全球境外資訊科技產業委外服務的比較研究——以印度和中國為例

Abstract

本論文主要目的是藉由印度與中國這兩個國家間的產業與IT外包廠商，來深入探討什麼是創造全球競爭環境必要條件。藉由本個案研究，我們可以觀察到許多變數對這些國家、產業與IT外包廠商提供有利的條件，讓這些廠商保有持續性的競爭優勢。在做此個案研究時，作者想強調一些重要的國家變數、產業變數與廠商變數，並對對IT產業廠商一些建議與步驟，以期幫助他們增強他們的優點與幫助他們通往下一個國際競爭的舞台。 IT產業勞工外包在「dot.com」與Y2K恐慌」的期間興盛起來，因為在那段期間缺乏技術性勞工，使得科技產業買方到國外尋求解決方案。買方發現，在「dot.com」期間，不僅像是印度等這類國家可以提供技術性勞工，而且這些國家所提供的技術性勞工力也相當的廉價。在科技產業日新月異的今日，導致有越來越多的新興國家將其鎖定IT外包工作。因為IT外包可以使國家的經濟情況改善，也能促進經濟成長。此外，這類國家還制定優渥的投資條例來吸引買方到這些國家下訂單生產。 每一個國家都有其比較利益與國家優勢，但是極少數國家能夠善用屬於自己國內的經濟環境優勢，把自己國家提升到境外經營的強盛地位－而本論文將著重探討中國與印度這兩個國家在這方面的議題。 買方與廠商正在尋找具有前瞻性的產業，這個產業在一段時間後能夠保證更加獲利與更有競爭。越來越多的買方對產品有各式不同的需求，此即意味著廠商將必須用更快速與用更高的品質水準來達成買方的要求，如此一來，這類廠商就可以跟其他競爭者區別開來，並且獲利。廠商應該衡量本身的規模與獲利能力來評估要在哪個區塊立足，以及應該採取哪些步驟來達到在科技產業的全球領導地位。

The key objective of this thesis is to compare the nations, industries and IT outsourcing vendors in India and China to gain insight about what is necessary to create an atmosphere for global competence in the industry. By doing this case study, we can observe variables that give a nation, an industry, and an IT vendor the strength and advantages that lead to sustainable competitive advantage. Upon conducting the case study, the author plans to highlight important national, industrial and vendor variables and give recommendations to IT vendors that will help them leverage their strengths and take the next steps towards competing on this global stage. IT labor outsourcing came into its own during the “dot.com” and Y2K scare when a lack of skilled labor led IT buyers abroad. Buyers discovered during the “dot.com” days that not only could other nations like India offer skilled labor; they could do it at a much cheaper price. Today, the industry is growing rapidly. As a result more and more emerging nations are targeting IT outsourcing for the economic benefits and growth it provides, making policy changes and trying to lure buyers to their shores. Each country has its comparative advantages and national strengths, but few nations are adequately positioned to be powerhouses in the global theater of offshoring – this thesis will focus on the two nations that are. Buyers and vendors look into the future at an industry that promises to be ever-more profitable and ever-more competitive as time goes on. More buyers with more needs will mean that vendors will need to meet these needs quickly and at high levels of quality that will separate them from competitors of all sizes. A vendor should measure their size and profitability to gauge where they stand and what steps they need to take to reach global dominance in the IT industry.