台灣產綿棗兒生物學之研究

Abstract

本文是研究台灣北部野柳地區綿棗兒的生物學。研究內容包括:綿棗兒的物候學、綿棗兒生育地的植群分析、綿棗兒種子的發芽試驗等。設立3個0.5 × 0.5 m2的長期樣區觀察綿棗兒的物候變化。植群上的研究設立了63個面積為1 m2的樣區，調查其內的物種種類及其覆蓋度，作為綿棗兒生育地的植群分析之用。種子發芽方面為採取綿棗兒成熟種子544顆，分別播種於五個發芽試驗區，作發芽試驗。而試驗結果則為深坑地區的發芽率最高，台大地區的發芽率為最低。 物候學觀察顯示，綿棗兒開花期於九月中旬到十一月上旬；結實期則為十月中旬到十一月底；種子成熟期則為十月底到十二月上旬；種子發芽期則為一月底到二月中旬。植群調查結果使用TWINSPAN與DCA分析，可將63個樣區分為14型: 1.高麗芝型；2.草海桐型；3.南美蟛蜞菊型；4.狗尾草型；5.海雀稗-綿棗兒型；6.馬唐-綿棗兒型；7.台灣蘆竹-綿棗兒型；8.兩耳草-雙花蟛蜞菊型；9.細葉麥門冬-綿棗兒型；10.沿階草型； 11.野牡丹-綿棗兒型； 12. 海金沙-綿棗兒型； 13.鬼針草-綿棗兒型；14.綿棗兒型。 綿棗兒具藥用、觀賞等價值，在台灣地區分布數量已相當稀少，盼本研究結果能成為保育決策之參考。

The aim of this study tried to research biological characters, such as phenological observation, seed germination and vegetative analysis of Barnardia japonica at Yaliou area, northern Taiwan. Three 0.5 m × 0.5 m long-term plots and sixty-three 1 m2 plots were set up for penological observation and vegetative analysis respectively at study area. We collected 544 mature seeds of Barnardia japonica from research plots. The seeds were sowed at five different experimental places, such as Yaliou (2 places), campus of the university and San-ken for germinated tests; and it revealed that the percentage of seed germination was highest at San-ken and lowest at the campus of Nation Taiwan University. Phenological observation indicated that Barnardia japonica was flowering from middle of September to November; fruiting from middle of Octorbor to end of November; seed mature from end of October to December and seed germination from end of January to the middle of February next year. Based on TWINSPAN and DCA analyses, fourteen vegetative types had been recognized for the study area; these are: 1. Zoysia tenuifolia type；2. Scaevola sericea type；3. Weddelia trilobata type；4. Setaria viridis type；5. Paspalum vaginatum- Barnardia japonica type；6.Digitaria sanguinalis-Barnardia japonica type；7. Arundo formosana-Barnardia japonica type；8. Paspalum conjugatum- Wedelia biflora type；9. Liriope minor var. angustissima-Barnardia japonica type；10.Ophiopogon japonicus type；11. Melastoma candidum-Barnardia japonica type；12. Lygodium japonicum-Barnardia japonica type；13. Bidens pilosa -Barnardia japonica type；and 14. Barnardia japonica type. The study revealed that the habitat diversity of Barnardia japonica is comparatively higher. As a rare plant of Taiwn, Barnardia japonica, however, has medicine and ornamental purposes; hopely the result of this study will be a reference for its conservation.