托洛茨基的歷史觀：以《俄國革命史》為中心

Abstract

本論文以俄國十月革命領導人托洛茨基（Leon Trotsky）的《俄國革命史》（The History of the Russian Revolution）為主探討其歷史觀。托洛茨基的不平衡與綜合發展理論（theory of uneven and combined development）及不斷革命論（permanent revolution）呈現俄國歷史的社會經濟結構，他對1917年革命過程中群眾意識的分析則凸顯人類在歷史中的能動性。在馬克思主義歷史唯物論的思想史脈絡中，托洛茨基不偏於結構（structure）一端，也不偏於唯意志論（voluntarism）一端。此外，不僅關注宏觀歷史趨勢，托洛茨基也詳細描繪個別歷史人物。托洛茨基本人既是俄國革命的參與者又是其歷史的撰述者，本文也探討了這種雙重身分對他歷史寫作的影響。

This thesis treats of Leon Trotsky’s concepts of history, who was a leader of the Russian October Revolution in 1917, mainly on his The History of the Russian Revolution. On the one hand, Trotsky’s theory of uneven and combined development and permanent revolution presents the socio-economic structure of Russian history; on the other hand, he emphasizes Human’s agency in history with his analysis on the change of masses’ consciousness in the process of the Russian Revolution in 1917. In the context of Marxist historical materialism of intellectual history, Trotsky avoids both the extremes of structure and voluntarism. Besides, Trotsky not only took notice of macro historical trends but also described in detail the individual characters in history. This thesis also researches how Trotsky wrote the history of the Russian Revolution as a participant of the same event.