運用探針車與空間分析方法於市區道路服務水準評估之研究 －以桃園縣蘆竹鄉中正路至南崁路路段為例

Abstract

目前道路服務水準評估、旅行時間預估等相關研究，在行車速率推估上多以路面上佈設之車輛偵測器（VD）所蒐集之資訊為主，但VD之埋設需經路面挖掘、VD佈設、重鋪柏油等程序，佈設不容易且損壞率偏高，亦普遍存在維護困難的問題；儘管已有諸多研究開始利用AVI、資料融合、RFID等技術，增進以VD為交通資訊蒐集主要來源之研究成果，但仍多因資訊蒐集成本較高，無法進行全面性應用。尤其在市區道路上，受限於地方政府經費與管轄範圍，VD無論在密度與數量上，都無法滿足現今資訊蒐集精度之要求，因此若能透過探針車提供交通管理上所需之相關數據，實為成本較低且應用性更廣之選擇；另一方面，市區道路由於交通狀況複雜，加上交通號誌的影響，欲利用探針車推估路段行駛速率與道路服務水準，勢必需針對車輛實際旅行以及車輛停等之時間與範圍，加以區隔與釐清，方可還原實際狀況。 爰此，本研究與清雲科技大學運籌管理研究中心合作，利用20輛桃園亞通客運車輛作為本研究之探針車，並自2004/06/01至2004/06/30期間所累積之大量時空資料中，運用SuperGIS與GeoDa等工具，並結合空間型態分析方法，選取桃園縣蘆竹鄉中正路至南崁路路段，實際推算於市區道路行駛之停等熱點與範圍，研究結果顯示透過較高時、空解像力之長時間探針車資料，不僅可有效區隔出車輛實際旅行以及車輛停等之時間與範圍，該停等範圍經實際驗證，準確率高達82.8%，同時誤判率與漏判率則分別低達11.1%與15.8%，亦可於無VD之市區道路路段內估算出可靠之路段行駛速率，其推算出之市區道路服務水準可作為相關單位在交通管理與施政之參考。

In the related researches of highway service level and travel time estimation, which have been mainly focused on how to spread out the Vehicle Detectors(VD) in order to detect the velocity of the vehicles. Spreading the Vehicle Detectors, which is difficult to execute, consists of the following procedures : road digging, VDs spreading, and road reconstruction. Moreover, the as mentioned procedures could damage the backtops. To apply the procedures in downtown area is even more laborious, due to the limited resource(time and fund) and controls from local authorities. As a consequence, the unsufficient density and numbers of VDs could not well serve the information collecting standards. In spite of using AVI, Data Fusion, and RFID techniques to improve the research which use VD for the main data collector, the high cost of data collection is still an obstacle to comprehensive application. Using probe vehicle providing the related data for traffic management would be a much economic and efficient method. On the other hand, the complex traffic conditions in downtown area, and also the influences of traffic lights, make it difficult to apply probe vehicle method to evaluate the service quality for traffic roads and t o estimate traveling time. Therefore, the actual travel time and distance of the vehicle has to be further identified in order to reconstruct the real situation of traffic condition. This research is collaborated with Logistics Management Center at Ching-Yun University. Data of research is collected and performed by using OBU, which is set on the probe vehicle from Tao-Yuan Ya-Tung Customer Bus Company. Three hundred thousand records have been collected from 2004/06/01 till 2004/06/30 from the vehicles running in the area from Tao-Yuan Lou-Chu County Chung-Cheng road to Nan-Kan road . We have used the methodology and technology of Geography Information System (GIS) and Spatial Data Mining to evaluate the service quality for the probe vehicle at the downtown areas. The research indicates that by using higher and deeper imagination data, we may not only separate the time and scope of vehicle traveling and stopping time, but also estimate the reliable average traveling velocity for the vehicles without VDs at the downtown area, the service quality data for the traffic road could be a good reference for related traffic management authorities.