建立施工性程序之初步研究─以捷運工程為例

Abstract

國內重大工程施工經常發生問題，究其原因為設計階段未全面考慮施工性。以捷運工程為例，施工期間經常發生鄰房損壞、路面坍塌、工期拖延及成本增加，並成為捷運工程施工的常態。捷運工程在設計階段，均經過嚴格之審查，卻仍然無法確保施工性，因為設計成果之審查，只包括小部分施工性。依國外經驗，施工性計畫可以減少施工問題、縮短工期、減少成本。本研究認為設計階段應建立一套方法來檢測施工性。 本研究目的是協助顧問公司建立施工性執行流程及施工性檢核表範本，提供國內顧問公司，作為公司導入施工性之依據。當專案進行時，依據施工性檢核表範本，逐項逐條檢核設計成果之施工性，找出施工性不符合的項目，加以改善，提高專案設計成果之施工性。研究範圍僅限於捷運工程細部設計中之土建部分。 經由探討施工性之相關文獻，包括施工性發展沿革、施工性之定義、施工性計畫流程、施工性計畫之利益、施工性之成本影響曲線、施工性檢核表等。本研究彙整四份捷運工程細部設計之審查檢核表，做成問卷調查表。經由問卷調查，產出施工性檢核表初稿。再以專家訪談的方式，個別訪談、討論施工性檢核表初稿，由初稿複選、修正施工性檢核細項，補充施工性檢核細項並加以整理，再經專家確認後，彙整產出施工性檢核表範本。 最後選擇國內兩個具有代表性之捷運工程細部設計，以其設計成果進行個案研究，將本研究的施工性檢核表範本，針對此兩個案例進行實驗性之施工性檢核，找出不符合之細項，並檢討不符合原因及研擬改善方法。個案研究的結果顯示，工程界的確有建立施工性檢核的適當機制之必要。

Due to the lack of the implementation of constructability during design, the engineering project in Taiwan always has had problems during construction. The construction of transit system regularly had the problems of building damage, road collapse, schedule delay, and cost overrun. Even thought the project delivery was reviewed during and after design, the constructability still remains insufficient. The reviews can not take place of constructability obviously. According to the study report from U.S., the constructability can shorten the duration, and deduct the cost. It is necessary to establish a constructability program for engineering project in Taiwan. The purposes of this study are to establish the implementation procedures of constructability and the constructability checklist for engineering consultancy in Taiwan. Referring to the implementation procedures of constructability, the engineering consultancy can set up their constructability program. The constructability checklist can be used to find out the insufficient items in project delivery. The constructability of project delivery has secured by improving the insufficient items. The scope of this study is only limited the civil and architecture of detailed design in transit system. The literature review included the constructability’s evolution, definition, implementation roadmap, benefit, cost influence curve, and four domestic review checklists of detailed design of transit system. This study sieved out a draft of constructability checklist from review checklist through the method of questionnaire. Then this study established a constructability checklist from the draft through the method of expert interview. Finally two project deliveries of MRT detailed design was implemented constructability program by using of the constructability checklist to find out the insufficient activities. It is obvious necessary to implement constructability program after analyzing the reasons and improving approaches of the above insufficient activities.