臺灣大學的語文學教育及其相關問題初探（1945-1960）

Abstract

臺灣大學（前身為臺北帝國大學）作為臺灣重要的高等學府，大學內部蘊含著歷史悠久的文化及傳統。特別是在1945年光復後，臺大內部更面臨著文化、文學、語言、教育等各方面的衝擊與挑戰。然而，當代多數以臺大作為對象的研究成果中，主要著重於歷史發展過程的挖掘與建構，部分系所研究成果之特色，或是學生文藝活動的初步研究，以及學院作家及刊物的深入探討，以上的研究成果固然豐碩，但我們僅得以窺探語文學教育及校園文化基本樣貌的片段，但卻無法深入架構起教育實踐之源頭、步驟、方法及轉變的整體歷程。是故，本論文之研究目的，乃在前人研究基礎上，進一步藉由對臺大內部相關珍貴史料的爬梳，期能瞭解在具有轉折性意義的時期中，具有代表性指標的臺灣大學，如何以語文學教育為中心，重整並塑造出一個別於以往的文化及文學環境。本文的研究方法是將抽繹出1945-1960年臺大語文學教育中課程、教材、師資的關鍵性議題，嘗試整合並提出解釋，嘗試架構出1945-1960臺大人語文學教育初建與轉變的情形，以及學院教育與社會文化之間的關係。期盼藉由主題的整體性敘述、新挖掘的史料，以及統整零散的資料，開展出新的研究面向，融會校園文化、學院課程、以及文化場域的各層面，進一步勾勒臺灣大學語文學教育在歷史轉折點上所體現的意義及定位。 本論文分配章節如下。首先，第一章〈緒論〉說明研究動機與目的、研究範限及進路、文獻回顧、以及論文架構。第二章〈語文學教育之相關實施背景概述〉，將分為外緣環境以及內在發展脈絡兩部分來談實施背景，一方面針對外緣環境說明戰後初期、五○年代以至六○年代初期臺灣文教環境在政策指導下對語文學教育的期待，一方面也回顧西學東漸之後，文學教育如何進入現代大學教育中的中文系課程中。第三章〈全校性的語文學教育：理念與實踐〉包括四小節，分別由精神傳統之建立的理論性層面，以及新人文空間的開拓、大一國語文教材的轉變、校園文學刊物概觀等「教學」、「教材」、「學生」三方面的實踐方式切入探討， 試圖勾勒1945-1960校內文學及人文氛圍的面貌。第四章〈中文系語文學課程設置之演變及特色〉，以中文系作為為核心展開論述。首先分析中國文學系之前身，即臺北帝國大學文學部東洋文學講座課程設置的相關問題，期盼能藉此參照點，探討戰後中國文學系與東洋文學講座兩者間延續或斷裂的情形。其次，根據課表之史料，探討五○年代中文系課程設置的情形，並進一步歸納課程發展各期展現的特色。第五章〈中文系師生之文化實踐及社會參與〉，則進一步以中文系師生為中心，由學院內延伸至學院外，探討其個人自我及社會文化實踐的不同表現，包括知識分子來臺的心境轉折、自我調適，以及部份知識分子在教育崗位之外，如何藉由雜誌刊物的出版編輯、及社會文化事業等途徑的推動，將專業知能、學術思想、文化關懷更廣泛地傳遞至社會大眾，以及所具有的文化教育意義。

National Taiwan University (predecessor was Taipei Empire University) is an important tertiary institute in Taiwan. It includes rich historical culture and tradition. Especially after the retrocession of Taiwan in 1945, National Taiwan University had faced the impacts and challenges of culture, literature, language and education. However, most of the studies on National Taiwan University focused on the discovery of the developing process of history, characteristics of the achievement of some departments, or primary study of recreational activities of students, and the discussion in depth of the college writers and publications. The above achievements are excellent. However, we can only see the fundamental appearance of philology education and college culture, and are only able to look into the sources, steps, methods and changes of implementation of education. From the rare historical source of National Taiwan University, it is expected to understand how the philology education center of the representative National Taiwan University had established a cultural and literary environment, which has been different from the past in this climacteric. This thesis is to reach the objective mentioned above based on the previous studies. The approach of this article is to select the courses, teaching materials and the major themes of the teachers from 1945 - 1960 philology education of National Taiwan University, and is attempted to propose the explanation. The situation of primary establishment and changes of 1945-1960 philology education of National Taiwan University will be attempted to present. Besides, the relationship between the college education and social culture will be shown. From the overall narration of the themes, the new discovered historical materials and the rearranged of the scattered materials, it is expected to start the new direction of research. Moreover, the college culture, college courses and all levels of culture will be merged. Furthermore, the value and position of philology education of National Taiwan University in the turning point of history will further be reflected. The chapters of this thesis are as follows. Firstly, Chapter 1 <Introduction> describes the motivation and objective of study, scope and direction of study, literatures review and the structure of thesis. In Chapter 2 <Implementation Background Summary of Philology Education> will discuss the implementation background from external environment and internal development. The external environment explains the expectation of philology education under the guidance of policy in the culture and education environment of Taiwan after World War II, 50s to early of 60s. At the same time, it will review how the literature education enters the course of Department of Chinese in modern tertiary education after the western culture affects orient gradually. In Chapter 3 <The Philology Education of Whole College: Idea and Implementation> includes four sections. It includes theoretical aspect established by spirit tradition, open-up of the new cultural space, changes of the college year one Chinese teaching material, and college literature publication. The implementation approach of 'Teaching', 'Teaching Materials' and 'Students' will be discussed, and the 1945-1960 college literature and the appearance of cultural atmosphere will be outlined. Chapter 4 <The Changes and Characteristics of Philology Course of Department of Chinese> will start the discussion based on the Department of Chinese as the core. Firstly, the predecessor of Department of Chinese Literature will be studied. It is relevant to the establishment of the Oriental Literature Seminar of Department of Literature of Taipei Empire University. From this reference, it is expected to study the continuation and breaking between Department of Chinese Literature and Oriental Literature Seminar. Besides, according to the school timetable from the historical material, the establishment of Department of Chinese in 50s will be studied, and the characteristics of the course development in different stages will be summarized further. Chapter 5 <The Cultural Practice and Social Participation of Teachers and Students of Department of Chinese> regards the teachers and students of Department of Chinese as the center to extend from the college to the society outside, and the different expression of selfhood and social culture practice will be studied. These include the change of posture of intellectuals coming to Taiwan and their self-adjustment. In addition, it will study how the intellectuals published publications and magazines, and promoted social cultural undertakes besides their educational positions. They spread the professional knowledge, academic thought, cultural attention as well as the cultural education value to the public extensively.