台北市國小校園生態池使用後評估之研究

Abstract

本研究之主要目的為瞭解台北市國小校園生態池之現況有無達到原設計目的，以檢視使用現況是否與設計者的目標和期望相符合。以自然課程教學為目的的生態池之學校作為研究學校，經由文獻回顧歸納出生態池之重要環境屬性，利用實質環境調查、管理者訪談、使用者問卷調查、現地觀察方式收集相關資料，最後以統計分析方法檢定環境屬性與使用者行為與看法之間的關係。研究結果如下：1.各校生態池中之生物種類多與自然課本中欲教學的生物內容相符合，由學生問卷、教師問卷與行為觀察中皆顯示學生在生態池的行為皆以觀察生物居多，表示校園生態池有達到自然科教學與觀察之目的。2.多數老師與學生認為學校裡有設置生態池，可以幫助自然科目的教學與學習，顯示師生對生態池有正面看法。3.生態池的位置、面積、物種豐富度、生物種類比例會影響學生在下課時間使用生態池與否和停留時間，因此未來若有學校要設置生態池，建議將生態池設置在學校建築的中央、水池面積宜大、生物種類與數量宜多樣化、池中宜有自然課本中欲教學的生物，以增加學生使用生態池的頻率與停留時間。4.動物種類越多、植物越多樣化，學生越會去觀察動植物，因此，為了增加生物種類與數量，可增加生態池面積、控制水質酸鹼值與溶氧量、增加多孔隙空間，並使用自然材質作為池壁邊坡施工材料、定期進行植物的清除與管理，以促進生物的生長，作為教師自然教學與學生生物觀察之教材。

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the ecological pond design in the elementary schools of Taipei fulfill its purpose, focusing on whether the usage of end-users congruent with the original goals planned by the designers. Using schools that provide natural bio-ecology curriculum and aim with an ecology pond as the source of research basis, induces the ecology pond by way of literature review of the importance of the environment attribute, the use of environmental research, interviews with the management personnel, the end-user questionnaire survey to collect correlation data, and lastly, develop a statistical method to analyze the environmental attribute, and, end-user behavior and viewpoints. The findings of such research discovered that, in various schools, each ecological pond contains biological species found in the textbooks of its curriculum. Using surveys taken from students and teachers, and behavioral observations, it is found that the students just take part in observation of the pond, thus, indicating the pond serves the purpose at maintaining its most natural stage of growth. Most of the teachers and students positively indicated that establishing the ecology ponds most definitely aid in the teachings and studying of the natural bio-ecology curriculum provided by schools. Discovered by the analysis in that, the ecology pond position, the area, the species abundance, the biological type influence in the students’ behavior to use the ecology pond after class and the amount of time spend there. Therefore, for future consideration, it is best to have schools planning to build ecology ponds to consider placing ponds in centrally located within schools, a suitably volume basin container, a diversity in types and quantities of natural organisms correlating to the textbook materials, the pond has in the natural textbook to want suitably the teaching the biology to increase the frequencies of visits and amount of time spend at the ecology pond by students. Students tend to visit the ecology pond more when the variety and diversity in the living organisms are vast and thriving naturally. Therefore, in order to ensure and provide for a rich growth of natural habitat, it is recommended to increase the area of the ecology pond, appropriate control of the water quality acid/alkali PH value and amount of dissolved oxygen, increases a multi-pore space, using natural materials in constructing the walls, and, periodical maintenance and management can promotes biological growth, taking students to experience real-life teaching through natural observation outside of textbook teachings.