28 圖2-14 模式一結構圖..... 28 圖2-15 模式二結構圖..... 29 圖2-16 模式三結構圖..... 29 圖3- 1 研究流程圖..... 31 圖3- 2 新山水庫中採樣點之位置..... 32 圖3- 3 新山水庫懸浮固體及濁度隨時間之變化圖..... 35 圖3- 4 模式分層系統概念圖..... 36 圖3- 5 分層系統動態模擬示意圖..... 37 圖3- 6 混合係數推求模式圖..... 41 圖3- 7 塑膠布加工圖..... 50 圖3- 8 塑膠布包覆鋼架之設計圖..... 51 圖4- 1 各採樣月份之水溫隨深度變化圖 ..... 55 圖4- 2 各採樣點之水溫隨時間變化圖..... 55 圖4- 3 各採樣月份之pH隨深度變化圖..... 56 圖4- 4 各採樣點之pH隨時間變化圖..... 57 圖4- 5 各採樣月份之溶氧隨深度變化圖..... 58 圖4- 6 各採樣點之溶氧隨時間變化圖..... 59 圖4- 7 各採樣月份之正磷酸鹽隨深度變化圖..... 60 圖4- 8 各採樣月份之總磷隨深度變化圖..... 61 圖4- 9 各採樣月份之硝酸鹽隨深度變化圖..... 62 圖4- 10 各採樣月份之氨氮隨深度變化圖..... 63 圖4- 11 各採樣月份之藻數量隨深度變化圖..... 67 圖4- 12 各採樣月份之不同藻出現頻率隨深度變化圖..... 70 圖4- 13 各採樣月份之不同藻數量隨深度變化圖..... 72 圖4- 14 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot) 之水溫隨深度變化圖..... 76 圖4- 15 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之溶氧隨深度變化圖..... 78 圖4- 16 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之pH隨深度變化圖..... 79 圖4- 17 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之正磷酸鹽隨深度變化圖 ..... 80 圖4- 18 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之總磷隨深度變化圖..... 81 圖4- 19 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之硝酸鹽隨深度變化圖..... 82 圖4- 20 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之氨氮及凱氏氮隨深度變化圖..... 83 圖4- 21 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之藻數量隨深度變化圖..... 85 圖4- 22 模廠內(in the pilot)及模廠外(out of the pilot)之藻相隨深度變化圖..... 87 圖4- 23 總藻在各層濃度實測值隨時間之變化圖..... 93 圖4- 24 總藻在各層濃度校正值隨時間之變化圖..... 93 圖4- 25 各層磷濃度模擬值隨時間之變化圖..... 94 圖4- 26 各層光線限制因子(GI)模擬值隨時間之變化圖..... 94 圖4- 27 各層營養鹽限制因子(GP)模擬值隨時間之變化圖..... 95 圖4- 28 各層生長速率(growth rate)模擬值隨時間之變化圖..... 95 圖4- 29 上層藻生長速率(growth rate)與光線(GI)、營養鹽(GP)限制因子模擬值之關係圖..... 96 圖4- 30中層藻生長速率(growth rate)與光線(GI)、營養鹽(GP)限制因子模擬值之關係圖..... 96 圖4- 31 下層藻生長速率(growth rate)與光線(GI)、營養鹽(GP)限制因子模擬值之關係圖..... 97 圖4- 32 上層藻生長速率(growth rate)與總體積(algae volume)模擬值之關係圖..... 97 圖4- 33 中層藻生長速率(growth rate)與總體積(algae volume)模擬值之關係圖..... 98 圖4- 34 下層藻生長速率(growth rate)與總體積(algae volume)模擬值之關係圖..... 98 圖4- 35 各層間混合係數(kmix12, kmix23, kmix30)之比較圖..... 99 圖4- 36 表層光強度輸入值與各層光強度模擬值之關係圖..... 99 圖4- 37 參數E之敏感度分析..... 102 圖4- 38參數Gmax之敏感度分析..... 103 圖4- 39 參數Kp的敏感度分析..... 104 圖4- 40 參數KI的敏感度分析..... 105 圖4- 41 參數α的敏感度分析..... 106 圖4- 42 參數ks之敏感度分析..... 107 圖4- 43 參數kM之敏感度分析..... 108 圖4- 44 參數kmax之敏感度分析..... 109 圖4- 45 參數Y之敏感度分析..... 110 圖4- 46 Algae_1在各層之校正結果與實測值比較圖..... 115 圖4- 47 Algae_2在各層之校正結果與實測值比較圖..... 116 圖4- 48 Algae_3在各層之校正結果與實測值比較圖..... 117 圖4- 49 Algae_4在各層之校正結果與實測值比較圖..... 118 圖4- 50四種藻體積濃度在各層之實測值隨時間變化消長圖..... 119 圖4-51 四種藻體積濃度在各層之校正值隨時間變化消長圖..... 120 圖4-52 四種藻在各層之生長速率隨時間變化關係圖..... 121 圖4-53 各層磷之模擬值隨時間變化圖..... 122 圖4-54 Algae_1在各層之模擬結果與實測值比較圖..... 125 圖4-55 Algae_2在各層之模擬結果與實測值比較圖..... 126 圖4-56 Algae_3在各層之模擬結果與實測值比較圖..... 127 圖4-57 Algae_4在各層之模擬結果與實測值比較圖..... 128 圖4-58 各層磷濃度之模擬值..... 129 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 新山水庫藻類生態模擬及改善優養化工法之初步探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Algal Ecological Modeling in Hsin-shan Reservoir and Preliminary Study in Eutrophication Control | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳俊宗,郭振泰 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 優養化,動態模擬,水體分層,限制因子,混合係數, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | eutrophication,algae succession,dynamic modeling,water stratification,limiting factor,mixing coefficient, | en |
dc.relation.page | 139 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-17 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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