試探林務局生態旅遊政策及實作－以東眼山森林遊樂區為例

Abstract

東眼山國家森林遊樂區位於桃園縣復興鄉，是北橫旅遊線重要據點之一，雖然東眼山國家森林遊樂區設施開發較其他林務局轄管之國家森林遊樂區較晚，然而因靠近大台北都會區(台北、桃園、新竹)，自然環境資源豐富多元，因此早已是大眾旅遊的著名景點之一，且也是行政院永續會「生態旅遊白皮書」內定義的生態旅遊地，因此，對於在研究林務局推動生態旅遊計畫，將會有代表性。 本研究主要是藉由生態旅遊的定義、內涵、經營面向、活動深度、發展策略及推動機制等相關文獻資料進行回顧分析，認為生態旅遊包含「環境資源經營管理機制建置」、「遊客服務及學習教育」、「促進產業發展」、「社區參與及尊重在地文化」等四個面向。經檢視林務局推動計畫內容，其發展策略及具體措施，尚符合生態旅遊的定義及原則。 另外，採用質化研究方法，對管理處焦點人物，及仲介旅遊業者進行訪談有關個案生態旅遊活動推廣的經營管理及發展現況所得的結果：整體而言，林務局在推動生態旅遊工作以「環境資源經營管理機制建置」面向及「遊客服務及學習教育」面向的執行的工作較為完整且成效最好。其餘「促進產業發展」面向及「社區參與及尊重在地文化」面向的推動執行成效則較為不足。推測執行較為不足的部份，可能是因為其他產業的營運目標不一定與生態旅遊發展相符，因此在合作機制及理念溝通部份有較多的障礙必須突破；而社區的發展則視社區居民的意願而定，管理處只能提供輔導諮詢，因此進程會較為緩慢。而經營管理成效相對較好的「環境資源經營管理機制建置」及「遊客服務及學習教育」的二個面向，可能與其林業經營及注重遊客服務與環境教育目標有關。 在生態旅遊活動策劃的部份，目前東眼山森林遊樂區的活動類型大多以東滿步道登山健行活動及區內自然體驗活動為主，依照Miller跟 Kaae(1993)定義的生態旅遊深度來看，屬於「被動的謀求減低環境損害的旅遊行為」，仍屬一般淺層的生態旅遊。但是研究又發現東滿步道的生態旅遊活動因為交通的不便性，讓遊客充滿興趣，參加意願提高，因此應該速訂定遊客承載量，實施管理，安排深度生態導覽及環境教育解說。 最後，在研究探討後發現未來林務局推動生態旅遊計畫應該： (一) 儘速辦理森林遊樂區內長期生態資源調查及研究，建立物候資料，作為未來森林遊樂區永續經營之參考。 (二) 繼續推動生態旅遊活動委外工作並研擬生態旅遊活動分級計畫以深化遊客的環境倫理意識。

This study explored the executed result of Taiwan Forestry Bureau ecotourism policy. For my project, to select the famous recreation area at the Northern Taiwan-Dongyanshan national forest recreation area basis on personal experience and professional work need. Dongyanshan national forest recreation area is located at Fusing Township, Taoyuan county, is a important spot of North CI Highway Scenic Route. Although Dongyanshan national forest recreation area was development later than other, however, it is next to the Taipei metropolis (Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu ),it has rich and diversity natural resources was attract great quantity tourist, that cause the quality of tourism drop down，income recession. The manager department has to improve this situation. Fortunately, the Economic and social Council proclamation of 2002 as the international year of Ecotourism(IYE) in1998. The Taiwan government has proclamation of 2002 as the tour year of Ecotourism in Taiwan. Taiwan Forestry Bureau has began to conduct the ecotourism and environmental education in the same time, flow the development goal of forest recreation area. The study is want to figure out how the ecotourism program driving, including the travel process, goal, result, and solve the manage problem. We interview the manager and agency owner, collect data, and design the consumer experience satisfaction and aware of ecotourism questionnaire to investigate tourist. The research methods are literature review, participant observation, in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey. We have find in travel active arrangement, was cooperate with travel agency and individual nature education studio. To rely on the agency to design program of tourism, the government department is focus on the principles of ecotourism：to maintain environmental ecological, respect local culture, improve local economical, improve consumer experience satisfaction, ecological interpretation, environmental ethics education. The result can not be quantification, because there is not set up the capacity. The other thing, there is no measure standard of environmental education and ecological interpretation, but in tourist view they consider the programs are connected both of ecological and recreation, and they acceptance highly. Finally, National forest recreation area will be to transform nature education center, for the ecotourism products marketing, tourist manage and the national forest recreation area sustainable management, the most important is doing the environmental monitoring and measure the ecological capacity.