中共後冷戰時期的睦鄰政策

Abstract

本文嘗試從歷史變遷的角度，分析與探討中共後冷戰時期的睦鄰政策。相應於不同的歷史環境與政經變遷，中共總共推行過三波的睦鄰政策來處理周邊國家關係與問題。中共的三波睦鄰政策，其共通的目的之一，就是建構一個和平穩定的周邊環境。然而，有別於前二波的睦鄰政策，中共後冷戰的睦鄰政策另外一個目的，則是協助中共成為海陸霸權。就中共第三波的睦鄰政策整體的發展而言，可區分為三個階段。第一個階段為「從陸地走向海洋」(1992-1995)，中共一方面積極解決周邊的邊界領土爭議，避免再次捲入與周邊國家的軍事衝突；另一方面則開始對美、日為代表的海洋勢力，進行「反和平演變」，並進一步佈建「三個三角」的海洋戰略，嘗試將東亞的海洋國家整合進其政經軍網絡。第二個階段為「海陸並進」(1996-1999)，中共開始積極參與多邊外交與強調區域合作，在海洋方面進一步強化與東協國家的關係，在陸地方面拉攏俄羅斯與中亞國家的大陸勢力，並提出「新安全觀」統合海陸兩股勢力。第三個階段為「中美海陸爭霸」(2000-2006)，從2000年開始，中共開始推動「西部大開發戰略」，將原有的外向型經濟發展模式，重新調整為「全國一盤棋」式的均衡發展，並為中共在亞洲爭霸作準備。2003年底，中共正式形成亞洲爭霸戰略—和平崛起，正式追求海陸強權的地位。

This article seeks to analyze and explore China’s “Good-Neighbor Policy” in the post-cold war era. Because of different political and economic changes, China has developed three waves of “Good-Neighbor Policy”. Three waves of “Good-Neighbor Policy” have one common purpose to create a safe and peaceful periphery. But China’s “Good-Neighbor Policy” in the post-cold war era has an another purpose to make China become a sea and land hegemony. The third wave of “Good-Neighbor Policy” could be divided into three stages. During the firs stage “From Sea to Land (1992-1995)”, in order to avoid military conflicts, China manages to solve territory and boundary controversies with peripheral countries. On the other hand, China seeks to counter “Peaceful Revolution” by U.S. and Japan. At the same time, China develops “Three Triangles Strategy” to integrate East Asia-Sea countries into its influential nets. During the second stage “Sea and Land side by side (1996-1999)”, China participates in multinational diplomacy and emphasizes regional cooperation. China promotes “New Security Concept” to win support from Russia, ASEAN and central Asia countries. During the third stage “Sino-U.S. sea-and-land rivalry(2000-2006)”, after 2000 AD, China prepares to struggle for hegemony in Asia. As a result, China adjusts the outward economic strategy to a balanced economic strategy. In late 2003, China develops a strategy for Asian hegemony—“Peaceful Rise”. China has been on the journey to sea-and-land hegemony.