請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/32988
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 賈景山 | |
dc.contributor.author | Chiou-Yueh Yeh | en |
dc.contributor.author | 葉秋月 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T04:21:07Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-08-03 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-08-03 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-22 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. Abo, H., T. Matsumura, T. Kodama, H. Ohta, K. Fukui, K. Kato, and H. Kagawa. 1991. Peptide sequences for sucrose splitting and glucan binding within Streptococcus sobrinus glucosyltransferase (water-insoluble glucan synthetase). J. Bacteriol. 173:989-996.
2. Agocha, A. E. and M. Eghbali-Webb. 1997. A simple method for preparation of cultured cardiac fibroblasts from adult human ventricular tissue. Mol. Cell Biochem. 172:195-198. 3. Ajdic, D., W. M. McShan, R. E. McLaughlin, G. Savic, J. Chang, M. B. Carson, C. Primeaux, R. Tian, S. Kenton, H. Jia, S. Lin, Y. Qian, S. Li, H. Zhu, F. Najar, H. Lai, J. White, B. A. Roe, and J. J. Ferretti. 2002. Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans UA159, a cariogenic dental pathogen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 99:14434-14439. 4. Akira, S. and H. Hemmi. 2003. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family. Immunol. Lett. 85:85-95. 5. Al Okla, S., C. Chatenay-Rivauday, J. P. Klein, and D. Wachsmann. 1999. Involvement of alpha5beta1 integrins in interleukin 8 production induced by oral viridans streptococcal protein I/IIf in cultured endothelial cells. Cell Microbiol. 1:157-168. 6. Alberti, L., T. Bachelot, A. Duc, C. Biota, and J. Y. Blay. 2005. A spliced isoform of interleukin 6 mRNA produced by renal cell carcinoma encodes for an interleukin 6 inhibitor. Cancer Res. 65:2-5. 7. Alexopoulou, L., A. C. Holt, R. Medzhitov, and R. A. Flavell. 2001. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature. 413:732-738. 8. Aliprantis, A. O., R. B. Yang, M. R. Mark, S. Suggett, B. Devaux, J. D. Radolf, G. R. Klimpel, P. Godowski, and A. Zychlinsky. 1999. Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through toll-like receptor-2. Science. 285:736-739. 9. Allen, B. L., B. Katz, and M. Hook. 2002. Streptococcus anginosus adheres to vascular endothelium basement membrane and purified extracellular matrix proteins. Microb. Pathog. 32:191-204. 10. Alter, P., J. Hoeschen, M. Ritter, and B. Maisch. 2002. Usefulness of cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-2R concentrations in diagnosing active infective endocarditis involving native valves. Am. J. Cardiol. 89:1400-1404. 11. Ando, T., H. Tsumori, A. Shimamura, Y. Sato, and H. Mukasa. 2003. Classification of oral streptococci by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with direct activity stain for glycosyltransferases. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 18:171-175. 12. Arditi, M., J. Zhou, R. Dorio, G. W. Rong, S. M. Goyert, and K. S. Kim. 1993. Endotoxin-mediated endothelial cell injury and activation: role of soluble CD14. Infect. Immun. 61:3149-3156. 13. Arnold, R., J. Scheffer, B. Konig, and W. Konig. 1993. Effects of Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica on cytokine gene expression and release from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes and epithelial (HEp-2) cells. Infect. Immun. 61:2545-2552. 14. Baldassare, J. J., Y. Bi, and C. J. Bellone. 1999. The role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in IL-1 beta transcription. J. Immunol. 162:5367-5373. 15. Banas, J. A., K. R. Hazlett, and J. E. Mazurkiewicz. 2001. An in vitro model for studying the contributions of the Streptococcus mutans glucan-binding protein A to biofilm structure. Methods Enzymol. 337:425-433. 16. Banas, J. A., D. Simon, L. K. Williams, J. J. Ferretti, and R. R. Russell. 1994. Analysis of a primer-independent GTF-I from Streptococcus salivarius. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 123:349-354. 17. Banas, J. A. and M. M. Vickerman. 2003. Glucan-binding proteins of the oral streptococci. Crit Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 14:89-99. 18. Bancsi, M. J., M. H. Veltrop, R. M. Bertina, and J. Thompson. 1996. Role of phagocytosis in activation of the coagulation system in Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis. Infect. Immun. 64:5166-5170. 19. Banks, J., S. Poole, S. P. Nair, J. Lewthwaite, P. Tabona, R. McNab, M. Wilson, A. Paul, and B. Henderson. 2002. Streptococcus sanguis secretes CD14-binding proteins that stimulate cytokine synthesis: a clue to the pathogenesis of infective (bacterial) endocarditis? Microb. Pathog. 32:105-116. 20. Barnes, P. F., D. Chatterjee, J. S. Abrams, S. Lu, E. Wang, M. Yamamura, P. J. Brennan, and R. L. Modlin. 1992. Cytokine production induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan. Relationship to chemical structure. J. Immunol. 149:541-547. 21. Bashore, T. M., C. Cabell, and V. Fowler, Jr. 2006. Update on infective endocarditis. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 31:274-352. 22. Bayer, A. S., P. M. Sullam, M. Ramos, C. Li, A. L. Cheung, and M. R. Yeaman. 1995. Staphylococcus aureus induces platelet aggregation via a fibrinogen-dependent mechanism which is independent of principal platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa fibrinogen-binding domains. Infect. Immun. 63:3634-3641. 23. Benabdelmoumene, S., S. Dumont, C. Petit, P. Poindron, D. Wachsmann, and J. P. Klein. 1991. Activation of human monocytes by Streptococcus mutans serotype f polysaccharide: immunoglobulin G Fc receptor expression and tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 production. Infect. Immun. 59:3261-3266. 24. Berlin, J. A., E. Abrutyn, B. L. Strom, J. L. Kinman, M. E. Levison, O. M. Korzeniowski, R. S. Feldman, and D. Kaye. 1995. Incidence of infective endocarditis in the Delaware Valley, 1988-1990. Am. J. Cardiol. 76:933-936. 25. Bertin, J., W. J. Nir, C. M. Fischer, O. V. Tayber, P. R. Errada, J. R. Grant, J. J. Keilty, M. L. Gosselin, K. E. Robison, G. H. Wong, M. A. Glucksmann, and P. S. DiStefano. 1999. Human CARD4 protein is a novel CED-4/Apaf-1 cell death family member that activates NF-kappaB. J. Biol. Chem. 274:12955-12958. 26. Blondiau, C., P. Lagadec, P. Lejeune, N. Onier, J. M. Cavaillon, and J. F. Jeannin. 1994. Correlation between the capacity to activate macrophages in vitro and the antitumor activity in vivo of lipopolysaccharides from different bacterial species. Immunobiology. 190:243-254. 27. Brady, L. J., D. G. Cvitkovitch, C. M. Geric, M. N. Addison, J. C. Joyce, P. J. Crowley, and A. S. Bleiweis. 1998. Deletion of the central proline-rich repeat domain results in altered antigenicity and lack of surface expression of the Streptococcus mutans P1 adhesin molecule. Infect. Immun. 66:4274-4282. 28. Brightbill, H. D., D. H. Libraty, S. R. Krutzik, R. B. Yang, J. T. Belisle, J. R. Bleharski, M. Maitland, M. V. Norgard, S. E. Plevy, S. T. Smale, P. J. Brennan, B. R. Bloom, P. J. Godowski, and R. L. Modlin. 1999. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors. Science. 285:732-736. 29. Buckley, C. D., D. Pilling, J. M. Lord, A. N. Akbar, D. Scheel-Toellner, and M. Salmon. 2001. Fibroblasts regulate the switch from acute resolving to chronic persistent inflammation. Trends Immunol. 22:199-204. 30. Carrizosa, J., K. Kaye, and W. Kobasa. 1978. Experimental streptococcal endocarditis. The early vegetation. Arch. Pathol. Lab Med. 102:518-521. 31. Castagliuolo, I., M. Sardina, P. Brun, C. DeRos, C. Mastrotto, L. Lovato, and G. Palu. 2004. Clostridium difficile toxin A carboxyl-terminus peptide lacking ADP-ribosyltransferase activity acts as a mucosal adjuvant. Infect. Immun. 72:2827-2836. 32. Cavaillon J. M., and N. Haeffner-Cavaillon. 1992. Sturuture-function relationships of core oligosaccharide, p. 205-224. In D. C. Morrison and J. L. Ryan (ed.), Bacterial endotoxic Lipopolysaccharide, vol. 1. Molecular biochemistry and cellular biology. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla. 33. Cavaillon, J. M. and N. Haeffner-Cavaillon. 1990. Signals involved in interleukin 1 synthesis and release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes/macrophages. Cytokine. 2:313-329. 34. Chang, B., J. memura-Maekawa, F. Kura, I. Kawamura, and H. Watanabe. 2004. Expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in human alveolar epithelial cells is induced by invading, but not by adhering, Legionella pneumophila. Microb. Pathog. 37:295-302. 35. Chatenay-Rivauday, C., I. Yamodo, M. A. Sciotti, N. Troffer-Charlier, J. P. Klein, and J. A. Ogier. 2000. TNF-alpha release by monocytic THP-1 cells through cross-linking of the extended V-region of the oral streptococcal protein I/II. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67:81-89. 36. Chen, C. C., C. L. Rosenbloom, D. C. Anderson, and A. M. Manning. 1995. Selective inhibition of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by inhibitors of I kappa B-alpha phosphorylation. J. Immunol. 155:3538-3545. 37. Chia, J. S., H. T. Lien, P. R. Hsueh, P. M. Chen, A. Sun, and J. Y. Chen. 2002. Induction of cytokines by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans. Clin. Diagn. Lab Immunol. 9:892-897. 38. Chia, J. S., Y. L. Lin, H. T. Lien, and J. Y. Chen. 2004. Platelet aggregation induced by serotype polysaccharides from Streptococcus mutans. Infect. Immun. 72:2605-2617. 39. Chino, F., A. Kodama, M. Otake, and D. S. Dock. 1975. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis in a Japanese autopsy sample. A review of eighty cases. Am. Heart J. 90:190-198. 40. Chomarat, P., J. Banchereau, J. Davoust, and A. K. Palucka. 2000. IL-6 switches the differentiation of monocytes from dendritic cells to macrophages. Nat. Immunol. 1:510-514. 41. Chomczynski, P. and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156-159. 42. Chou, C. H., L. H. Wei, M. L. Kuo, Y. J. Huang, K. P. Lai, C. A. Chen, and C. Y. Hsieh. 2005. Up-regulation of interleukin-6 in human ovarian cancer cell via a Gi/PI3K-Akt/NF-kappaB pathway by lysophosphatidic acid, an ovarian cancer-activating factor. Carcinogenesis. 26:45-52. 43. Clarke, J. K. 1924. On the bacterial factor in the aetiology of dental caries. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 5:141-149. 44. Claverys, J. P., M. Prudhomme, I. Mortier-Barriere, and B. Martin. 2000. Adaptation to the environment: Streptococcus pneumoniae, a paradigm for recombination-mediated genetic plasticity? Mol. Microbiol. 35:251-259. 45. Crawford, I. and C. Russell. 1986. Comparative adhesion of seven species of streptococci isolated from the blood of patients with sub-acute bacterial endocarditis to fibrin-platelet clots in vitro. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 60:127-133. 46. Cuschleri, J., D. Gourlay, I. Garcia, S. Jelacic, and R. V. Maier. 2003. Endotoxin-induced endothelial cell proinflammatory phenotypic differentiation requires stress fiber polymerization. Shock. 19:433-439. 47. Dall, L. and B. Herndon. 1989. Quantitative assay of glycocalyx produced by viridans group streptococci that cause endocarditis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:2039-2041. 48. Dall, L. H. and B. L. Herndon. 1990. Association of cell-adherent glycocalyx and endocarditis production by viridans group streptococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1698-1700. 49. Dalrymple, S. A., L. A. Lucian, R. Slattery, T. McNeil, D. M. Aud, S. Fuchino, F. Lee, and R. Murray. 1995. Interleukin-6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection: correlation with inefficient neutrophilia. Infect. Immun. 63:2262-2268. 50. Dalrymple, S. A., R. Slattery, D. M. Aud, M. Krishna, L. A. Lucian, and R. Murray. 1996. Interleukin-6 is required for a protective immune response to systemic Escherichia coli infection. Infect. Immun. 64:3231-3235. 51. Dankert, J., W. J. van der, W. Joldersma, and S. A. Zaat. 2006. Interleukin 1alpha increases the susceptibility of rabbits to experimental viridans streptococcal endocarditis. Infect. Immun. 74:947-952. 52. De la, H. A., A. Castillo, J. Gutierrez, A. Garcia-Mendoza, and J. Liebana. 1997. In-vitro susceptibility, tolerance and glycocalyx production in Streptococcus mutans. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:359-363. 53. Delahaye, F., V. Goulet, F. Lacassin, R. Ecochard, C. Selton-Suty, B. Hoen, J. Etienne, S. Briancon, and C. Leport. 1995. Characteristics of infective endocarditis in France in 1991. A 1-year survey. Eur. Heart J. 16:394-401. 54. Demarest, S. J., J. Salbato, M. Elia, J. Zhong, T. Morrow, T. Holland, K. Kline, G. Woodnutt, B. E. Kimmel, and G. Hansen. 2005. Structural characterization of the cell wall binding domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B; evidence that Ca2+ plays a role in toxin A cell surface association. J. Mol. Biol. 346:1197-1206. 55. Denk, A., M. Goebeler, S. Schmid, I. Berberich, O. Ritz, D. Lindemann, S. Ludwig, and T. Wirth. 2001. Activation of NF-kappa B via the Ikappa B kinase complex is both essential and sufficient for proinflammatory gene expression in primary endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 276:28451-28458. 56. Dinarello, C. A. 1996. Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood. 87:2095-2147. 57. Dinarello, C. A. 1997. Interleukin-1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 8:253-265. 58. Dinkla, K., M. Rohde, W. T. Jansen, J. R. Carapetis, G. S. Chhatwal, and S. R. Talay. 2003. Streptococcus pyogenes recruits collagen via surface-bound fibronectin: a novel colonization and immune evasion mechanism. Mol. Microbiol. 47:861-869. 59. DiPersio, J. R., S. J. Mattingly, M. L. Higgins, and G. D. Shockman. 1978. A quantitative ultrastructural and chemical investigation of the accumulation of iodophilic polysaccharide in two cariogenic strains of Streptococcus mutans. Microbios. 21:109-126. 60. Douglas, M. R., K. E. Morrison, M. Salmon, and C. D. Buckley. 2002. Why does inflammation persist: a dominant role for the stromal microenvironment? Expert. Rev. Mol. Med. 2002:1-18. 61. Dove, C. H., S. Z. Wang, S. B. Price, C. J. Phelps, D. M. Lyerly, T. D. Wilkins, and J. L. Johnson. 1990. Molecular characterization of the Clostridium difficile toxin A gene. Infect. Immun. 58:480-488. 62. Drake, T. A., G. M. Rodgers, and M. A. Sande. 1984. Tissue factor is a major stimulus for vegetation formation in enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits. J. Clin. Invest. 73:1750-1753. 63. Dube, P. H., S. A. Handley, J. Lewis, and V. L. Miller. 2004. Protective role of interleukin-6 during Yersinia enterocolitica infection is mediated through the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. Infect. Immun. 72:3561-3570. 64. Durack, D. T. 1975. Experimental bacterial endocarditis. IV. Structure and evolution of very early lesions. J. Pathol. 115:81-89. 65. Eckmann, L. and M. F. Kagnoff. 2001. Cytokines in host defense against Salmonella. Microbes. Infect. 3:1191-1200. 66. Ekdahl, C., M. Broqvist, S. Franzen, O. Ljunghusen, R. Maller, and B. Sander. 2002. IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in heart valves from patients with infective endocarditis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 34:759-762. 67. Eligini, S., B. S. Stella, V. Cavalca, M. Camera, M. Brambilla, M. De Franceschi, E. Tremoli, and S. Colli. 2005. Diversity and similarity in signaling events leading to rapid Cox-2 induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and phorbol ester in human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc. Res. 65:683-693. 68. Engels-Deutsch, M., A. Pini, Y. Yamashita, Y. Shibata, Y. Haikel, M. Scholler-Guinard, and J. P. Klein. 2003. Insertional inactivation of pac and rmlB genes reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 induced by Streptococcus mutans in monocytic, dental pulp, and periodontal ligament cells. Infect. Immun. 71:5169-5177. 69. Fagan, M. A., Y. Liu, P. Stutz, H. Vyplel, and D. T. Golenbock. 1994. Acyclic analogue of lipid A stimulates TNF-alpha and arachidonate release via a unique LPS-signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 153:5230-5238. 70. Feist, W., A. J. Ulmer, J. Musehold, H. Brade, S. Kusumoto, and H. D. Flad. 1989. Induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release by lipopolysaccharide and defined lipopolysaccharide partial structures. Immunobiology. 179:293-307. 71. Ferretti, J. J., M. L. Gilpin, and R. R. Russell. 1987. Nucleotide sequence of a glucosyltransferase gene from Streptococcus sobrinus MFe28. J. Bacteriol. 169:4271-4278. 72. Fiorentini, C. and M. Thelestam. 1991. Clostridium difficile toxin A and its effects on cells. Toxicon. 29:543-567. 73. Fitzgerald, J. R., A. Loughman, F. Keane, M. Brennan, M. Knobel, J. Higgins, L. Visai, P. Speziale, D. Cox, and T. J. Foster. 2006. Fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus mediate activation of human platelets via fibrinogen and fibronectin bridges to integrin GPIIb/IIIa and IgG binding to the FcgammaRIIa receptor. Mol. Microbiol. 59:212-230. 74. Flegel, W. A., F. Muller, W. Daubener, H. G. Fischer, U. Hadding, and H. Northoff. 1991. Cytokine response by human monocytes to Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B. Infect. Immun. 59:3659-3666. 75. Fowler, V. G., Jr., L. M. McIntyre, M. R. Yeaman, G. E. Peterson, R. L. Barth, G. R. Corey, D. Wray, and A. S. Bayer. 2000. In vitro resistance to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from endocarditis patients correlates with an intravascular device source. J. Infect. Dis. 182:1251-1254. 76. Fraser, I. P., H. Koziel, and R. A. Ezekowitz. 1998. The serum mannose-binding protein and the macrophage mannose receptor are pattern recognition molecules that link innate and adaptive immunity. Semin. Immunol. 10:363-372. 77. Frey, S. M. and T. D. Wilkins. 1992. Localization of two epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibody PCG-4 on Clostridium difficile toxin A. Infect. Immun. 60:2488-2492. 78. Frisch, C., R. Gerhard, K. Aktories, F. Hofmann, and I. Just. 2003. The complete receptor-binding domain of Clostridium difficile toxin A is required for endocytosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 300:706-711. 79. Fujiwara, T., T. Hoshino, T. Ooshima, S. Sobue, and S. Hamada. 2000. Purification, characterization, and molecular analysis of the gene encoding glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus oralis. Infect. Immun. 68:2475-2483. 80. Fujiwara, T., Y. Terao, T. Hoshino, S. Kawabata, T. Ooshima, S. Sobue, S. Kimura, and S. Hamada. 1998. Molecular analyses of glucosyltransferase genes among strains of Streptococcus mutans. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 161:331-336. 81. Fuleihan, R., W. Mourad, R. S. Geha, and T. Chatila. 1991. Engagement of MHC-class II molecules by staphylococcal exotoxins delivers a comitogenic signal to human B cells. J. Immunol. 146:1661-1666. 82. Gabriel, A. S., A. Martinsson, B. Wretlind, and S. Ahnve. 2004. IL-6 levels in acute and post myocardial infarction: their relation to CRP levels, infarction size, left ventricular systolic function, and heart failure. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 15:523-528. 83. Garrison, P. K. and L. R. Freedman. 1970. Experimental endocarditis I. Staphylococcal endocarditis in rabbits resulting from placement of a polyethylene catheter in the right side of the heart. Yale J. Biol. Med. 42:394-410. 84. Gaugler, M. H., V. Vereycken-Holler, C. Squiban, and J. Aigueperse. 2004. PECAM-1 (CD31) is required for interactions of platelets with endothelial cells after irradiation. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2:2020-2026. 85. Gavrilin, M. A., I. J. Bouakl, N. L. Knatz, M. D. Duncan, M. W. Hall, J. S. Gunn, and M. D. Wewers. 2006. Internalization and phagosome escape required for Francisella to induce human monocyte IL-1beta processing and release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103:141-146. 86. Gerszten, R. E., E. A. Garcia-Zepeda, Y. C. Lim, M. Yoshida, H. A. Ding, M. A. Gimbrone, Jr., A. D. Luster, F. W. Luscinskas, and A. Rosenzweig. 1999. MCP-1 and IL-8 trigger firm adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelium under flow conditions. Nature. 398:718-723. 87. Gewurz, H., C. Mold, J. Siegel, and B. Fiedel. 1982. C-reactive protein and the acute phase response. Adv. Intern. Med. 27:345-372. 88. Gibbons, R. J. and S. Banghart. 1968. Induction of dental caries in gnotobiotic rats with a levan-forming streptococcus and a streptococcus isolated from subacute bacterial endocarditis. Arch. Oral Biol. 13:297-308. 89. Gibbons, R. J. and S. B. Banghart. 1967. Synthesis of extracellular dextran by cariogenic bacteria and its presence in human dental plaque. Arch. Oral Biol. 12:11-23. 90. Gibbons, R. J., D. M. Spinell, and Z. Skobe. 1976. Selective adherence as a determinant of the host tropisms of certain indigenous and pathogenic bacteria. Infect. Immun. 13:238-246. 91. Giffard, P. M., D. M. Allen, C. P. Milward, C. L. Simpson, and N. A. Jacques. 1993. Sequence of the gtfK gene of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 and evolution of the gtf genes of oral streptococci. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:1511-1522. 92. Gilmore, K. S., R. R. Russell, and J. J. Ferretti. 1990. Analysis of the Streptococcus downei gtfS gene, which specifies a glucosyltransferase that synthesizes soluble glucans. Infect. Immun. 58:2452-2458. 93. Gould, K., C. H. Ramirez-Ronda, R. K. Holmes, and J. P. Sanford. 1975. Adherence of bacteria to heart valves in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 56:1364-1370. 94. Grossmann, E. M., W. E. Longo, D. L. Kaminski, G. S. Smith, C. E. Murphy, R. L. Durham, M. J. Shapiro, J. G. Norman, and J. E. Mazuski. 2000. Clostridium difficile toxin: cytoskeletal changes and lactate dehydrogenase release in hepatocytes. J. Surg. Res. 88:165-172. 95. Grube, B. J., C. G. Cochane, R. D. Ye, C. E. Green, M. E. McPhail, R. J. Ulevitch, and P. S. Tobias. 1994. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein expression in primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269:8477-8482. 96. Haeffner-Cavaillon, N., M. Caroff, and J. M. Cavaillon. 1989. Interleukin-1 induction by lipopolysaccharides: structural requirements of the 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO). Mol. Immunol. 26:485-494. 97. Haeffner-Cavaillon, N., J. M. Cavaillon, M. Moreau, and L. Szabo. 1984. Interleukin 1 secretion by human monocytes stimulated by the isolated polysaccharide region of the Bordetella pertussis endotoxin. Mol. Immunol. 21:389-395. 98. Hafizi, S., J. Wharton, K. Morgan, S. P. Allen, A. H. Chester, J. D. Catravas, J. M. Polak, and M. H. Yacoub. 1998. Expression of functional angiotensin-converting enzyme and AT1 receptors in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Circulation. 98:2553-2559. 99. Hamada, S., T. Horikoshi, T. Minami, N. Okahashi, and T. Koga. 1989. Purification and characterization of cell-associated glucosyltransferase synthesizing water-insoluble glucan from serotype c Streptococcus mutans. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135:335-344. 100. Hamada, S., J. Mizuno, Y. Murayama, Y. Ooshima, and N. Masuda. 1975. Effect of dextranase on the extracellular polysaccharide synthesis of Streptococcus mutans; chemical and scanning electron microscopy studies. Infect. Immun. 12:1415-1425. 101. Hamada, S. and H. D. Slade. 1980. Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol. Rev. 44:331-384. 102. Hamill, R. J. 1987. Role of fibronectin in infective endocarditis. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9 Suppl 4:S360-S371. 103. Hanada, N., K. Fukushima, Y. Nomura, H. Senpuku, M. Hayakawa, H. Mukasa, T. Shiroza, and Y. Abiko. 2002. Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the Streptococcus sobrinus gtfU gene that produces a highly branched water-soluble glucan. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1570:75-79. 104. Hanada, N., Y. Isobe, Y. Aizawa, T. Katayama, S. Sato, and M. Inoue. 1993. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gtfT gene from Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ176. Infect. Immun. 61:2096-2103. 105. Hanage, W. P. and J. Cohen. 2002. Stimulation of cytokine release and adhesion molecule expression by products of viridans streptococci. J. Infect. Dis. 185:357-367. 106. Harper WF. 1945. The structure of the heart valves, with special reference to their blood supply and the genesis of endocarditis. J. Path. Bacterio. 57:229. 107. Hayashi, F., K. D. Smith, A. Ozinsky, T. R. Hawn, E. C. Yi, D. R. Goodlett, J. K. Eng, S. Akira, D. M. Underhill, and A. Aderem. 2001. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature. 410:1099-1103. 108. Hazlett, K. R., J. E. Mazurkiewicz, and J. A. Banas. 1999. Inactivation of the gbpA gene of Streptococcus mutans alters structural and functional aspects of plaque biofilm which are compensated by recombination of the gtfB and gtfC genes. Infect. Immun. 67:3909-3914. 109. Hemmi, H., O. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, T. Kaisho, S. Sato, H. Sanjo, M. Matsumoto, K. Hoshino, H. Wagner, K. Takeda, and S. Akira. 2000. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature. 408:740-745. 110. Henderson, B., S. Poole, and M. Wilson. 1996. Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis. Microbiol. Rev. 60:316-341. 111. Herzberg, M. C., K. L. Brintzenhofe, and C. C. Clawson. 1983. Aggregation of human platelets and adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis. Infect. Immun. 39:1457-1469. 112. Herzberg, M. C., K. Gong, G. D. MacFarlane, P. R. Erickson, A. H. Soberay, P. H. Krebsbach, G. Manjula, K. Schilling, and W. H. Bowen. 1990. Phenotypic characterization of Streptococcus sanguis virulence factors associated with bacterial endocarditis. Infect. Immun. 58:515-522. 113. Herzberg, M. C., M. W. Meyer, A. Kilic, and L. Tao. 1997. Host-pathogen interactions in bacterial endocarditis: streptococcal virulence in the host. Adv. Dent. Res. 11:69-74. 114. Hirschfeld, M., J. J. Weis, V. Toshchakov, C. A. Salkowski, M. J. Cody, D. C. Ward, N. Qureshi, S. M. Michalek, and S. N. Vogel. 2001. Signaling by toll-like receptor 2 and 4 agonists results in differential gene expression in murine macrophages. Infect. Immun. 69:1477-1482. 115. Hoen, B., F. Alla, C. Selton-Suty, I. Beguinot, A. Bouvet, S. Briancon, J. P. Casalta, N. Danchin, F. Delahaye, J. Etienne, M. Le, V, C. Leport, J. L. Mainardi, R. Ruimy, and F. Vandenesch. 2002. Changing profile of infective endocarditis: results of a 1-year survey in France. JAMA. 288:75-81. 116. Hogevik, H., L. Olaison, R. Andersson, J. Lindberg, and K. Alestig. 1995. Epidemiologic aspects of infective endocarditis in an urban population. A 5-year prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 74:324-339. 117. Holmskov, U. L. 2000. Collectins and collectin receptors in innate immunity. APMIS Suppl. 100:1-59. 118. Holzer, T. J., K. M. Edwards, H. Gewurz, and C. Mold. 1984. Binding of C-reactive protein to the pneumococcal capsule or cell wall results in differential localization of C3 and stimulation of phagocytosis. J. Immunol. 133:1424-1430. 119. Honda, O., C. Kato, and H. K. Kuramitsu. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus mutans gtfD gene encoding the glucosyltransferase-S enzyme. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136:2099-2105. 120. Hoshino, K., O. Takeuchi, T. Kawai, H. Sanjo, T. Ogawa, Y. Takeda, K. Takeda, and S. Akira. 1999. Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product. J. Immunol. 162:3749-3752. 121. Hoshino, T., M. Kawaguchi, N. Shimizu, N. Hoshino, T. Ooshima, and T. Fujiwara. 2004. PCR detection and identification of oral streptococci in saliva samples using gtf genes. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 48:195-199. 122. Hryniewiecki, T., I. Rawczynska-Englert, D. Sitkiewicz, and D. Jablonski. 2002. [Comparison of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein serum concentrations assessment in diagnosis of infective endocarditis]. Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 108:947-952. 123. Huang, S. P., M. S. Wu, C. T. Shun, H. P. Wang, M. T. Lin, M. L. Kuo, and J. T. Lin. 2004. Interleukin-6 increases vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma. J. Biomed. Sci. 11:517-527. 124. Hurst, S. M., T. S. Wilkinson, R. M. McLoughlin, S. Jones, S. Horiuchi, N. Yamamoto, S. Rose-John, G. M. Fuller, N. Topley, and S. A. Jones. 2001. Il-6 and its soluble receptor orchestrate a temporal switch in the pattern of leukocyte recruitment seen during acute inflammation. Immunity. 14:705-714. 125. Inohara, N., T. Koseki, P. L. del, Y. Hu, C. Yee, S. Chen, R. Carrio, J. Merino, D. Liu, J. Ni, and G. Nunez. 1999. Nod1, an Apaf-1-like activator of caspase-9 and nuclear factor-kappa B. J. Biol. Chem. 274:14560-14567. 126. Jaffe, E. A., R. L. Nachman, C. G. Becker, and C. R. Minick. 1973. Culture of human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. Identification by morphologic and immunologic criteria. J. Clin. Invest. 52:2745-2756. 127. Jakubovics, N. S., S. W. Kerrigan, A. H. Nobbs, N. Stromberg, C. J. van Dolleweerd, D. M. Cox, C. G. Kelly, and H. F. Jenkinson. 2005. Functions of cell surface-anchored antigen I/II family and Hsa polypeptides in interactions of Streptococcus gordonii with host receptors. Infect. Immun. 73:6629-6638. 128. Jefferson, K. K., M. F. Smith, Jr., and D. A. Bobak. 1999. Roles of intracellular calcium and NF-kappa B in the Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced up-regulation and secretion of IL-8 from human monocytes. J. Immunol. 163:5183-5191. 129. Jenkinson, H. F. and D. R. Demuth. 1997. Structure, function and immunogenicity of streptococcal antigen I/II polypeptides. Mol. Microbiol. 23:183-190. 130. Jespersgaard, C., G. Hajishengallis, T. E. Greenway, D. J. Smith, M. W. Russell, and S. M. Michalek. 1999a. Functional and immunogenic characterization of two cloned regions of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase I. Infect. Immun. 67:810-816. 131. Jespersgaard, C., G. Hajishengallis, Y. Huang, M. W. Russell, D. J. Smith, and S. M. Michalek. 1999b. Protective immunity against Streptococcus mutans infection in mice after intranasal immunization with the glucan-binding region of S. mutans glucosyltransferase. Infect. Immun. 67:6543-6549. 132. Jiang, Y., T. R. Russell, D. T. Graves, H. Cheng, S. H. Nong, and S. M. Levitz. 1996. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin-8 production in mononuclear cells stimulated by oral microorganisms. Infect. Immun. 64:4450-4455. 133. Jiang, Y. and H. Schilder. 2002. An optimal host response to a bacterium may require the interaction of leukocytes and resident host cells. J. Endod. 28:279-282. 134. Jones, B. D. 1997. Host responses to pathogenic Salmonella infection. Genes Dev. 11:679-687. 135. Jung, H. C., J. M. Kim, I. S. Song, and C. Y. Kim. 1997. Helicobacter pylori induces an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human gastric epithelial cells: quantification of mRNA for interleukin-8, -1 alpha/beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12:473-480. 136. Just, I., J. Selzer, C. Eichel-Streiber, and K. Aktories. 1995. The low molecular mass GTP-binding protein Rho is affected by toxin A from Clostridium difficile. J. Clin. Invest. 95:1026-1031. 137. Kacimi, R., J. S. Karliner, F. Koudssi, and C. S. Long. 1998. Expression and regulation of adhesion molecules in cardiac cells by cytokines: response to acute hypoxia. Circ. Res. 82:576-586. 138. Kaplanski, G., V. Marin, F. Montero-Julian, A. Mantovani, and C. Farnarier. 2003. IL-6: a regulator of the transition from neutrophil to monocyte recruitment during inflammation. Trends Immunol. 24:25-29. 139. Kent, L. W., F. Rahemtulla, R. D. Hockett, Jr., R. C. Gilleland, and S. M. Michalek. 1998. Effect of lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokines on interleukin-6 production by healthy human gingival fibroblasts. Infect. Immun. 66:608-614. 140. Kerrigan, S. W., I. Douglas, A. Wray, J. Heath, M. F. Byrne, D. Fitzgerald, and D. Cox. 2002. A role for glycoprotein Ib in Streptococcus sanguis-induced platelet aggregation. Blood. 100:509-516. 141. Kestler, D. P., S. Agarwal, J. Cobb, K. M. Goldstein, and R. E. Hall. 1995. Detection and analysis of an alternatively spliced isoform of interleukin-6 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Blood. 86:4559-4567. 142. Kim, J. M., J. S. Kim, H. C. Jun, Y. K. Oh, I. S. Song, and C. Y. Kim. 2002. Differential expression and polarized secretion of CXC | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/32988 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 感染性心內膜炎,是細菌感染心臟瓣膜所引起的疾病,主要病徵是在心臟瓣膜上形成贅生物,造成慢性且持續性發炎反應。本論文主要是探討葡萄糖傳遞酶在感染性心內膜炎致病機轉上所扮演的角色。葡萄糖傳遞酶表現在多種會引起心內膜炎的草綠色鏈球菌的菌表面上,或是被細菌分泌出來,功能是代謝分解蔗糖並合成葡聚糖,葡聚糖引起細菌聚集和生物膜形成,是導致齲齒的重要致病因子。另一方面,葡萄糖傳遞酶也是細菌性調節素,刺激人類和老鼠單核球產生大量IL-6。在人類臍帶靜脈內皮細胞中,不管是在細菌、細菌萃取物中、或是純化的重組性葡萄糖傳遞酶,都可以專一性透過NF-kB活化,產生IL-6和黏附分子,黏附分子的表現,會促使人類單核球細胞株U937黏附到活化內皮細胞上,加入純化的IL-6和IL-6Rα會增強U937的黏附現象。更進一步的研究顯示葡萄糖傳遞酶,可在心內膜炎動物模式體內表現,而且與心臟瓣膜發炎反應急性期IL-6產生相關。草綠色鏈球菌感染的心內膜炎病人心臟瓣膜切片中,在心臟瓣膜、新生血管的內皮細胞、浸潤的單核球、和心臟纖維母細胞有細胞激素表現。體外培養的心臟纖維母細胞,會被葡萄糖傳遞酶刺激單核球所產生的IL-1β和TNF-α刺激產生MCP-1。綜合以上發現,我們提出一個感染性心內膜炎的發炎機制,當感染性心內膜炎發炎反應產生時,細菌性調節素葡萄糖傳遞酶會活化內皮細胞,引起單核球趨化和浸潤。再者,經由葡萄糖傳遞酶活化浸潤單核球所分泌的細胞激素,活化心臟纖維母細胞,產生趨化激素促使單核球趨化,導致慢性且持續性發炎反應。艱難梭狀桿菌毒素A羧基端(ARU)與葡萄糖傳遞酶有很高的相似性,最近研究發現ARU具有免疫佐劑功能。第二部份結果顯示rARU刺激內皮細胞產生IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1,需要胎牛血清和鈣離子的參與。抑制劑結果顯示rARU是透過PI3K、PKC、PTK、MAPKs和NF-kB的活化產生細胞激素,IL-8和MCP-1的產生會趨化單核球和多形核球,表示rARU會引起局部發炎反應產生,促使不容易產生免疫反應的抗原,被趨化前來的吞噬細胞辨認和呈現,而局部產生的IL-6促進B淋巴球分化成為漿細胞,產生專一性的抗體。綜合以上兩部份的研究,我們推論葡萄糖傳遞酶的羧基端與ARU相似的序列,可能是負責與內皮細胞結合的區域。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Infective endocarditis (IE), a microbial infection in the heart valves, is characterized by vegetation formation and chronic endocardial inflammation. In the present study, we examined the role of glucosyltransferases (GTFs) found in viridans streptococci-induced infective endocarditis. GTFs were discovered in several IE-inducing streptococcal species, and presented as either the bacterial surface or extracellular enzyme, to synthesize glucan that cause bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation on tooth surfaces. GTFs were also identified to be modulins of IL-6 production in monocytes of human or rat. When treated on HUVEC, both bacteria-bound and -free GTFs could induce IL-6 and adhesion molecule expression through NF-kB activation. Activated endothelial cells enhance adhesion of monocytes and such adhesion can also be achieved by treating the cells with a mixture containing IL-6 and IL-6Rα. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GTF is detected in situ and induces IL-6 synthesis during acute phase of S. mutans-induced rat experimental endocarditis. In clinical specimens from viridans streptococci induced endocarditis, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected on valvular, neocapillary endothelial cells, infiltrated macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiac fibroblasts cultured in vitro can be activated synergistically by IL-1β and TNF-α, released from GTF-activated monocytes, to release MCP-1. Taken together, we propose a mechanism for endocardial inflammation during IE for recruitment and retention of monocytes, the former may be activated by bacterial modulins on endothelial lining, while, the latter, may be maintained by cardiac fibroblasts through cytokines and chemokines. The C-terminal repetitive domain of Clostridium difficile toxin A (ARU) is homologous to GTF and exhibites adjuvant activity in mucosal immunity. In second part of this study, we demonstrate that ARU is sufficient to induce IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 production in endothelial cells through serum- and calcium-dependent manner. Inhibition results demonstrate that cytokine production in ARU-activated HUVEC is through PI3K、PKC、PTK、MAPKs and NF-kB activation. Both IL-8 and MCP-1 trigger leukocytes chemotaxis in vitro. These results suggest that mucosal adjuvant activity of C-terminus of TcdA may also attribute to the interaction of endothelial cells to release IL-6, which is important for maturating plasma cells. Take together; we hypothesized that the C-terminal repeates of GTFs, similar to ARU, might be involved in the binding of endothelial cells. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T04:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-D88445002-1.pdf: 3398193 bytes, checksum: 3867d57b0be59a5f72d5e4b972e02d3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………ii 專有名詞對照與縮寫表 iii 一、 前言 1.轉糖鏈球菌………………………………………………………1 1.1.轉糖鏈球菌毒性因子…………………………………………2 1.1.1.表面抗原antigen I/II………………………………………3 1.1.2.細胞壁醣聚合體RGP……………………………………..7 1.1.3.葡萄糖傳遞酶GTFs……………………………………….8 2. 感染性心內膜炎………………………………………………11 2.1.非細菌性栓塞性心內膜炎,細菌性贅生物形成……………12 2.2.多樣性血液動力改變…………………………………………13 2.3.短暫性菌血症…………………………………………………13 2.4.細菌與非細菌性栓塞性心內膜發炎的互動……………14 2.4.1.藉由細菌外多醣體,或是細胞上的纖維結合素………14 2.4.2.宿主防禦機制與贅生物的生長…………………………16 2.4.3.血小板凝集………………………………………………19 2.5.感染性心內膜炎的免疫病理因子……………………………20 2.5.1.心臟瓣膜內皮細胞與單核球浸潤………………………20 2.5.2.心臟內皮層纖維母細胞…………………………………22 2.5.3.先天性免疫力、PRRs、PAMPs和TLRs………………..23 2.5.4.細菌調節素、細胞激素、白血球趨化激素與黏附因子..25 2.5.4.1.細菌調節素……………………………………………25 2.5.4.2脂多醣體和其他細菌性調節素………………………27 2.5.4.3.細胞激素IL-1…………………………………………29 2.5.4.4.細胞激素IL-6…………………………………………30 2.5.4.5.趨化激素IL-8和MCP-1……………………..………..32 2.5.4.6.黏附分子………………………………………………33 3.艱難梭狀桿菌………………………………………………………34 3.1. 毒素A和毒素B……………………………………………….34 3.2. TcdA與GTF羧基端重覆性序列的比較……………………36 3.3. TcdA和B的蛋白質功能…………………………………37 4.研究方向……………………………………………………………39 4.1.鏈球菌葡萄糖傳遞酶與內皮細胞的互動及引發單核球的黏附………………………………………………………………..39 4.2.葡萄糖傳遞酶、心臟纖維母細胞和單核球之間互動在慢性且持續性發炎反應時,單核球趨化之成因…………………40 4.3. TcdA與GTF相似的羧基端ARU與內皮細胞的互動,探討ARU如何扮演免疫佐劑的功能……………………………41 二、實驗方法 1.細菌菌株及培養方法…………………………………………42 2.GTF,ARU純化,及轉糖鏈球菌蛋白質萃取方法…………42 3.細胞培養 3.1.內皮細胞……………………………………………………45 3.2.心臟纖維母細胞培養及鑑定方法…………………………46 3.3.多形核球與單核球…………………………………………47 3.4.人類單核球細胞株…………………………………………48 4.細菌及純化葡萄糖傳遞酶C附著於內皮細胞上……………49 5.細胞刺激方法…………………………………………………49 6.聚丙烯胺膠體電泳法………………………………………………51 7.西方墨點法……………………………………………………51 8.酵素連結免疫吸附法測量細胞激素…………………………52 9.分離核糖核酸方法和反轉錄聚合酶連鎖反應………………54 10.細胞表面黏附分子的測量……………………………………55 11.U937細胞附著實驗…………………………………………57 12.人類白血球趨化實驗…………………………………………58 13.NF-kB免疫螢光染色…………………………………………58 三、結果 1.鏈球菌葡萄糖傳遞酶與內皮細胞的互動及引發單核球的黏附 1.1.純化葡萄糖傳遞酶直接黏附到內皮細胞上…………………60 1.2.具有葡萄糖傳遞酶的轉糖鏈球菌活化內皮細胞產生IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β……………………………………………………….61 1.3. rGTFC取代全菌活化內皮細胞產生IL-6…………………..62 1.4.黏附分子表現於GTF活化的內皮細胞表面上,並且增加人類單核球細胞株U937的附著……………………………………66 1.5. IL-6與IL-6Rα活化內皮細胞產生ICAM-1,並且增加人類單核球細胞株U937黏附…………………………………………67 1.6.利用不同的訊號傳遞抑制劑,探討葡萄糖傳遞酶如何活化內皮產生IL-6……………………………………………………….68 2.葡萄糖傳遞酶、心臟纖維母細胞和單核球之間互動……………69 2.1.人類心臟內皮層纖維母細胞培養與鑑定……………………70 2.2.脂多醣體、IL-1β、TNF-α刺激人類心臟纖維母細胞產生IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1……………………………………………………..71 2.3.葡萄糖傳遞酶刺激人類單核球產生IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1…………………………………………………………..72 2.4. IL-1β刺激人類纖維母細胞產生的MCP-1,促進單核球趨化…………………………………………………………………75 3.艱難梭狀桿菌羧基端ARU與內皮細胞互動在免疫佐劑上的角色 3.1. ARU與GTF羧基端重覆性序列比較與西方墨點法分析…76 3.2. ARU刺激內皮細胞產生IL-6和IL-8……………………...…77 3.3. ARU活化內皮細胞產生趨化激素IL-8、MCP-1和黏附分子…………………………………………………………………...79 3.4. ARU刺激內皮細胞及促進嗜中性球和單核球的趨化…………………………………………………………………80 3.5. ARU刺激多形核球和單核球產生IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1…………………………………………………………...81 3.6.利用抑制劑探討rARU促進IL-6和IL-8產生的訊號傳遞路徑…………………………………………………………………...82 四、討論 1.葡萄糖傳遞酶與內皮細胞的互動與鏈球菌引發心臟發炎的可能機制 1.1.葡萄糖傳遞酶是細菌性調節素………………………………84 1.2.艱難梭狀桿菌毒素A羧端重覆性序列與內皮細胞的互動..87 1.3.不同細胞類型、刺激條件對細胞活化的影響……………….88 1.4.細菌需要進入細胞才能活化細胞產生發炎前驅物…….……88 1.5.葡萄糖傳遞酶經由活化不同的訊號傳遞誘發IL-6和IL-8產生…………………………………………………………………90 1.6. IL-6作用於內皮細胞上,增加單核球黏附的能力…………91 2.葡萄糖傳遞酶、心臟纖維母細胞和單核球之間互動與慢性且持續性發炎反應可能成因 2.1.葡萄糖傳遞酶無法刺激心臟纖維母細胞產生IL-6和IL-8….93 2.2. IL-1β、TNF-α刺激心臟纖維母細胞產生IL-6、IL-8和MCP-1……………………………………………………………94 2.3.葡萄糖傳遞酶刺激單核球產生IL-1β和TNF-α活化心臟纖維母細胞……………………………………………………………95 2.4. IL-1β刺激心臟纖維母細胞產生趨化激素,促進單核球趨化和附著………………………………………………………………96 2.5.草綠色鏈球菌的葡萄糖傳遞酶引起感染性心內膜炎致病機轉…………………………………………………………………98 3.艱難梭狀桿菌羧基端ARU與內皮細胞交互作用在免疫佐劑上的角色 3.1.不同細胞類型、刺激條件影響細胞激素和趨化激素的產生...99 3.2. TcdA與TcdB接受器探討…………………………………100 3.3. rARU與rGTFC經由不同的訊號傳遞路徑活化內皮細胞...101 3.4. rARU促進活化內皮細胞產生趨化激素,增加白血球趨化和活化…………………………………………………………………102 五、參考文獻…………………………………………………………103 六、圖表 表一、草綠色鏈球菌中葡萄糖傳遞酶的基因分析…………………129 表二、轉糖鏈球菌、葡萄糖傳遞酶、或脂多醣體刺激內皮細胞後,細胞表面上黏附分子的表現量…………………………………130 表三、人類單核球細胞株U937黏附至由轉糖鏈球菌、葡萄糖傳遞酶、或是脂多醣體活化的內皮細胞上的百分比…………………131 表四、利用內皮細胞上ICAM-1的表現量和U937黏附實驗分析IL-6和sIL-6Rα對於內皮細胞的作用…………………………………132 圖一、轉糖鏈球菌antigen I/II、glucosyltransferase、和艱難梭狀桿菌毒素的蛋白質結構組成,和功能性區域分析…………………133 圖二、轉糖鏈球菌和純化葡萄糖傳遞酶附著於人類臍帶靜脈內皮細胞上……………………………………………………………134 圖三、轉糖鏈球菌刺激內皮細胞產生細胞激素和趨化激素………135 圖四、葡萄糖傳遞酶促進內皮產生細胞激素和趨化激素…………136 圖五、抑制葡萄糖傳遞酶刺激內皮細胞產生IL-6和IL-8…………137 圖六、流式細胞儀分析rGTFC刺激內皮細胞表面上黏附分子的表現量……………………………………………………………138 圖七、藉由抑制劑分析葡萄糖傳遞酶刺激內皮細胞產生IL-6和IL-8的傳導路徑,和NF-kB細胞核轉位分析……………………139 圖八、人類心臟纖維母細胞的鑑定與活化…………………………140 圖九、rGTFC和LPS刺激多形核球和單核球產生細胞激素和趨化激素……………………………………………………………141 圖十、IL-1β活化人類心臟纖維母細胞,促進多形核球和單核球的黏附與趨化…………………………………………………142 圖十一、艱難梭狀桿菌毒素A與轉糖鏈球菌的葡萄糖傳遞酶,羧基端胺基酸序列比對與純化蛋白質分析…………………….143 圖十二、rARU刺激內皮細胞產生細胞激素和趨化激素………….144 圖十三、在不同時間點下rARU促進內皮細胞產生趨化激素和黏附分子……………………………………………………………145 圖十四、rARU和rGTFC活化的內皮細胞趨化白血球……………146 圖十五、rARU刺激多形核球和單核球產生細胞激素和趨化激素……………………………………………………………147 圖十六、藉由抑制劑分析rARU刺激內皮細胞產生IL-6和IL-8的傳導路徑,和NF-kB細胞核轉位分析…………………………148 圖十七、鏈球菌的葡萄糖傳遞酶引起感染性心內膜炎的可能機制……………………………………………………………149 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 草綠色鏈球菌葡萄糖傳遞酶與內皮細胞的交互作用參與感染性心內膜炎的免疫致病機制 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Viridans streptococcal glucosyltransferases–endothelial cell interactions in the immunopathogenesis of infective endocarditis | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳振陽,劉世東,吳俊忠,謝世良,江伯倫,錢佑 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 轉糖鏈球菌,感染性心內膜炎,葡萄糖傳遞酶,細胞激素,內皮細胞,心臟纖維母細胞,艱難梭狀桿菌, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Streptococcus mutans,infective endocarditis,glucosyltransferase,interleukin,endothelial cell,cardiac fibroblast,Clostridium difficile, | en |
dc.relation.page | 149 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-24 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 微生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 微生物學科所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-95-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 3.32 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。