請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/29133
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 蔡明正 | |
dc.contributor.author | Jung-Lung Tsai | en |
dc.contributor.author | 蔡榮隆 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T00:42:04Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2007-08-08 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2007-08-08 | |
dc.date.issued | 2007 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2007-07-24 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Aguilar-Bryan L, Nichols CG, Wechsler SW, Clement JPt, Boyd AE, 3rd, Gonzalez G, Herrera-Sosa H, Nguy K, Bryan J and Nelson DA (1995) Cloning of the beta cell high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor: a regulator of insulin secretion. Science 268(5209):423-426.
Albowitz B and Gasteiger EL (1985) Interictal afterdischarge in focal penicillin epilepsy: thalamocortical unit activity. Exp Neurol 88(2):360-371. Armstrong CM (1969) Inactivation of the potassium conductance and related phenomena caused by quaternary ammonium ion injection in squid axons. J Gen Physiol 54(5):553-575. Ashcroft FM (1988) Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. Annu Rev Neurosci 11:97-118. Ashcroft FM and Gribble FM (1998) Correlating structure and function in ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Trends Neurosci 21(7):288-294. Ashcroft FM, Harrison DE and Ashcroft SJ (1984) Glucose induces closure of single potassium channels in isolated rat pancreatic beta-cells. Nature 312(5993):446-448. Babb TL, Perryman KM, Lieb JP, Finch DM and Crandall PH (1979) Procaine-induced seizures in epileptic monkeys with bilateral hippocampal foci. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 47(6):725-737. Beamish P and Kiloh LG (1960) Psychoses due to amphetamine consumption. J Ment Sci 106:337-343. Bond CT, Ammala C, Ashfield R, Blair TA, Gribble F, Khan RN, Lee K, Proks P, Rowe IC, Sakura H and et al. (1995) Cloning and functional expression of the cDNA encoding an inwardly-rectifying potassium channel expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and in the brain. FEBS Lett 367(1):61-66. Bracci E, Ballerini L and Nistri A (1996) Localization of rhythmogenic networks responsible for spontaneous bursts induced by strychnine and bicuculline in the rat isolated spinal cord. J Neurosci 16(21):7063-7076. Chen YH and Tsai MC (1997) Bursting firing of action potentials in central snail neurons elicited by d-amphetamine: role of cytoplasmic second messengers. Neurosci Res 27(4):295-304. Chutkow WA, Simon MC, Le Beau MM and Burant CF (1996) Cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal localization of SUR2, the putative drug-binding subunit of cardiac, skeletal muscle, and vascular KATP channels. Diabetes 45(10):1439-1445. Conti LR, Radeke CM, Shyng SL and Vandenberg CA (2001) Transmembrane topology of the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1. J Biol Chem 276(44):41270-41278. Cook DL and Hales CN (1984) Intracellular ATP directly blocks K+ channels in pancreatic B-cells. Nature 311(5983):271-273. Cuevas J and Adams DJ (1994) Local anaesthetic blockade of neuronal nicotinic ACh receptor-channels in rat parasympathetic ganglion cells. Br J Pharmacol 111(3):663-672. Daut J, Maier-Rudolph W, von Beckerath N, Mehrke G, Gunther K and Goedel-Meinen L (1990) Hypoxic dilation of coronary arteries is mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Science 247(4948):1341-1344. Derlet RW, Albertson TE and Rice P (1990) Protection against d-amphetamine toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 8(2):105-108. Edwards G and Weston AH (1993) Induction of a glibenclamide-sensitive K-current by modification of a delayed rectifier channel in rat portal vein in insulinoma cells. Br J Pharmacol 110(4):1280-1281. Fujimura N, Tanaka E, Yamamoto S, Shigemori M and Higashi H (1997) Contribution of ATP-sensitive potassium channels to hypoxic hyperpolarization in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro. J Neurophysiol 77(1):378-385. Fujita A and Kurachi Y (2000) Molecular aspects of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the cardiovascular system and K+ channel openers. Pharmacol Ther 85(1):39-53. Gloyn AL, Pearson ER, Antcliff JF, Proks P, Bruining GJ, Slingerland AS, Howard N, Srinivasan S, Silva JM, Molnes J, Edghill EL, Frayling TM, Temple IK, Mackay D, Shield JP, Sumnik Z, van Rhijn A, Wales JK, Clark P, Gorman S, Aisenberg J, Ellard S, Njolstad PR, Ashcroft FM and Hattersley AT (2004) Activating mutations in the gene encoding the ATP-sensitive potassium-channel subunit Kir6.2 and permanent neonatal diabetes. N Engl J Med 350(18):1838-1849. Greenwood R and Peachey RS (1957) Acute amphetamine poisoning; an account of 3 cases. Br Med J 1(5021):742-744. Gribble FM, Ashfield R, Ammala C and Ashcroft FM (1997) Properties of cloned ATP-sensitive K+ currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Physiol 498 ( Pt 1):87-98. Grover GJ, Sleph PG and Dzwonczyk S (1992) Role of myocardial ATP-sensitive potassium channels in mediating preconditioning in the dog heart and their possible interaction with adenosine A1-receptors. Circulation 86(4):1310-1316. Gurdon JB, Lane CD, Woodland HR and Marbaix G (1971) Use of frog eggs and oocytes for the study of messenger RNA and its translation in living cells. Nature 233(5316):177-182. Heurteaux C, Lauritzen I, Widmann C and Lazdunski M (1995) Essential role of adenosine, adenosine A1 receptors, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(10):4666-4670. Higgins CF (1992) ABC transporters: from microorganisms to man. Annu Rev Cell Biol 8:67-113. Ho K, Nichols CG, Lederer WJ, Lytton J, Vassilev PM, Kanazirska MV and Hebert SC (1993) Cloning and expression of an inwardly rectifying ATP-regulated potassium channel. Nature 362(6415):31-38. Hunter M and Giebisch G (1988) Calcium-activated K-channels of Amphiuma early distal tubule: inhibition by ATP. Pflugers Arch 412(3):331-333. Inagaki N, Gonoi T, Clement JP, Wang CZ, Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J and Seino S (1996) A family of sulfonylurea receptors determines the pharmacological properties of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Neuron 16(5):1011-1017. Inagaki N, Tsuura Y, Namba N, Masuda K, Gonoi T, Horie M, Seino Y, Mizuta M and Seino S (1995) Cloning and functional characterization of a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel ubiquitously expressed in rat tissues, including pancreatic islets, pituitary, skeletal muscle, and heart. J Biol Chem 270(11):5691-5694. Isomoto S, Kondo C, Yamada M, Matsumoto S, Higashiguchi O, Horio Y, Matsuzawa Y and Kurachi Y (1996) A novel sulfonylurea receptor forms with BIR (Kir6.2) a smooth muscle type ATP-sensitive K+ channel. J Biol Chem 271(40):24321-24324. Isreal JM and Meunier JM (1979) Procaine as an acetylcholine agonist in snail neuron. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 211(1):93-98. Jiang S, Liu Z and Zhuang X (1998) Effect of procaine hydrochloride on cyanide intoxication and its effect on neuronal calcium in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 150(1):32-36. Jung HY, Staff NP and Spruston N (2001) Action potential bursting in subicular pyramidal neurons is driven by a calcium tail current. J Neurosci 21(10):3312-3321. Klocker N, Musshoff U, Madeja M and Speckmann EJ (1996) Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in follicle-enclosed xenopus oocytes by the epileptogenic agent pentylenetetrazol. Pflugers Arch 431(5):736-740. Kubo Y, Baldwin TJ, Jan YN and Jan LY (1993) Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel. Nature 362(6416):127-133. Kuo CC (1997) Deactivation retards recovery from inactivation in Shaker K+ channels. J Neurosci 17(10):3436-3444. Lin CH and Tsai MC (2005a) Effects of procaine on a central neuron of the snail, Achatina fulica Ferussac. Life Sci 76(14):1641-1666. Lin CH and Tsai MC (2005b) The modulation effects of d-amphetamine and procaine on the spontaneously generated action potentials in the central neuron of snail, Achatina fulica Ferussac. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 141(1):58-68. Lin CK, Lin PJ, Chen IM, Chen IH, Lin PL, Zhuravlev VL and Tsai MC (2006) [Seizure discharges induced by amphetamine in neuron of african snail Achatina fulica: effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors.]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 42(2):134-139. Liou HH, Zhou SS and Huang CL (1999) Regulation of ROMK1 channel by protein kinase A via a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(10):5820-5825. Liss B, Bruns R and Roeper J (1999) Alternative sulfonylurea receptor expression defines metabolic sensitivity of K-ATP channels in dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Embo J 18(4):833-846. Murata Y, Fujiwara Y and Kubo Y (2002) Identification of a site involved in the block by extracellular Mg(2+) and Ba(2+) as well as permeation of K(+) in the Kir2.1 K(+) channel. J Physiol 544(Pt 3):665-677. Nichols CG and Lederer WJ (1991) Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol 261(6 Pt 2):H1675-1686. Nichols CG, Shyng SL, Nestorowicz A, Glaser B, Clement JPt, Gonzalez G, Aguilar-Bryan L, Permutt MA and Bryan J (1996) Adenosine diphosphate as an intracellular regulator of insulin secretion. Science 272(5269):1785-1787. Noma A (1983) ATP-regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle. Nature 305(5930):147-148. Parekh AB (1996) Interaction between capacitative Ca2+ influx and Ca2+-dependent Cl- currents in Xenopus oocytes. Pflugers Arch 431(4):954-963. Penner R, Matthews G and Neher E (1988) Regulation of calcium influx by second messengers in rat mast cells. Nature 334(6182):499-504. Piao H, Cui N, Xu H, Mao J, Rojas A, Wang R, Abdulkadir L, Li L, Wu J and Jiang C (2001) Requirement of multiple protein domains and residues for gating K(ATP) channels by intracellular pH. J Biol Chem 276(39):36673-36680. Proks P, Antcliff JF, Lippiat J, Gloyn AL, Hattersley AT and Ashcroft FM (2004) Molecular basis of Kir6.2 mutations associated with neonatal diabetes or neonatal diabetes plus neurological features. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(50):17539-17544. Reimann F and Ashcroft FM (1999) Inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11(4):503-508. Scholz KP and Byrne JH (1988) Intracellular injection of cAMP induces a long-term reduction of neuronal K+ currents. Science 240(4859):1664-1666. Seino S (1999) ATP-sensitive potassium channels: a model of heteromultimeric potassium channel/receptor assemblies. Annu Rev Physiol 61:337-362. Seino S and Miki T (2003) Physiological and pathophysiological roles of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 81(2):133-176. Spruce AE, Standen NB and Stanfield PR (1985) Voltage-dependent ATP-sensitive potassium channels of skeletal muscle membrane. Nature 316(6030):736-738. Standen NB, Quayle JM, Davies NW, Brayden JE, Huang Y and Nelson MT (1989) Hyperpolarizing vasodilators activate ATP-sensitive K+ channels in arterial smooth muscle. Science 245(4914):177-180. Sturgess NC, Ashford ML, Cook DL and Hales CN (1985) The sulphonylurea receptor may be an ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Lancet 2(8453):474-475. Sugaya A, Sugaya E and Tsujitani M (1973) Pentylenetetrazol-induced intracellular potential changes of the neuron of the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala. Jpn J Physiol 23(3):261-274. Sun Park W, Kyoung Son Y, Kim N, Boum Youm J, Joo H, Warda M, Ko JH, Earm YE and Han J (2006) The protein kinase A inhibitor, H-89, directly inhibits KATP and Kir channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 340(4):1104-1110. Takano M and Ashcroft FM (1996) The Ba2+ block of the ATP-sensitive K+ current of mouse pancreatic beta-cells. Pflugers Arch 431(4):625-631. Tammaro P, Girard C, Molnes J, Njolstad PR and Ashcroft FM (2005) Kir6.2 mutations causing neonatal diabetes provide new insights into Kir6.2-SUR1 interactions. Embo J 24(13):2318-2330. Tsai MC and Chen YH (1995) Bursting firing of action potentials in central snail neurons elicited by d-amphetamine: role of the electrogenic sodium pump. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 111(1):131-141. Tsai MC, Chen YH and Huang SS (2000) Amphetamine elicited potential changes in vertebrate and invertebrate central neurons. Acta Biol Hung 51(2-4):275-286. Tsai SC, Chiao YC, Lu CC, Doong ML, Chen YH, Shih HC, Liaw C, Wang SW and Wang PS (1996) Inhibition by amphetamine of testosterone secretion through a mechanism involving an increase of cyclic AMP production in rat testes. Br J Pharmacol 118(4):984-988. Tsubaki M (1993) Fourier-transform infrared study of azide binding to the Fea3-CuB binuclear site of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase: new evidence for a redox-linked conformational change at the binuclear site. Biochemistry 32(1):174-182. Tucker SJ, Gribble FM, Zhao C, Trapp S and Ashcroft FM (1997) Truncation of Kir6.2 produces ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the absence of the sulphonylurea receptor. Nature 387(6629):179-183. Wang X, Sato N and Greer MA (1992) Lidocaine inhibits prolactin secretion in GH4C1 cells by blocking calcium influx. Mol Cell Endocrinol 87(1-3):157-165. Watanabe K and Funase K (1991) Cyclic AMP elicits biphasic current whose activation is mediated through protein phosphorylation in snail neurons. Neurosci Res 10(1):64-70. White MM and Aylwin M (1990) Niflumic and flufenamic acids are potent reversible blockers of Ca2(+)-activated Cl- channels in Xenopus oocytes. Mol Pharmacol 37(5):720-724. Yamada K and Inagaki N (2005) Neuroprotection by KATP channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol 38(6):945-949. Yamada M, Inanobe A and Kurachi Y (1998) G protein regulation of potassium ion channels. Pharmacol Rev 50(4):723-760. Yamada M, Isomoto S, Matsumoto S, Kondo C, Shindo T, Horio Y and Kurachi Y (1997) Sulphonylurea receptor 2B and Kir6.1 form a sulphonylurea-sensitive but ATP-insensitive K+ channel. J Physiol 499 ( Pt 3):715-720. Zagnoni PG and Albano C (2002) Psychostimulants and epilepsy. Epilepsia 43 Suppl 2:28-31. Zawar C, Plant TD, Schirra C, Konnerth A and Neumcke B (1999) Cell-type specific expression of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the rat hippocampus. J Physiol 514 ( Pt 2):327-341. Zerangue N, Schwappach B, Jan YN and Jan LY (1999) A new ER trafficking signal regulates the subunit stoichiometry of plasma membrane K(ATP) channels. Neuron 22(3):537-548. Zou X, Zhou H and Zhou S (2003) [Effect of coriaria lactone on the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pyrimidal neurons of rats]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 34(4):650-652. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/29133 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 1.本實驗以非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis) 卵細胞為表現載體,以雙電極膜電位箝制(two-electrode voltage clamp)技術,探討Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道之一般藥理學和電生理學基本特性,以及其抑制劑對鉀離子通道之影響。
2.在實驗當中的Kir6.2/pET20b+ 基因序列是第一次表現在非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)卵細胞,為了再次確定其Kir6.2基因序列的正確性,在第一次體外轉錄(in vitro transcription) mRNA之前,先將Kir6.2/pET20b+ DNA拿至臺大醫院第二共研作DNA序列比對,結果顯示基因序列確實屬於老鼠內整流型鉀離子通道基因。 3.Sodium azide是一種代謝性抑制劑,會使細胞內的ATP降低,相對上提高MgADP,由實驗結果發現,細胞外給與sodium azide到表現有Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道的非洲爪蟾卵細胞,會使細胞內的ATP降低,進一步活化通道,不過活化的程度小於KATP通道,兩者的差別在於KATP通道含有SUR單元,這暗示著當細胞內ATP的含量減少時,容易活化鉀離子通道,而SUR單元的存在會加強鉀離子通道的活化,顯然,細胞內的MgADP相對量提高時會結合到SUR單元,而加強通道的活化。 4.為了確定表現在非洲爪蟾卵細胞的Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道其功能性,在實驗當中以細胞外給予BaCl2來證明Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道受到抑制作用,同時也發現將膜電位固定在-100mV時,BaCl2抑制Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道電流的IC50大於抑制胰臟β細胞KATP通道電流的IC50,顯然BaCl2對於Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道的抑制程度小於β細胞KATP通道。 5.在本實驗室先前的研究顯示,procaine(10mM)會在非洲大蝸牛(Achatina fulica)RP1神經元引起猝發性(burst firing)動作電位,其主要原因之一是抑制steady-state鉀離子通道,而在本實驗當中則是以初濃度1mM procaine細胞外給予至表現Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道的非洲爪蟾卵細胞,當procaine濃度提升至30mM對於鉀離子通道並沒有顯著的抑制作用,因此推論procaine引起RP1神經元引起猝發性(burst firing)動作電位,可能不是抑制KATP鉀離子通道所引起。 6.在之前的研究顯示d-amphetamine會在非洲大蝸牛(Achatina fulica)RP4神經元引起猝發現象,為探討d-amphetamine引起猝發現象是否因為抑制KATP鉀離子通道而產生,本實驗以細胞外給予d-amphetamine至表現Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道的非洲爪蟾卵細胞,發現d-amphetamine當細胞外給予300μM並沒有顯著的抑制鉀離子通道電流,當d-amphetamine提高至5mM以上,鉀離子通道電流才有顯著的抑制作用,以d-amphetamine(IC50約83.89mM)與BaCl2(IC50約242.2μM)兩者作比較,顯然d-amphetamine對於Kir6.2ΔC26鉀離子通道屬於作用較弱的抑制劑。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir6.2ΔC26 channel) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The basic properties of Kir6.2ΔC26 channels were studied by using two-electrode voltage clamp.
The Kir6.2/pET20b+ cDNA which we owned was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes for the first time. In order to confirm the accuracy of Kir6.2 sequence once again , the Kir6.2 sequence of the selected plasmids was confirmed by DNA sequencing (Core Facility, National Taiwan University).The result revealed that this sequence belongd to mouse musculus potassium inwardly rectifying channel and this amino acid alignments lacked the C-terminal 26 amino acid residues. Sodium azide was a kind of metabolic inhibitors which could decrease intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP).Extracellular application of sodium azide activated Kir6.2ΔC26 potassium channel, but the activated extent was smaller than that of KATP (Kir6.2+SUR) channel. The existence of SUR enhanced the activation of potassium channel. Extracellular application of BaCl2 inhibited Kir6.2ΔC26 potassium channel. When the membrance potential was hold at -100mV, the IC50 for BaCl2 block of Kir6.2ΔC26 potassium channel was smaller than that of pancreatic β cell KATP channel. In the previous study, Extra-cellular application of procaine (10 mM) or d-amphetamine (270μM) reversibly elicited bursts of potential on the central neuron of giant African snails. One of the reasons was that procaine or d-amphetamine decreased the delayed outward K+ current. Extra-cellular application of procaine had on effect on Kir6.2ΔC26 channel,but d-amphetamine inhibited Kir6.2ΔC26 channel current. The IC50(83.89mM) for d-amphetamine block of Kir6.2ΔC26 potassium channel was smaller than that of BaCl2(IC50=242.2μM).Apparently, compared with BaCl2, d-amphetamine was a weak inhibitor of Kir6.2ΔC26 potassium channel. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T00:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-96-R94443018-1.pdf: 1763467 bytes, checksum: 97526ded4304b7345fe516d5d9136433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 論文口試委員審書 i
誌謝 ii 中文摘要(Abstract in Chinese) iii 英文摘要(Abstract in English) vi 縮寫表(Abbreviation) x 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 ATP敏感型鉀離子通道(KATP)的基本特性 1 1.2 KATP通道的結構組成 2 1.3 KATP通道的生理功能 3 1.4 調控KATP通道開關的因素 5 1.5 研究背景 5 1.6 研究目的 9 第二章 材料與方法 13 2.1 實驗材料 13 2.1.1 Kir6.2 DNA sequence 13 2.1.2 菌株 13 2.1.3 載體 13 2.1.4 試劑 13 2.1.5 培養基與培養液 15 2.1.6 實驗儀器 15 2.2 實驗方法 16 2.2.1 重組質體Kir6.2/pET20b+的抽取 16 2.2.2 重組質體Kir6.2/ pET20b+的切割與瓊脂凝膠之回收 17 2.2.3 將純化的linearized Kir6.2/ pET20b+ DNA以體外轉錄(in vitro transcription)形成mRNA 18 2.2.4 蛙卵的準備與mRNA微量注射 18 2.2.5 電生理記錄方法 20 2.2.6 統計分析 21 第三章 結果 24 3.1 Kir6.2 DNA序列之比對與確認 24 3.2 Sodium azide(NaN3) 對於Kir6.2ΔC26通道的活化作用 25 3.3 Ba+2對於Kir6.2ΔC26離子通道的抑制作用 26 3.4 Procaine對於Kir6.2ΔC26離子通道的作用 27 3.5 d-Amphetamine對於Kir6.2ΔC26通道的抑制作用 28 第四章 討論 30 第五章 結論 35 參考文獻 51 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 內整流型鉀離子通道表現在非洲爪蟾卵細胞之基本特性研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The basic property of inward rectifier potassium channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 95-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 孔繁璐,劉宏輝,樓國隆 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 非洲爪蟾,內整流型,鉀離子通道,代謝性抑制劑,猝發現象, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | sodium azide,procaine,d-amphetamine,Kir6.2,Xenopus laevis, | en |
dc.relation.page | 63 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2007-07-25 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 藥理學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 藥理學科所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-96-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 1.72 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。