集水區農村社區永續發展指標系統建構之研究

Abstract

相較於普遍台灣農村所產生的問題，集水區農村社區沒有豐富且可獨立的財政來源，經濟基礎較弱，可投入資源有限。另一方面，集水區農村社區較之於都市社區或一般農村社區雖擁有較多農村土地及豐富的農業資源，然而受限於水源區保護管制及山坡地開發管制等不利因素，致使集水區農村社區面臨都市化不完全、水土保持工作造成經濟效益降低、休閒農業轉型缺乏政策扶植及經濟援助等問題。 為了確實了解集水區’農村的環境問題，希望透過指標系統之建立，以得到評估集水區農村社區之環境現況的工具，進而規劃提出可行之改善方案 。茲將主要研究內容摘要整理如下： 一、透過蒐集彙整英國、美國、聯合國及本國等之環境永續發展評量指標及國內社區改善相關研究，進而提出國內外集水區農村社區改善指標比較分析，並評析各指標在集水區農村環境改善的用途，初步建立適用於國內水質水量、景觀、生態與社會經濟及文化之評估指標34項。 二、透過二階段專家問卷調查方式（第一階段德爾菲法、第二階段分析層級程序法），評估篩選出適宜指標24項，並進行權重評分計算，建立指標系統。 三、由分析成果明顯表示專家學者普遍認定農村環境永續發展重要的因素在於保護區面積比例、水質良窳、天然河岸比例和現有森林面積比例等自然永續之指標，而社會經濟文化與人文景觀對農村環境永續發展較不具重要性。 四、以台中大甲溪流域內的石岡壩子集水區為實例，選擇其中三個農村社區實際操作集水區環境調查、水質RPI監測調查、實地探勘，得到指標系統評分資料完成指標評分。

Compared with the general problem of produce in Taiwan rural community, the rural community of watershed has no abundant and independent public finance source. Because the economic foundation is weaker, the resources we could invest are limited. On the other hand, the rural village community of watershed has more land and abundant in agriculture resource than the city community and general village community, but the rural village community of watershed is limited by the watershed area protection restriction and the slope ground development restriction. These factors caused: the rural village community of watershed faces incomplete urbanization, the conservation of soil and water works caused the reducing of economic benefit and the transformation of recreational agriculture are lack of the policy and economic support In order to do justice to the environment problem of rural community of watershed, we hope we can establish through the index-model and get the information from the valuation of the rural community of watershed, and then provide the project to improve in the future. The summary of mainly study result report is as following: I. Through analyzing the sustainable developing environmental evaluation index of England, United States, United Nations, native National Science Council, we provide the comparison and analysis of these cases and different index. At the beginning, we establish the 34 valuation index signs included of the culture, water quantity and quality, landscape, society economy and culture. II. Through gathering the environment investigation of the watershed, the RPI monitor investigation, prospect on the spot and use the two stage expert-questionnaire method (first stage use the method of Delphi, second stage use the Analytic Hierarch Process , AHP), sieve the 24 index signs, then build up the rural community of watershed indicator system. III. According to the evaluation of the result we find the internal experts pay more attention to the relationship of the water quality, water quantity, and the ecology with environmental improvement, rather than the relationship of landscape, the social culture and economy with the environment improvement. The result also show that the experts generally think the important factor of sustainable develop of the rural village community are the native sustainable index of protection-area ratio, the water quality, the ratio of native river bank, and the ratio of present forest area etc. In their consideration, the social economy, the social culture, and the human landscape for the environment improvement are less important than the others. IV. For example, the Shih-Kang dam of the Da-Jai river of Taichung, we choose three of rural communities and operate the environment investigation of watershed, RPI the water quality investigation and explore directly and get the emulation of the index.