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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 林嘉明 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yi-Chun Sun | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 孫意惇 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T04:16:15Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2006-07-31 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-31 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-25 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 1. Ying G-G, Williams B, Kookana R. Environmental fate of alkylphenols and
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Anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylates in digestor sludge, landfilled municipal solid waste, and landfilled sludge. Environmental Science & Technolgy 1999;33(2):301 -306. 8. Brunner PH, Silvio C, Antonio M, Walter G.Occurrence and behaviour of linear alkylbenzenesulphonates, nonylphenol, nonylphenol mono- and nonylphenol diethoxylates in sewage and sewage sludge treatment. Water Research 1988;22(12):1465-1472. 9. Giger W, Brunner PH, Schaffner C. 4-nonylphenol in sewage sludge: Accumulation of toxic metabolites from nonionic surfactants. Science 1984;225( 4662):623-625. 10. Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 1998; 65(1-6):143-150. 11. Hesselse M, Jensen D, Skals K, Olesen T. Degradation of 4-nonylphenol in homogeneous and nonhomogeneous mixtures of soil and sewage sludge. Environmental Science & Technology 2001;35(18):3695-3700. 12. White R, Jobling S, Hoare SA, Sumpter JP, Parker MG. Environmentally persistent alkylphenolic compounds are estrogenic. Endocrinology 1994;135(1):175-182. 13. 王正雄, 張小萍, 黃壬瑰, 李宜樺. 環境荷爾蒙-壬基苯氛殘留調查及其對雄 鯉魚生理效應之研究. 台灣公共衛生雜誌 2001;20(3):202-215. 14. Servos MR. Review of the aquatic toxicity, estrogenic responses and bioaccumulation of alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada 1999;34(1):123-177. 15. Belmont M, Ikonomou M, Metcalfe CD. Presence of nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in a watershed in central Mexico and removal from domestic sewage in a treatment wetland. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2006;25(1):29-35. 16. Tanghe T, Devriese G, Verstraete W. Nonylphenol and estrogenic activity in aquatic environmental samples. Journal of Environmental Quality 1999;28(2):702-709. 17. Hale RC, Smith CL, de Fur PO, Harvey E, Bush EO. Nonylphenols in sediments and effluents associated with diverse wastewater outfalls. Environmenta Toxicology and Chemistry 2000;19(4):946-952. 18. Lin JG, Arunkumar R, Liu CH. Efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction for determining 4-nonylphenol in municipal sewage sludge. Journal of Chromatography A 1999;840(1):71-79. 19. Tsuda T, Takino A, Kojima M, Harada H, Muraki K, Tsuji M. 4-Nonylphenols and 4-tert-octylphenol in water and fish from rivers flowing into Lake Biwa Chemosphere 2000;41(5):757-762. 20. Saito I, Onuki A, Seto H. Indoor air pollution by alkylphenols in Tokyo. Indoor Air 2004;14(5):325-332. 21. Guenther K, Heinke V, Thiele B, Kleist E. Endocrine disrupting nonylphenols are ubiquitous in food. Environmental Science & Technology 2002;36(8):1676-1680. 22. Loyo-Rosales JE, Rosales-Rivera GC, Lynch AM, Rice CP, Torrents A. Migration of nonylphenol from plastic containers to water and a milk surrogate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004;52(7):2016-2020. 23. Munch J. Determination of organic compounds in drinking water by liquid-solid extraction and capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. US EPA Standard Method 525.2: US EPA, 1995. 24. Alpendurada MD. Solid-phase microextraction: a promising technique for sample preparation in environmental analysis. Journal of Chromatography A 2000;889(1-2):3-14. 25. Rudel RA, Melly SJ, Geno PW, Sun G, Brody JG. Identification of alkylphenols and other estrogenic phenolic compounds in wastewater, septage, and groundwater on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Environmental Science & Technology 1998;32(7):861-869. 26. Vas G, Vekey K. Solid-phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2004;39(3):233-254. 27. 黃敬徳, 謝有蓉. 固相微萃取法. 科儀新知 1997;第十八卷(四期):59-67. 28. Braun P, Moeder M, Schrader S, Popp P, Kuschk R, Engewald W. Trace analysis of technical nonylphenol, bisphenol A and 17α-ethinylestradiol in wastewater using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2003;988(1):41-51. 29. Rodrigues MVN, Reyes FGR, Rehder VLG, Rath S. An SPME-GC-MS method for determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in medicinal plant infusions. Chromatographia 2005;61(5-6):291-297. 30. Carrillo JD, Garrido-Lopez A, Tena MT. Determination of volatile oak compounds in wine by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2006;1102(1-2):25-36. 31. Sanusi A, Guillet V, Montury M. Advanced method using microwaves and solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of pyrethroid residues in strawberries. Journal of Chromatography A 2004;1046(1-2):35-40. 32. Roy Rk. Design of experiments using the Taguchi approach：16 steps to product and process improvement. John Wiley & Sons Inc.2001 33. Latorre A, Lacorte S, Barcelo D, Montury M. Determination of nonylphenol and octylphenol in paper by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2005;1065:251-256. 34. Diaz A, Ventura F, Galceran MT. Development of a solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of short-ethoxy-chain nonylphenols and their brominated analogs in raw and treated water. Journal of Chromatography A 2002;963(1-2):159-167. 35. 田口氏分析軟體-Qualitek-4.Bocky Tech, Inc. 36. Ahel M, Giger W. Determination of alkylphenols and alkylphenol monoethoxylate and diethoxylate in environmental-samples by high-performance liquid-chromatography. Analytical Chemistry 1985;57(8):1577-1583. 37. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所. 環境檢驗品管分析執行指引(NIEA-PA104) 2004. 38. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所. 半揮發性有機物檢測方法-毛細管柱氣相層 析質譜儀法, 2002: http://www.niea.gov.tw/niea/REFSOIL/M73100C.htm 39. Jin X, Huang G, Jiang G, Zhou Q, Liu J. Distribution of 4-nonylphenol isomers in surface water of the Haihe River, People's Republic of China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2004;73(6):1109-1116. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/32815 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 壬基酚聚乙氧基醇類(nonylphenol polyethoxylate)為最常使用的非離子型界面活性劑，其在環境中經生物降解成壬基苯酚(nonylphenol)，污染水體及其他環境介質，成為受關注的環境荷爾蒙。需要方便及精確的分析方法，以利於該化合物的檢測。
本研究結合固相微萃取(solid-phase microextraction, SPME)及氣相層析質譜儀(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)發展可應用於檢測水中壬基苯酚的方法。使用50/30 µm Divinylbenzene-Carboxen-Polydimethylsiloxane 的纖維, 以SPME技術頂空萃取水中的壬基苯酚，並搭配GC-MS進行分析。樣品鹽析與酸化後，以田口氏實驗設計觀察濃度、溫度、轉速、平衡時間及萃取時間等變項的影響，進而決定最適萃取條件。 結果顯示，壬基苯酚的吸附量與濃度、溫度、轉速、平衡時間及萃取時間呈現正相關，其中以濃度與溫度影響最為顯著，影響程度分別佔37.52%與24.24%。認為最適萃取條件為溫度75℃、轉速600 rpm、平衡時間5分鐘及萃取時間30分鐘。在此萃取條件下，取實際水樣量測判定方法偵測極限為6.75 µg/L。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Nonylphenol (NP), the product of the non-ionic surfactant nonylpenol ethoxylate (NPEOs) through biodegradation, has been concerned because of its estrogenic properties and widespread contamination in water body and the other environmental media. It is needed to have a simple and accurate method for its determination.
This study coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of nonylphenol in water. The headspace extraction with 50/30 µm divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane fiber of SPME first and followed by analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was conducted. After salting and pH adjustment, the effects due to the parameters of concentration of nonylphenol, temperature, stirring rate, equilibrium time and extraction time were observed upon the experimental design of Taguchi approach. Thus, the optimum conditions were suggested. The results show that the amount of nonylphenol collected on the selected fiber was correlated with the concentration of nonylphenol, temperature, stirring rate, equilibrium time and extraction time. The two predominant contributors to variation were the concentration of nonylphenol (37.52%) and temperature (24.24%). The proposed optimum conditions were 5 minutes for equilibrium , 30 minutes for extraction at 65℃ and stirring at 600 rpm. Upon this optimum conditions, the method detection limit was 6.75 µg/L when it was applied on a field sample from Danshui River. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T04:16:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-R93844010-1.pdf: 534967 bytes, checksum: 465c22547da3f27fdf1cf4179d447638 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 I
Abstract II 致謝 III 目錄 Ⅳ 表目錄 Ⅶ 圖目錄 ..Ⅷ 第一章 緒論 1-1 前言 1 1-2 研究目的 1 1-3 研究架構 2 第二章 文獻回顧 2-1 壬基苯酚 3 2-1-1 壬基苯酚的來源 3 2-1-2 壬基苯酚的特性 5 2-1-3 壬基苯酚的環境流佈 7 2-1-4 國際列管現況 9 2-2 水中壬基苯酚的採樣分析 10 2-3 固相微萃取法 11 2-3-1 固相微萃取法基本原理介紹 11 2-3-2 儀器裝置及實驗步驟 12 2-3-3 影響固相微萃取效率之實驗參數 13 2-3-4 固相微萃取技術的應用 15 2-4 田口氏實驗設計法 16 第三章 材料與方法 3-1 儀器設備與試劑 20 3-1-1 儀器設備 20 3-1-2 試劑 20 3-2 製備標準溶液與設定GC-MS分析參數 21 3-2-1 製備標準溶液 21 3-2-2 設定GC-MS分析參數 22 3-3 建立檢量線 22 3-4 SPME頂空萃取及熱脫附條件之測試 23 3-4-1 熱脫附溫度及時間 23 3-4-2 田口氏實驗設計之執行及結果分析 24 3-4-3 平衡時間的測定 25 3-5 環境水樣應用之測試 25 3-5-1 選擇環境水體及前處理步驟 25 3-5-2 熱脫附溫度及時間 25 3-5-3 水體基質效應之比較 26 3-6 方法偵測極限 26 3-7 數據整理 27 第四章 實驗結果與討論 4-1 壬基苯酚分析之檢量 28 4-2 熱脫附時間測試 29 4-3 各控制變項對採樣表現的影響 29 4-3-1 纖維吸附量 29 4-3-2 濃度與萃取時間歸一之吸附量 30 4-4 平衡時間的影響 31 4-5 環境水體實際應用 31 第五章 結論................................................................................................................32 參考文獻......................................................................................................................33 表目錄 表 2-1 壬基苯酚的物理化學基本特性.....................................................................38 表 2-2 台灣地區河川水質壬基苯酚濃度調查統計表(2000年) .............................39 表 2-3 台灣地區河川底泥壬基苯酚濃度調查統計表(2000年) .............................40 表 2-4 各國對於壬基苯酚管制情形.........................................................................40 表 2-5 水中壬基苯酚常見的分析方法之文獻整理.................................................41 表 2-6 液相液相萃取、固相萃取與固相微萃取之操作步驟..................................43 表 2-7 纖維種類的選擇.............................................................................................44 表 2-8 調整pH值和氯化鈉對萃取的影響...............................................................45 表 3-1 研究設計與選用之直交表(L16 array)............................................................46 表 4-1 SPME頂空萃取壬基苯酚之測試結果(以纖維吸附量表示)........................47 表 4-2 SPME纖維以頂空萃取壬基苯酚之吸附量影響因子變異數分析 ..............48 表 4-3 SPME頂空萃取壬基苯酚之測試結果(以濃度與萃取時間歸一之吸附 量表示).............................................................................................................49 圖目錄 圖 2-1 NPEO之降解途徑示意圖................................................................................4 圖 2-2 固相微萃取裝置圖.........................................................................................50 圖 3-1 頂空萃取及熱脫附流程圖.............................................................................51 圖 3-2 壬基苯酚和內標之積分面積比的標準差對添加濃度作圖之示意.............52 圖 3-3 壬基苯酚和內標之積分面積比對添加濃度作圖之檢量線示意.................52 圖 4-1 壬基苯酚與內標之圖譜.................................................................................53 圖 4-2 壬基苯酚檢量線.............................................................................................54 圖 4-3 利用標準添加法添加至去離子水之檢量線.................................................55 圖 4-4 壬基苯酚和內標之積分面積比的標準差對添加濃度作圖.........................56 圖 4-5 壬基苯酚和內標之積分面積比對添加濃度作圖之檢量線.........................56 圖 4-6 脫附效率測試結果(去離子水) ......................................................................57 圖 4-7 SPME纖維採集壬基苯酚之吸附量與影響因子的關係 ..............................58 圖 4-8 平衡時間測試.................................................................................................59 圖 4-9 脫附效率測試結果(河川水)..........................................................................60 圖 4-10 利用標準添加法添加至淡水河河川水之檢量線.......................................61 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | Divinylbenzene-Carboxen-Polydimethylsiloxane | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 壬基苯酚 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 固相微萃取 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Divinylbenzene-Carboxen-Polydimethylsiloxane | en |
| dc.subject | solid-phase microextraction | en |
| dc.subject | nonylphenol | en |
| dc.title | 以固相微萃取法及氣相層析-質譜儀檢測水中微量之4-壬基苯酚 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Determination of 4-Nonylphenol in Water by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 洪益夫,蔡詩偉 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 壬基苯酚,固相微萃取,Divinylbenzene-Carboxen-Polydimethylsiloxane, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | nonylphenol,solid-phase microextraction,Divinylbenzene-Carboxen-Polydimethylsiloxane, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 61 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-25 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境衛生研究所 | |
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