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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 王根樹 | |
dc.contributor.author | Shih-Peng Lai | en |
dc.contributor.author | 賴士鵬 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T03:51:51Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2006-07-31 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-31 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-25 | |
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Thomas, J.M., et al., The fate of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in an aquifer storage and recovery program, Las Vegas, Nevada. Ground Water, 2000. 38(4): p. 605-614. 27. Landmeyer, J.E., P.M. Bradley, and J.M. Thomas, Biodegradation of disinfection byproducts as a potential removal process during aquifer storage recovery. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2000. 36(4): p. 861-867. 28. Speight, V.L. and P.C. Singer, Association between residual chlorine loss and HAA reduction in distribution systems. Journal American Water Works Association, 2005. 97(2): p. 82-91. 29. Baribeau, H., et al., Impact of biomass on the stability of HAAs and THMs in a simulated distribution system. Journal American Water Works Association, 2005. 97(2): p. 69-81. 30. Zhou, H.J. and Y.F.F. Xie, Using BAC for HAA removal - Part 1: Batch study. Journal American Water Works Association, 2002. 94(4): p. 194-200. 31. Xie, Y.F.F. and H.J. Zhou, Use of BAC for HAA removal - Part 2, column study. Journal American Water Works Association, 2002. 94(5): p. 126-134. 32. Wobma, P., et al., Biological filtration for ozone and chlorine DBP removal. Ozone-Science & Engineering, 2000. 22(4): p. 393-413. 33. Bellamy, W.D., et al., Removing Giardia Cysts with Slow Sand Filtration. Journal American Water Works Association, 1985. 77(2): p. 52-60. 34. Ellis, K.V. and M.E. Aydin, Penetration of Solids and Biological-Activity into Slow Sand Filters. Water Research, 1995. 29(5): p. 1333-1341. 35. Yao, K.M., M.M. Habibian, and C.R. Omelia, Water and Waste Water Filtration - Concepts and Applications. Environmental Science & Technology, 1971. 5(11): p. 1105-&. 36. Bahgat, M., A. Dewedar, and A. Zayed, Sand-filters used for wastewater treatment: Buildup and distribution of microorganisms. Water Research, 1999. 33(8): p. 1949-1955. 37. Sabbah, I., et al., Intermittent sand filtration for wastewater treatment in rural areas of the Middle East - a pilot study. Water Science and Technology, 2003. 48(11-12): p. 147-152. 38. Eighmy, T.T., et al., Microbial-Populations, Activities and Carbon Metabolism in Slow Sand Filters. Water Research, 1992. 26(10): p. 1319-1328. 39. Wang, J.Z., R.S. Summers, and R.J. Miltner, Biofiltration Performance.1. Relationship to Biomass. Journal American Water Works Association, 1995. 87(12): p. 55-63. 40. Moll, D.M., R.S. Summers, and A. Breen, Microbial characterization of biological filters used for drinking water treatment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1998. 64(7): p. 2755-2759. 41. Calvo-Bado, L.A., et al., Spatial and temporal analysis of the microbial community in slow sand filters used for treating horticultural irrigation water. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003. 69(4): p. 2116-2125. 42. McMeen, C.R. and M.M. Benjamin, NOM removal by slow sand filtration through iron oxide-coated olivine. Journal American Water Works Association, 1997. 89(2): p. 57-71. 43. WeberShirk, M.L. and R.I. Dick, Physical-chemical mechanisms in slow sand filters. Journal American Water Works Association, 1997. 89(1): p. 87-100. 44. WeberShirk, M.L. and R.I. Dick, Biological mechanisms in slow sand filters. Journal American Water Works Association, 1997. 89(2): p. 72-83. 45. Woudneh, M.B., B. Lloyd, and D. Stevenson, The behaviour of 2,4-D as it filters through slow sand filters. Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-Aqua, 1997. 46(3): p. 144-149. 46. Rooklidge, S.J., E.R. Burns, and J.P. Bolte, Modeling antimicrobial contaminant removal in slow sand filtration. Water Research, 2005. 39(2-3): p. 331-339. 47. Li, S., et al., Formation and evolution of haloacetic acids in drinking water of Beijing city. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part a-Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 2001. 36(4): p. 475-481. 48. Hozalski, R.M., L. Zhang, and W.A. Arnold, Reduction of haloacetic acids by Fe-0: Implications for treatment and fate. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001. 35(11): p. 2258-2263. 49. Korshin, G.V. and M.D. Jensen, Electrochemical reduction of haloacetic acids and exploration of their removal by electrochemical treatment. Electrochimica Acta, 2001. 47(5): p. 747-751. 50. Wu, W.W., M.M. Benjamin, and G.V. Korshin, Effects of thermal treatment on halogenated disinfection by-products in drinking water. Water Research, 2001. 35(15): p. 3545-3550. 51. Prochaska, C.A. and A.I. Zouboulis, Performance of intermittently operated sand filters: A comparable study, treating wastewaters of different origins. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2003. 147(1-4): p. 367-388. 52. Zhang, X.R. and R.A. Minear, Decomposition of trihaloacetic acids and formation of the corresponding trihalomethanes in drinking water. Water Research, 2002. 36(14): p. 3665-3673. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/32479 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 加氯消毒由於使用技術成熟、成本低廉且於配水系統中保有餘氯等優點,目前仍是淨水廠主要之消毒方式。然而許多研究指出,含氯消毒劑會與水中天然背景有機物反應,而產生消毒副產物(Disinfection By-Products,DBPs),其中三鹵甲烷(Trihalomethanes,THMs)為主要副產物,其次則為含鹵乙酸(Haloacetic Acids,HAAs)。由於其對健康上之危害,因此美國環保署於1998年訂定消毒劑與消毒副產物法加以管制。過去由於HAA分析方法繁複及各物種於環境中濃度低,於管制上有其困難,但近年來由於分析方法進步,使得HAA逐漸被重視。
慢濾池為最古老淨水設備之一,由於其成本低廉及出水水質佳,至今於許多小型供水廠仍繼續使用。由於慢濾池濾程長,隨操作時間增加會於濾砂表層產生生物膜,因此慢濾池之去除機制除物理吸附過濾之外,另外還有生物作用。然而在探討兩種機制對於有機物去除之影響,相關研究甚少,尤其對於消毒副產物方面更為缺乏。 本研究之目的為透過管柱實驗、批次實驗及實場採樣分析以瞭解HAA於慢濾池中被移除之現象,分別觀察物理吸附過濾以及生物作用於其中所扮演之角色。另外比較慢濾池不同操作情況對於HAA去除之影響。 研究結果顯示,生物作用為慢濾池中造成HAA濃度大幅下降之主要機制,且降解速率與含鹵素多寡有關,含越多鹵素者,降解速率越慢;而單純過濾並無法有效去除親水性之HAA。透過實場濾砂批次實驗可知,濾砂上之微生物對於降解HAA貢獻較大,且能於短時間內降解一鹵及二鹵乙酸。另外利用活性碳之方式,於操作初期1個半月可有效去除HAA,去除率大於90%。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Chlorination is commonly used in water treatment processes to prevent the water from microbial contamination. However, many studies show that chlorination resulted in disinfection by-products(DBPs), and some of DBPs could cause adverse health effects. In general, trihalomethanes(THMs)are the major group of DBPs and haloacetic acids(HAAs)are the second. Concerns regarding the health effects of HAAs led the USEPA to promulgate the Stage 1 D/DBP rule that regulate the HAA5 at a MCL at 60μg/L.
Slow sand filtration(SSF) is one of the oldest water treatment processes that still been operated in small communities. Because of the long operation period, biofilm can be developed on the surface of the sand. For that reason, SSF has both physical-chemical and biological removal mechanisms for both particulate and organic removal. However, there are few studies focusing on organic matter removal in the SSF, especially for DBPs removal. The objectives of this study were to investigate the roles of physical-chemical and biological removal mechanisms for HAA removal through column study, batch study and field study, by using different experimental conditions to evaluate HAA removal in the SSF. The results indicate that biological process was the major mechanism for HAA removal, and biodegradation rates of HAA decreased as the number of halogen atoms increased. However, single filtration could not remove HAA efficiently. The batch sand studies revealed that microbial associated with filter sand could degrade monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid within 1 day. Furthermore, active carbon adsorption can efficiently remove HAA and no HAA breakthrough was observed after 6 weeks of operation. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T03:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-R92844017-1.pdf: 1283862 bytes, checksum: afd80ca35062554f694e320a40ff1149 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 i
Abstract ii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 viii 第一章 前言 1 1-1研究背景 1 1-2研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 3 2-1 水中含鹵乙酸之分類 3 2-2水中含鹵乙酸之來源及危害 3 2-3水中含鹵乙酸特性 5 1、含鹵乙酸物化特性 5 2、含鹵乙酸生物降解特性 8 (1)微生物學研究 8 (2)環境觀察 9 (3)飲用水系統 14 2-4慢濾池特性 15 1、慢濾池簡介 15 2、慢濾池操作原則 15 3、慢濾池去除機制及特性 16 4、慢濾池中微生物特性 17 5、慢濾池對有機物之去除 19 2-5以非傳統處理流程去除含鹵乙酸 20 1、生物性活性碳 20 2、非生物方式 21 第三章 研究方法 22 3-1 藥品 22 3-2 儀器設備 25 3-3 實驗步驟 26 1、管柱實驗 26 2、批次實驗 33 3-4 分析方法 37 3-5 管柱架設與操作 39 3-6 樣本採集 40 第四章 結果與討論 41 4-1管柱實驗 41 1、管柱實驗(一) 41 (1)不同流速之影響 41 (2)不同濾料之影響 44 (3)不同初始濃度之影響 47 2、管柱實驗(二) 50 (1)比較植菌與抑制生物之影響 50 (2)不同濾料之影響 57 (3)不同初始濃度之影響 60 3、管柱實驗(三) 61 (1) 比較實場濾砂與實驗室植菌濾砂 61 (2)不同基質之影響 65 4、管柱實驗(四) 66 (1)不同接觸時間之影響 66 (2) 不同初始濃度及物種之差異 70 5、管柱實驗小結 72 4-2批次實驗 75 1、模擬混凝、沈澱及過濾對含鹵乙酸之去除 75 2、實場慢濾砂對於含鹵乙酸之生物降解性 77 3、慢濾池水中懸浮微生物對含鹵乙酸之生物降解性 84 4-3 實場數據 85 比較慢濾池與其他處理流程對於含鹵乙酸去除效率 85 第五章 結論與建議 88 5-1結論 88 1.過濾於慢濾池中之作用 88 2.生物活性於慢濾池中之作用 88 5-2 建議 88 第六章 參考文獻 89 附錄 93 附錄1、管柱實驗(一)之含鹵乙酸結果 94 附錄2、管柱實驗(一)之有機物結果 96 附錄3、管柱實驗(二)之含鹵乙酸結果 101 附錄4、管柱實驗(二)之有機物結果 111 附錄5、管柱實驗(三)之含鹵乙酸結果 113 附錄6、管柱實驗(四)之含鹵乙酸結果 118 附錄7、實場濾砂批次實驗之含鹵乙酸結果 123 附錄8、張氏[4],2004年3月於金門地區水廠含鹵乙酸採樣分析結果 128 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 含鹵乙酸於慢濾處理流程降解特性之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Characteristics of Haloacetic Acids Degradation with Slow Sand Filtration | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林嘉明,駱尚廉,林財富 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 慢濾池,含鹵乙酸,降解, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | slow sand filtration,haloacetic acids,degradation, | en |
dc.relation.page | 130 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-26 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境衛生研究所 |
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