從情緒向度與不同的心理位置和特性探討 敘事書寫的正面效益

Abstract

本研究欲探討金樹人以「我、你、他」三種不同書寫主格應用的心理位移日記書寫方法（Psychological Displacement Diary-writing Paradigm，PDDP）在每日書寫後與書寫期間結束後的正面效益；146 位書寫者自願參加日記書寫活動，116位被隨機分派到心理位移組，30 位分派到控制組，兩組書寫者各自連續進行十天的心理位移書寫或中性書寫，並在十天書寫的前後進行日常情緒感受與整體生活感受的測量。結果顯示：心理位移組跟控制組在書寫活動前後測的正向指標上並無差異，但低生活狀態的心理位移書寫者則在書寫後測的正向指標上有增加的現象。此外相較於控制組，心理位移組的負向情緒與整體生活感受有負相關結果，顯示心理位移組在書寫活動後減少越多負向情緒者，其整體生活感受增加越多。在每日心理位移組的日記內容分析上，「我」的心理特性能正向預測當日的生活滿意度，「你」和「他」的心理特性能增加正向情緒感受和緩解負向情緒感受；且橫跨心理位移組與控制組的比較，心理位移組在當日書寫後對於正向情緒有較多的增加而對負向情緒則有較多的減少。本研究進一步討論PDDP 與過去日記書寫法的不同，以及PDDP 在每日書寫上與長期書寫上所能帶給書寫者的正向效益。

Jin (2005) reported that diary-writers demonstrated unique characters on each writing subject (I, you, and he/she) and that the stretched psychological distance resulted from the change of different subjects provided short-term and long-term benefits. The present study examined the benefits before and after diary writing with Jin’s psychological displacement diary-writing paradigm (PDDP). 146 participants in total volunteered for the study. 116 were randomly assigned to the PDDP group who wrote their diaries with PDDP for ten consecutive days. The other 30 were in the control group who wrote neutral life-events for ten consecutive days. Tests of daily mood measures and feeling of life as a whole were taken before and after the ten-day period. The results showed that there was no difference between PDDP group and control group on positive indices before and after ten-day writing period. However, in the PDDP group, those who were initially low on the feeling of life as a whole showed significant increase on the positive indices after the ten-day writing period. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the negative indices and the feeling of life as a whole in the PDDP group, meaning that the PDDP diary-writers’ negative emotions decreased after ten-day writing and the feeling of life as a whole increased more. Moreover, the daily content analysis showed that participants in PDDP condition had more positive emotions and less negative emotions after the diary writing. Specifically, using the character of “I” can positively predict life satisfaction, while using the character of “You” and “He/She” can predict an increase of positive emotions and a decrease of negative emotions. The discussions on the comparison between PDDP and traditional diary-writing method and the short-term and long-term benefits from PDDP were further addressed.