不同時期地形圖等高線品質研究

Abstract

地圖，是地理學最重要的模型，也是地理學的語言。所有的地圖種類中，從最初的戰略意義，到近代的學術研究，最常拿的底圖，就是地形圖；其中，又以等高線圖最為普遍。然而，這些等高線的繪製方式，常常是經過測量之後，再以人工繪製於地形圖上，種種的人為操作，避免不了的就是誤差的出現。這些誤差的出現是不是有其規則性，或是因為測量的方式不同而產生相同性質的誤差，這就是本研究想要去探討的問題。 從日治時期起，台灣地區存有許多不同時期的地形圖。早年最具代表性的地形圖包括1904年的台灣堡圖及1920年代的台灣地形圖，其後陸續有聯勤的地形圖與近代的經建版地形圖。這些不同年代的地形圖，有著不同的測繪方法繪製和背景。同一地區的地圖，其等高線不見得一樣。顯示這些等高線中，隱藏著誤差。本研究就將這些誤差做一番統計，檢視等高線資料品質的特性。

A map is the most important geographic model as well as a language of geography. In all kinds of maps – from the initial strategic meaning to the recent academic research, the base maps that have been used the most frequently are topographic maps, where contour maps are the most common maps among those topographic maps. However, the ways of drawing contours are using measurements and then drawing them on the maps artificially. It is hard to avoid the appearance of errors in such manual operation. The questions that this research is going to study are whether the appearances of errors are on a regularity basis and whether different measurement methods result the same types of errors. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many series of topographic maps have been drawn in different years. The most representative topographic maps include the maps published in 1904 and 1920.Thereafter, the Combined Logistics Command continuously drew new maps based on those older maps. These topographic maps were drawn using various surveys and drawing methods. Therefore, the contours of a same area may have different contour patterns, suggesting that existing errors may be hiding within. This research is aimed to inspect the differences in these maps and explore the sources of errors.