頻率量尺詞在不同量表類型與不同作答策略的影響

Abstract

過去有關於頻率量尺詞的研究結果顯示，受試者的反應會受到頻率量尺詞的影響，假如給予受試者較高的頻率語詞，會導致受試者報告出來的反應次數較高，反之，若給予較低的頻率語詞，受試者報告出來的反應次數較低。研究一有別於過去研究者採用的受試者間設計，將採用受試者內的設計，同時比較兩種不同類型的量表（UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3)以及生活量表）受到頻率量尺詞的影響，這兩種量表的屬性分別為抽象的心理事件以及具體的生活事件。除此之外，在研究二中操弄受試者的反應策略，即比較在可數情境和不可數情境下，受試者受到頻率量尺詞的影響。研究一的結果顯示，不論在UCLA Loneliness Scale （Version 3）還是生活量表，受試者的反應都會受到頻率量尺詞的影響，唯在UCLA Loneliness Scale （Version 3）受試者受到的影響較大。研究二的結果顯示，對UCLA Loneliness Scale （Version 3）而言，不論在何種作答策略情境底下，頻率量尺詞的效果都沒有差異；而生活量表受到頻率量尺詞的影響效果，則會受到可數情境與不可數情境的影響。在可數情境中，受試者的反應都會低於在不可數情境中的反應。由此可知，受試者的反應會受到頻率量尺詞的影響。未來在做相關研究、調查時，研究（調查）者應注意頻率量尺詞的選用。

The past studies revealed that participants’ responses would be affected by frequency word. Participants report higher counts if the higher frequency word was presented, while they report lower counts if the lower frequency word was presented. To discriminate from the past studies adopting between-subject design, Study 1 adopted within-subject design to compare the frequency word effect in two different types of scales, UCLA Loneliness Scale (version.3) and Life Scale. The former measures abstract psychological events and the latter measures concrete life event. Besides, the response strategy was manipulated in Study 2, we tried to compare the frequency word effect in countable-condition and uncountable-condition. In Study 1, we found that the participants’ responses would be affected by frequency word in both scales, but the effect in UCLA Loneliness Scale was greater. The results of Study 2 showed that in UCLA Loneliness Scale there is no difference of frequency word effect between different response strategy conditions; however, the frequency word effect is different in uncountable-condition and uncountable-condition in Life Scale. The participants’ responses in uncountable-condition were lower than uncountable-condition. According to above findings, the participants’ responses certainly were affected by frequency word, which means the selection of frequency word in relevant studies should be noticed.