台北市野鳥學會解說義(志)工制度之研究

Abstract

民間團體在政府與民眾間扮演著橋樑、媒介的重要角色，發揮傳播、協調、整合的功能，協助各種工作的完成。台北鳥會為國內迭有聲名且具歷史的保育團體，其擁有為數眾多的解說義工，提供解說服務與推廣環境教育工作，在自然保育和環境教育扮演著積極重要的角色。本研究以台北野鳥學會為個案，主要採取質性研究法，以參與觀察、非正式訪談及深度訪談等方式收集資料，並將田野收集到的相關資料譯碼分析，來研究台北鳥會的解說義工制度，以探討瞭解保育團體的義工招募、培育與運用。 本研究義工義工義工義工發現台北鳥會義工透過「帶隊解說」培養實務經驗；參與「鳥會舉辦解說活動」；「野外賞鳥觀察」進行野鳥辨識和生態觀察；持續提供「進修課程」給解說義工進修機會；閱讀書本，自修方式，來養成解說義工的專業能力。義工義工扮演推廣鳥會理念的角色；協助鳥會的代辦解說服務，收集來自民間、政府和企業的資源；同時節省鳥會人力成本；協助組織的義工管理；培育鳥會未來的義工等。而透過團隊職務安排，資深和資淺搭配制度；持續培訓課程和義（志）工經驗分享；刊登解說義工「姓名」，由義工建立自己的解說品牌特色，來控管解說的品質。在義（志）工的組織管理上，台北鳥會每年辦理冠羽班持續培養義（志）工，而以班級為單位除有效推動認養服務工作外，對志（義）工彼此情感的維繫也大有助益。另外，台北鳥會也會適時公開表揚志（義）工，從滿足其成就感與歸屬感需求，來維繫會裡的志（義）工。

Non governmental organizations can play as the bridge and medium between the government and the people to communicate and negotiate each other, integrate resources and to make many work done. The Taipei Wild Bird Society is a famous domestic conservation organization of long history, and with plenty of volunteers on interpretation services and environmental education which is very crucial to natural conservation and environmental education in Taiwan. This study uses Taipei Wild Bird Society as a case study to study its volunteer interpreter system. It adopts qualitative methods, such as participant observation, informal interview and deep interview to collect field materials, and reassemble the storyline by coding the materials. This study finds that the Taipei Wild Bird Society trains the volunteer interpreters by assigning them being the guides of bird watching activities, participating activities, bird watching and ecological observation, joining advanced training courses and self-reading. These volunteers are those who sell the ideas and visions of Taipei Wild Bird Society. They can broaden the collection and competition of resources from the publics, industrial sector and the government for this society, save investments and costs of this society on operation, and assist it with managing and training volunteers. The ways for this society to control the quality of interpretation include, arranging works by groups, mixing senior and junior ones on duty, conducting continuous training courses, experiences sharing and posting names of interpreters on advertisement sheet to build up personal credits. In regards to volunteer organization and management, this society has training courses annually. The volunteers then can work and communicate with each other by the unit of the course. Also this society shall praise volunteers of excellence to satisfy the psychological demands and belongings of volunteers.