常見樹木淨化氨及硫化氫惡臭污染能力之研究

Abstract

空氣中惡臭物質主要如硫化氫、氨氣、有機硫類、有機胺類，多具有刺激性，使人感到不適。本研究以氨氣及硫化氫兩種惡臭氣體為研究對象，期望篩選出對不同惡臭氣體吸收能力較佳的常見樹木，以供推廣及利用。本研究選用了二十種常見行道樹，利用小型枝葉圍封箱系統，測試不同樹種對氨氣及硫化氫惡臭氣體吸收能力之差異，並以沈降速度表示之。研究結果顯示，20種常見樹種，以苦楝、檸檬桉、檉柳、白千層及黃槿等五種，對於氨氣的吸收效率最好。同於測試20種植物，其中吸收硫化氫效率較佳的樹種為白千層、黃槿、檸檬桉、苦楝及小葉南洋衫等五種。上述各五種淨污力較高者中有四種是重複的，故值得在田間推廣應用以同時吸收氨氣及硫化氫兩大惡臭物質。本研究另測試四種室內植物吸收氨氣及硫化氫惡臭氣體之能力，結果發現，以山蘇吸收氨氣效果最佳，而對硫化氫之吸收則以蔓綠絨為最佳。在弱光(500 lx)與強光(5000 lx)，另比較此些室內植物在上午、下午與晚間吸收氨氣及硫化氫能力之差異。發現在強光下室內植物吸收氨氣及硫化氫的能力，不分上午、下午及晚間，皆比弱光下為高，但因生理時鐘之因素，植物淨化氨氣及硫化氫的效率，會由上午、下午至晚間而逐漸下降。

Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, organic sulfur, and organic amines are major odor pollutants. They are offensive and uncomfortable for people. In this study, both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were selected and tested for measuring the pollutant uptake rates by common tree species and future application in the field. A small fumigation chamber was designed for measuring the uptake rate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide by 20 species of common trees. Results showed that among then Melia azedarach, Eucalyptus citriodora, Tamarix juniperina, Melaleuca leucadendra and Hibiscus tiliaceus have higher for ammonia. To uptake the hydrogen sulfide, however, Melaleuca leucadendra, Hibiscus tiliaceu, Eucalyptus citriodora, Melia azedarach and Araucaria excels showed the higher uptake rate. Four species can be found in both lists and are worthy for planting in the field to remove both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide simultaneously. The pollutant uptake measurement for four indoor plants showed that Asplenium antiquum do the best for ammonia, while the highest uptake of hydrogen sulfide is by Ficus pumilal. To compare the effects of light intensity and biological clock on pollutant uptake by plants, we measured the uptake rate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide under low or high light either in the morning, afternoon, or evening. Results indicated that the uptake rate of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were increased significantly in high light intensities (5000 lx) than in low light intensity (500 lx), whenever in the morning, afternoon and evening. Because of circadian rhythm, or so called biological clock, the uptake rates of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide by plants usually decreased from in the morning, to a less in the afternoon, and the least in the nighttime.