以space syntax(空間語法)分析施工要徑空間特性之研究

Abstract

營建工地中空間係一種有限資源，在營建工地因大量之人員、機具、物料必須同時於狹小之作業空間中施工，常造成作業空間不足以及工種重疊作業等衝突。由於在建物施工過程中每個位置的空間特性不同，而隨著工程進展，空間結構也隨之改變，因此在空間配置及空間衝突分析時應考量到空間特性。綜觀目前有關作業空間排程以及作業空間衝突分析之研究，多著重於衝突作業項目本身之影響，並未考慮到衝突作業空間與周邊環境之關係。 space syntax（空間語法）是由 Bill Hillier 教授於1984所研究發展之一門空間構成分析技術，此分析方法乃基於建築型態本身特有之空間型構內在組構邏輯理論，藉由對空間型構量化解析，以呈現、量化及解釋建築物及都市的空間結構，得以呈現潛藏於建築表層平面型態背後之深層組構特徵。對於空間結構之分析，space syntax之架構可以清楚定義不同衝突位置之空間特性，因此本研究將使用空間語法作為主要之研究方法，以求清楚了解不同衝突位置之空間特性。 本研究在設計作業完成後，首先利用space syntax 將空間模型轉化成拓樸結構，從而利用空間分析參數（spatial analysis parameters）評估空間屬性，並對拓樸結構之分析探討定義出施工工地的要徑空間。本研究以台北捷運CK570B區段標工程的010站為實際案例進行實地觀測，來作為本研究之實證，並探討動態施工平面空間建立拓樸結構之原則，以及如何將拓樸結構同時應用在施工(平面與立面)。 經由文獻的比較及工地的實際觀察，本研究提出施工空間以空間單元法分割之原則，及單元阻塞和流量累計作為要徑空間量化方法，並將單元阻塞和流量累計所得到的分析結果，與相對便捷值搭配使用，以作為作業空間衝突排除和作業空間使用的依據。

Space is a limited source at construction sites. Huge amount of people, machines, and materials have to be operated simultaneously in a narrow working space that results in conflicts such as space shortage and type of work in production overlap etc. Time-space conflict would affect proceeding and efficiency of construction. The characteristic of time-space should be considered referring to allocation and conflict analysis in terms of the location and construction process. So far researches related to time-space arrangement and conflict analysis most emphasize on the individual influence and didn’t consider the relationship with surroundings. Space syntax (1984, Bill Hillier) is a space composing analytical method. Based on the specific logical theory of inner organization of building type, this approach could apply with related type structure quantifying analytical software to display, quantify and explain the space structure in buildings. This study applies space syntax as principal method for it could define the space characteristics of different conflict points clearly. This study applies space syntax to transfer space model to topological structure after finishing design operations and evaluate spatial characteristic according to spatial analysis parameters. It defines critical space of construction sites from topological structure analysis and illustrate with real case of Taipei Mass Rapid Transportation CK570B section. The principles of setting up topological structure in dynamic 2-D construction flat surface and how to apply that in 2-D and 3-D construction surface are also investigated in this study. According to the comparison with recent researches and the construction site observation, this study advances that using Convex Space to divide the construction space and considering the convex blocking and the personal flow accumulating to quantify critical space. One of the most important significance in our study is to eliminate conflict and to arrange the construction space according to the analytic results obtained from the quantification above and the Integration Value.