製藥產業發展模式研究—以生物科技公司和跨國性製藥公司為例

Abstract

生物科技的發展可追溯至七十年代，由早期單一小型研究機構慢慢堀起，直至今日的規模甚至可和跨國性製藥集團相抗衡，成為醫藥產業發展上不可或缺的一股力量；同一時期跨國性製藥集團正為新藥發展停滯，而主要獲利來源的產品專利權過期而苦惱。由於生物科技改變發明與發展新醫藥的方法，提供更精準、更有效的預防與治療。此一趨勢適時地填補大型製藥公司維持高獲利的來源，為陷入困境的製藥公司解決了燃眉之急，成為近期製藥產業發展的主流。 本研究之目的在於介紹傳統製藥產業與新興生技製藥業的發展與競合。其中分析製藥產業特性包括： 一、產品研發期長，且受高度法規管制。 二、資金投入龐大，風險與相對報酬高。 三、垂直分工細密、產業價值鏈長。 隨著新藥開發門檻提高，而學名藥又積極入侵主要疾病市場，嚴重壓縮跨國性原開發性藥廠利潤和生存。加以近來生物科技的導入和利基市場的堀起，如癌症、罕見疾病等等，正好吸引了製藥集團與生技資金的大舉投入；讓製藥產業在經歷九十年代的購併風潮後，掀起另一波製藥產業的整合，而其中包含傳統製藥公司、生物科技公司及區域學名藥品公司的競合等等。 本研究希望就上述分析的結果，提供對二十一世紀最重要的明星產業有興趣的同好一個切入的參考。

The development of biotechnology could be traced back in 1970s and it started from small size institution with research-based competency. Till now, the developing business scale of total biotech companies even competes with the business of multinational pharmaceutical companies. The biotechnology has become a concrete growth driver within pharmaceutical industry; meantime, the multinational pharmaceutical companies are suffered from the patents expiration of major products and bothered with the lag behind of new drug launch. Due to the methodology of biotech is differ from traditional pattern to develop new drugs or modify existing ones, the biotechnology provides a more precise and more efficient way in disease treatment and prevention. The innovative approach from the biotech companies timely releases the tension of some multinational pharmaceutical companies in poor product portfolio. The strong growth of the biotechnology companies provides a solution from Big Pharma's struggling and also recognizes a mainstream in current pharmaceutical industry development. The objective of the thesis will focus on introducing the cooperation and competition within two major players - the traditional pharmaceutical company and the emerging biotechnology company. The thesis will cover the feature analysis of pharmaceutical industry. It includes the topics as follows, 1. Long R&D period and highly regulated by government policy 2. Huge investment behind high risk and high profit return 3. Meticulous vertical integration and long-extended industry value chain In order to react the higher threshold in drug development and defense the market share erosion due to the generics penetrate into major disease market, the multinational pharmaceutical companies face the critical challenge of margin lose and struggling for survival. Attribute to the fast development of biotechnology and niche market growth like cancer, rare disease…etc.) After suffer the merger and acquirement in 1990s, the multinational pharmaceutical groups and biotech venture capitals heavy invested in the emerging biotechnology institutions / companies to trigger a new trend of integration within pharmaceutical industry. This wave of industry reorganization will involve the traditional pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and regional generics companies especially. Expect to share the finding with peoples who are interested in the most important industry of the twenty-first century.