請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/28050完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 黃坤祥 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ming-Wei Wu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 吳明偉 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-12T18:35:41Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2010-09-03 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2007-09-03 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2007 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2007-07-31 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 參考文獻
[1] 黃坤祥，“粉末冶金學(再版)”，中華民國粉末冶金協會，2003年，265-275頁。 [2] MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for P/M Structural Parts, 2000 Edition, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ. [3] D. J. Bowe, K. R. Berger, J. G.. Marsden, and D. Garg, “Optimization of Nitrogen/Hydrogen Sintering Atmosphere Composition for Carbon Steel”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 1995, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 29-35. [4] M. Kamada, H. Miura, and Y. Tokunaga, “Austempering of Sintered Low Alloy Steels”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 1991, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 255-263. [5] H. Danninger, “Sintering of Mo Alloyed P/M Steels Prepared from Elemental Powders (1. Sintering Temperature and Mechanical Properties)”, Powder Metallurgy International, 1992, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 73-79. [6] H. Danninger, “Sintering of Mo Alloyed P/M Steels Prepared from Elemental Powders (2. Mo Homogenization and Dimensional Behavior)”, Powder Metallurgy International, 1992, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 163-168. [7] M. W. Wu, K. S. Hwang, and H. S. Huang, “In-Situ Observations on the Fracture Mechanism of Diffusion Alloyed Ni-Containing PM Steels and a Proposed Method for Tensile Strength Improvement”, Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, in press. [8] 吳明偉，”粉末低合金鋼之強化製程與顯微破壞機制”，碩士論文，台灣大學材料科學與工程學研究所，2004年。 [9] J. Puckert, W. A. Kaysser, and G.. Petzow, “Dimensional Changes during Transient Liquid Phase Sintering of Fe-Ni”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 1984, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 301-310. [10] K. S. Hwang and M. Y. Shiau, ”Effect of Nickel on the Sintering Behavior of Fe-Ni Compacts Made from Composite and Elemental Powders”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1996, vol. 27B, pp. 203-211. [11] R. C. Weast and M. J. Astle, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1980-1981, pp. F-65. [12] S. J. Jamil and G.. A. Chadwick, ”Investigation and Analysis of Liquid Phase Sintering of Fe-Cu and Fe-Cu-C Compacts”, Powder Metallurgy, 1985, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 65-71. [13] Y. Trudel and R. Angers, “Properties of Iron Copper Alloys Made from Elemental or Prealloyed Powders”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy and Powder Technology, 1975, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 5-16. [14] R. L. Lawcock and T. J. Davies, “Effect of Carbon on Dimensional and Microstructural Characteristics of Fe-Cu Compacts during Sintering”, Powder Metallurgy, 1990, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 147-150. [15] C. T. Huang and K. S. Hwang, “Properties of Injection Moulded Fe-Cu Parts Made from Composite and Elemental Powders”, Powder Metallurgy, 1996, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 119-123. [16] P. Engdahl, “Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Phosphorus Alloyed Sintered Steel”, Modern Development in Powder Metallurgy, compiled by P. U. Gummeson and D. A. Gustafson, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1988, vol. 20, pp. 655-665. [17] C. Lindberg, “A New Fe-Mo-P Sintered Steel with Extremely High Impact Strength”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by J. M. Capus and R. M. German, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1992, vol. 3, pp. 99-106. [18] A. Molinari, G. Straffelini, V. Fontanari, and R. Canteri, “Sintering and Microstructure of Phosphorus Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 1992, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 285-291. [19] G. Straffelini, V. Fontanari, A. Molinari, and B. Tesi, “Tensile and Fatigue Behaviour of Phosphorus Alloyed Sintered Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 1993, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 135-141. [20] L. Ho-Yi, L. Chuanxi, and Y. Hongyu, “Distribution of Phosphorus in Fe-P-C-Cu-Mo Sintered Alloy and Its Effect on Properties”, Modern Development in Powder Metallurgy, compiled by E. N. Aqua and C. I. Whitman, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1984, vol. 16, pp. 107-122. [21] M. Selecka, A. Salak, and H. Danninger, “The Effect of Boron Liquid Phase Sintering on Properties of Ni-, Mo- and Cr-alloyed Structural Steels”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, vol. 143-144, pp. 910-915. [22] H. Ö. Gulsoy, S. Salman, and S. Özbek, “Effect of FeB Additions on Sintering Characteristics of Injection Moulded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder”, Journal of Materials Science, 2004, vol. 39, pp. 4835-4840. [23] Z. Xiu, A. Salwen, X. Qin, F. He, and X. Sun, “Sintering Behavior of Iron-Molybdenum Steels with the Addition of Fe-B-C Master Alloy Powders”, Powder Metallurgy, 2003, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 171-174. [24] D. Krecar, V. Vassileva, H. Danninger, and H. Hutter, “Characterization of the Distribution of the Sintering Activator Boron in Powder Metallurgical Steels with SIMS”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2004, vol. 379, pp. 605-609. [25] H. Ö. Gulsoy, and S. Salman, “Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded 17-4PH Stainless Steel Powder with Nickel Boride Addition”, Journal of Materials Science, 2005, vol. 40, pp. 3415-3421. [26] D. A. Bohn, R. J. Causton, and A. Lawley, “Effect of Alloying Mode on the Microstructure and Fatigue Behavior of a P/M Fe-Ni-Cu-Mo Steel”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by R. A. Mckotch and R. Webb, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1997, vol. 2, part. 13, pp. 3-30. [27] H. Danninger, D. Spoljaric, A. Arakil, and B. Weiss, “Mo Alloyed PM Structural Steels Prepared by Different Alloying Techniques”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by T. M. Cadle and K. S. Narasimhan, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1996, vol. 4, part. 13, pp. 177-188. [28] R. Haynes, “Development of Sintered Low Alloy Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 1989, vol. 32, no. 2, pp.140-146. [29] M. Khaleghi and R. Haynes, “Sintering and Heat Treatment of Steels Made from a Partially Prealloyed Iron Powder”, Powder Metallurgy, 1985, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 217-223. [30] S. Berg, “Experience and Potential of Diffusion Alloyed Powders”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by C. L. Rose and M. H. Thibodeau, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1999, vol. 2, part. 7, pp. 163-169. [31] N. Douib, I. J. Mellanby, and J. R. Moon, “Fatigue of Inhomogeneous Low Alloy PM Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 1988, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 209-214. [32] R. J. Causton, “The Development of High Performance P/M Steels”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by T. M. Cadle and K. S. Narasimhan, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1996, vol. 4, part. 13, pp. 391-412. [33] L. Azzi, T. Stephenson, S. St-Laurent, and S. Pelletier, “Effect of Nickel Type on Properties of Binder-Treated Mixes”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2005, pp. 1-14. [34] C. Gelinas, F. Chagnon, Y. Trudel, and S. Pelletier, “Optimizing properties of binder-treated ferrous powder premixes”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1995, vol. 1, part. 3, pp. 45-56. [35] 鄭朝旭，李歷圖，“合金參數對燒結硬化合金鋼齒輪特性影響之研究”，粉末冶金會刊，2003年，第28卷，第3期，190-196頁。 [36] G. F. Bocchini, B. Rivolta, G.. Silva, E. Poggio, M. R. Pinasco, and M. G.. Ienco, “Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Some Sinter Hardening Alloys and Comparisons with Heat Treated PM Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 2004, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 343-351. [37] A. B. Davala, A. H. Graham, and R. E. Causton, “Effect of Process Conditions upon Sinter-Hardening Response of FLC-4608 Materials”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by R. A. Mckotch and R. Webb, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1997, vol. 2, part. 14, pp. 81-96. [38] M. Gagne and Y. Trudel, “Enhancing the Properties of Prealloyed PM Materials”, Metal Powder Report, 1992, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 36-41. [39] 余煥騰，陳適範，唐自標，“金屬熱處理學”，六合出版社，1998年。 [40] E. Duchesne, G.. LEsperance, and A. de Rege, “Sinterhardening and Hardenability”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 2000, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 49-59. [41] Bo Hu, A. Klekovkin, D. Milligan, and Ulf Engstrom, “Properties of High Density Cr-Mo Pre-alloyed Materials High Temperature Sintered”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by W. B. James and R. A. Chernenkoff, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2004, part. 7, pp. 28-40. [42] Z. Zhang, K. Frisk, A. Salwen , and R. Sandstrom, ”Mechanical Properties of Fe-Mo-Mn-Si-C Sintered Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 2004, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 239-246. [43] F. Hanejko, A. Taylor, and A. Rawlings, “Advanced Sinter-Hardening Materials and Practices”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 13, pp. 35-47. [44] Ulf Engstrom, J. McLelland, and B. Maroli, “Effect of Sinter-Hardening on the Properties of High Temperature Sintered PM Steels”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 13, pp. 1-13. [45] G.. Fillari, P. King, and F. Hanejko, “High Density Processing of Ancorloy MDC Materials”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by G. Lawcick and M. Wright, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2003, part. 13, pp. 1-13. [46] H. Suzuki, M. Sato, and Y. Seki, “Sinter Hardening Characteristics of Ni-Mo-Mn-Cr Pre-alloyed Steel Powder”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 13, pp. 83-95. [47] B. Lindsley, “Development of a High-performance Nickel-free P/M Steel”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by W. B. James and R. A. Chernenkoff, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2004, part. 7, pp. 19-27. [48] Astaloy CrM Handbook, Höganäs AB, Sweden [49] H. Karlsson, L. Nyborg, S. Berg, and Y. Yu, Proc. ‘EuroPM01’, Nice, 2001, EPMA, vol. 1, pp. 22-27. [50] P. Ortiz and F. Castro, “Thermodynamic and Experimental Study of Role of Sintering Atmosphere and Graphite Additions on Oxide Reduction in Astaloy CrM Powder Compacts”, Powder Metallurgy, 2004, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 291-298. [51] B. Lindqvist and K. Kanno, “Consideration When Sintering Oxidation-Sensitive PM Steels”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 13, pp. 278-290. [52] M. Campos and J. M. Torralba, “Sinterability and Properties of Cr-Mo Prealloyed Low Alloy Steels Astaloy CrM”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 8, pp. 15-28. [53] Y. Yu, “Thermodynamic and Kinetic Behaviors of Astaloy CrM”, SE-263 83, Höganäs AB, Sweden [54] Höganäs Handbook for Sintered Components, Höganäs AB, Sweden, 1997 [55] I. Bertilsson and B. Karlsson, “Dynamic Properties of Sintered Steel”, Powder Metallurgy, 1987, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 183-188. [56] F. Chagnon and Y. Trudel, “Effect of Density on Mechanical Properties of Sinter Hardened P/M Materials”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by J. J. Oakes and J. H. Reinshagen, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1998, vol. 3, part. 12, pp. 119-125. [57] H. Danninger, D. Spoljaric, and B. Weiss, “Microstructural Features Limiting the Performance of P/M Steels”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 1997, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 43-53. [58] H. A. Rodrigues, M. Hanada, M. Folliard, K. Suganaga, and E. Kiser, “Optimization of Dynamic Properties of Gears”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 2, pp. 1-12. [59] K. D. Christian and R. M. German, “Relation between Pore Structure and Fatigue Behavior in Sintered Iron-Copper-Carbon”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 1995, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 51-59. [60] L. Tremblay and F. Chagnon, “Effect of Sintering Temperature and Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of P/M Materials Made from Diffusion-Bonded Powders”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by R. A. Mckotch and R. Webb, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1997, vol. 2, part. 13, pp. 53-66. [61] T. M. Cimino, A. H. Graham, and T. F. Murphy, “The Effect of Microstructure and Pore Morphology on Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Ferrous P/M Materials”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by J. J. Oakes and J. H. Reinshagen, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1998, vol. 3, part. 13, pp. 33-44. [62] R. J. Bourcier, D. A. Koss, R.E. Smelser, and O. Richmond, “The Influence of Porosity on the Deformation and Fracture of Alloys”, Acta Metallurgica, 1986, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2443-2453. [63] W. A. Spitzig, R. E. Semlser, and O. Richmond, “The Evolution of Damage and Fracture in Iron Compacts with Various Initial Porosities”, Acta Metallurgica, 1988, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 1201-1211. [64] K. M. Vedula and R. W. Heckel, “Structure--Property Relations for the Tensile Behavior of Single-Phase Ductile Sintered Materials”, Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, compiled by H. H. Hausner, H. W. Antes, and G. D. Smith, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1981, vol. 12, pp. 759-777. [65] N. Chawla and X. Deng, “Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Porous Sintered Steels”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005, vol. 390A, pp. 98-112. [66] M. Gagne and Y. Trudel, “Effect of Steel Powder Prealloying on Properties of Sintered Materials”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by J. M. Capus and R. M. German, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1992, vol. 5, pp. 1-16. [67] Höganäs Handbook for Sintered Components, Höganäs AB, Sweden, 1999 [68] M. Hanada, N. Motooka, and T. Honda, “Development of Ultra-High Strength Sintered Steel”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by J. M. Capus and R. M. German, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1992, vol. 5, pp. 215-226. [69] T. F. Stephenson, T. Singh, S. S. Sun, and Z. Wang, “Effect of Ni Morphology on the Fatigue Properties of P/M Ni Steels”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 5, pp. 153-164. [70] A. Bergmark, L. Alzati, and U. Persson, “Fatigue Crack Initiation in PM Steel”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 5, pp. 95-103. [71] S. Saritas, R. Causton, W. B. James, and A. Lawley, “Effect of Microstructural Inhomogeneities on the Fatigue Crack Growth Response of a Prealloyed and two Hybrid P/M Steel”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 5, pp. 136-152. [72] 蕭敏佑，”鐵-鎳複合粉之金屬射出成形研究”，碩士論文，台灣大學材料科學與工程學研究所，1992年。 [73] K. S. Hwang, C. H. Hsieh, and G. J. Shu, “Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Fe-1.75Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu-0.4C Steels Made from PIM and Press and Sinter Processes”, Powder Metallurgy, 2002, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 160-166. [74] S. Carabajar, C. Verdu, and R. Fougeres, “Damage Mechanisms of a Nickel Alloyed Sintered Steel during Tensile Tests”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 1997, vol. 232A, pp. 80-87. [75] S. Carabajar, C. Verdu, A. Hamel, and R. Fougeres, “Fatigue Behavior of a Nickel Alloyed Sintered Steel”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 1998, vol. 257A, pp. 225-234. [76] C. Verdu, S. Carabajar; G. Lormand, and R. Fougeres, “Fatigue Crack Growth Characterization and Simulation of a Porous Steel”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2001, vol. 319-321, pp. 544-549. [77] N. Chawla, T. F. Murphy, K. S. Narasimhan, M. Koopman, K. K. Chawla, “Axial Fatigue Behavior of Binder-Treated versus Diffusion Alloyed Powder Metallurgy Steels”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2001, vol. 308A, pp. 180-188. [78] S. J. Polasik, J. J. Williams, and N. Chawla, “Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation of Binder-Treated Powder Metallurgy Steels”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2002, vol. 33A, pp. 73-81. [79] N. Chawla, S. Polasik, K. S. Narasimhan, T. Murphy, M. Koopman, and K. K. Chawla: “Fatigue Behavior of Binder-Treated P/M Steels”, The International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 2001, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 49-57. [80] E. Dudrova, M. Kabatova, and M. Kupkova, “Failure in Fe-Ni-Cu-Mo Sintered Steel under Static Tensile Loading”, Kovové materialy, 2002, vol. 40, pp. 24-33. [81] A. Bergmark, L. Alzati, and U. Persson, “Fatigue Crack Initiation in PM Steel”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by V. Arnhold, C. L. Chu, W. F. Jandeska, and H. I. Sanderow, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2002, part. 5, pp. 95-103. [82] A. Bergmark and L. Alzati, “Fatigue Crack Path in Cu-Ni-Mo Alloyed PM Steel”, Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 2005, vol. 28, pp. 229-235. [83] B. A. Gething, D. F. Heaney, D. A. Koss, and T. J. Mueller, “The Effect of Nickel on the Mechanical Behavior of Molybdenum P/M Steels”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2005, vol. 390A, pp. 19-26. [84] S. T. Campbell, T. Singh, T. F. Stephenson, “Improved Hardenability of P/M Steels Using Extra-Fine Ni Powder”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by W. B. James and R. A. Chernenkoff, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2004, part 7, pp. 105-115. [85] Z. R. He, G.. X. Lin, and H. A. Chen, “Micro-Mechanical Behaviour around Phase-Interfaces in Steels and the Associated Macro Mechanical Properties”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2001, vol. 319-321A, pp. 312-315. [86] M. Dollar, I. M. Bernstein, and A. W. Thompson: “Influence of Deformation Substructure on Flow and Fracture of Fully Pearlitic Steel”, Acta Metallurgica, 1988, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 311-320. [87] G. Piotrowski, X. Deng, N. Chawla, K.S. Narasimhan, and M. Marucci, “Fatigue Crack Growth of Fe-0.85Mo-2Ni-0.6C Steels with a Heterogeneous Microstructure”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by W. B. James and R. A. Chernenkoff, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2004, part. 10, pp. 86-97 [88] X. Deng, G.B. Piotrowski, and N. Chawla, “Fatigue Crack Growth of Prealloy Fe-0.85Mo-2Ni-0.6C Steels with a Homogeneous Microstructure”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by T. M. Cadle and K. S. Narasimhan, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2005, pp. 111-124. [89] S. St-Laurent, P. Lemieux, and S. Pelletier: “Behavior of Sinter Hardening Powders during Sintering”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by W. B. James and R. A. Chernenkoff, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 2004, part. 10, pp. 145-159. [90] A.W. Wilson and G. Spanos, “Application of Orientation Imaging Microscopy to Study Phase Transformations in Steels”, Materials Characterization, 2001, vol. 46, pp. 407–418. [91] A.W. Wilson, J. D. Madison, and G. Spanos, “Determining Phase Volume Fraction in Steels by Electron Backscattered Diffraction”, Scripta Materialia, 2001, vol. 45, pp. 1335-1340. [92] J. Wu, P. J. Wray, C. I, Garcia, M. Hua, and A. J. Deardo, “Image Quality Analysis: A New Method of Characterizing Microstructures”, ISIJ International, 2005, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 254-262. [93] R. K. Shiue, K. C. Lan, C. Chen, “Toughness and Austenite Stability of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Welds after Tempering”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2000, vol. 287A, pp. 10-16. [94] T. Tunberg and L. Nyborg, “Surface Reactions during Water Atomisation and Sintering of Austenitic Stainless Steel Powder”, Powder Metallurgy, 1995, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 120-129. [95] A. L. Sozinov and V. G. Gavrilijuk, “Estimation of Interaction Energies Me-(C, N) in F. C. C. Iron-Based Alloys Using Thermo-Calc Thermodynamic Database”, Scripta Materialia., 1999, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 679-683. [96] T. M. Puscas, M. Signorini, A. Molinari, and G.. Straffelini, “Image Analysis Investigation of the Effect of the Process Variables on the Porosity of Sintered Chromium Steels”, Materials Characterization, 2003, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1-10. [97] L. Blanco, M. Campos, J. M. Torralba, and D. Klint, “Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity Effects in Sintered and Heat Treated High Performance Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 2005, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 315-322. [98] W. F. Smith, Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Co., New York, 1993, pp. 136-137. [99] A. Moser and A. Legat, 'A Calculation of Hardenability from the Chemical Composition”, Hart. Techn. Mitt., 1969, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 100-105. [100] H. Miura, T. Baba, and T. Honda, “The Effect of Heterogeneous Structure on the Properties of Sintered Low Alloy Steels”, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, compiled by T. M. Cadle and K. S. Narasimhan, MPIF, Princeton, NJ, 1996, vol. 4, part. 13, pp. 42-49. [101] D. A. Porter and K. E. Easterling, Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, 2nd Edition, Stanley Thornes Publishing Co., 1992, pp. 96-98. [102] O. Yu Kalashnikova, “Special Feature of Fracture of Steels from Partially-Alloyed Powders”, Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 2004, vol. 46, no. 3-4, pp. 161-166. [103] G. Straffelini and A. Molinari, “Microstructure and Mechanical Reliability of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Ferrous Alloys”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 1996, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 27-33. [104] N. Candela, F. Velasco, J. M. Torralba, “Fracture Mechanisms in Sintered Steels with 3.5wt% Mo”, Materials Science and Engineering A, 1999, vol. 259A, pp. 98-104. [105] M. Dubensky and D. A. Koss, “Void/Pore Distributions and Ductile Fracture”, Metallurgical Transaction A, 1987, vol. 18A, pp. 1887-1895. [106] E. Magnusen, P. S. Follansbee, and D. A. Koss, “The Influence of Strain Rate and Porosity on the Deformation and Fracture of Titanium and Nickel”, Metallurgical Transaction A, 1985, vol. 16A, pp. 2273-2281. [107] T. Marcu, A. Molinari, G. Straffelini, and S. Berg, “Microstructure and Tensile Properties of 3%Cr-0.5%Mo High Carbon PM Sintered Steels”, Powder Metallurgy, 2005, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 139-143. [108] M. Youseffi, C. S. Wright, and F. M. Jeyacheya, “Effects of Silicon Addition and Process Conditions upon α-Phase Sintering, Sinter Hardening, and Mechanical Properties of Fe-1.5Mo Powder”, Powder Metallurgy, 2002, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 53-62. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/28050 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 含鎳粉末冶金鋼的應用十分廣泛，不過因為鎳通常分佈相當不均勻而使組織中存在許多富鎳區，文獻中都指出這些富鎳區對機械性質影響相當大，但因為這些富鎳區的組織相當細微，所以其真實結構至今還沒被詳細鑑定，因此本研究首先利用EBSD配合成分與微硬度分析來針對燒結鋼中的各種富鎳區進行分類與結構鑑定，其結果顯示共有三種富鎳區，分別為富鎳肥粒鐵、麻田散鐵與沃斯田鐵。
這些富鎳區的形成原因一般被歸因於鎳在鐵中的低擴散速率，但其真正的形成機制至今還沒有被充分瞭解，所以本研究亦將此列為一主題，利用顯微組織與熱力學計算(Thermo-Calc Program)的結果來探討碳與鎳及其他合金元素(鉻、鉬)間的交互作用與分佈情形。其結果顯示鎳與碳之間會有強烈的排斥現象，所以鎳將會迫使碳離開富鎳區，這導致了低強度低碳富鎳區的形成，並成為破裂起始區。而鉻與鉬因為可以減緩鎳與碳之間的排斥現象，所以可以有效消除富鎳肥粒鐵與波來鐵，因而大幅提升了機械性質，其中鉻的效應較佳，可使抗拉強度提升100%以上。 最後為了瞭解不同強化方式對粉末冶金鋼機械性質的影響，本研究也把結果與先前文獻進行討論，結果發現促進組織均勻化與強化顯微組織才是提升粉末冶金鋼機械性質最有效的方法，其效應遠大於改良孔洞特徵和其他因素的影響。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Ni-containing PM steels are used extensively in the industry. Due to the non-uniform Ni distribution, many Ni-rich areas are present in the microstructure. It had been reported that these Ni-rich areas play an important role on the mechanical properties, although their true structures had not been clearly identified. To understand the behaviors of the Ni-rich areas under the mechanical loading, the first objective of this study was thus to identify the actual structures of these Ni-rich areas using electron backscatter diffraction, microhardness, and quantitative analyses. The results show that there are three types of Ni-rich areas: ferrite, martensite, and austenite.
It is generally believed that the Ni-rich areas are formed due to the slow diffusion rate of Ni in Fe. But, other mechanisms are still possible. Thus, the second objective was to understand fully the formation mechanism of the Ni-rich areas. The method for eliminating the weak Ni-rich areas is also proposed. Based on the results of microstructures and thermodynamic calculations, the interactions between C and alloying elements, particularly Ni, Cr, and Mo, are analyzed. The results indicate that there is a strong repulsion between C and Ni, which forces C out of the Ni-rich areas. The low-strength Ni-rich/C-lean areas are thus formed and impair the mechanical properties significantly. It is also found that Cr could alleviate the Ni-C repulsion and eliminate the weak ferrite and pearlite, which are responsible for the fracture at low loadings. With Cr additions, the tensile strengths are thus much improved by more than 100%. These results show that improving the microstructural homogeneity and strengthening the microstructures are the most effective method for improving the mechanical properties compared to that of using high sintering temperature, long sintering time, and using fine powders. The effect of improving the properties of the matrix is far better than that of modifying the pore characteristics. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-12T18:35:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-96-D93527011-1.pdf: 54385929 bytes, checksum: 963649d7522e44c6517f1e245183bc26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 .........................................Ⅰ
Abstract ....................................Ⅱ 目錄 ........................................Ⅳ 表目錄 .......................................Ⅶ 圖目錄 .......................................Ⅷ 第一章 簡介 ..................................1 第二章 文獻回顧 .............................. 3 2-1 粉末冶金鋼中合金元素的效應.............3 2-2 合金鋼粉的總類.........................5 2-3 燒結硬化型合金鋼...................... 8 2-4 CrM與CrL含鉻預合金鋼粉的介紹 ........12 2-4-1 燒結行為 ..................... 12 2-4-2 機械性質 ........................19 2-5影響粉末冶金鋼機械性質的要素 ..........25 2-5-1 燒結密度.........................25 2-5-2 孔洞特徵.........................26 2-5-3 成分 ...........................30 2-5-4 顯微組織.........................31 2-6 粉末冶金鋼的破壞機制 .................33 2-6-1拉伸破壞機制 .....................33 2-6-2疲勞破壞機制 .....................41 2-7 研究動機..............................47 第三章 實驗................................. 49 3-1 實驗設計..............................49 3-2 粉末特徵 .............................50 3-3 熱脫脂................................52 3-4 燒結..................................52 3-5 冷卻條件..............................52 3-6 回火條件..............................52 3-7 密度測量..............................53 3-8 碳含量分析............................53 3-9 金相實驗..............................53 3-10 定量成分分析與合金元素分佈...........53 3-11 硬度測量.............................54 3-12 拉伸試驗.............................54 3-13 EBSD試片製備.........................54 3-14 TEM試片製備..........................54 3-15熱力學模擬計算........................55 3-16 測試儀器.............................55 第四章 結果...................................56 4-1 Fe-4Ni-0.5Mo-1.5Cu-0.5C合金鋼的顯微組織..56 4-2 粉末冶金鋼中富鎳區的相鑑定 ...........63 4-2-1 EBSD鑑定.........................63 4-2-2 TEM分析..........................68 4-3 添加3wt%316L不銹鋼粉對粉末冶金鋼的影響 ..73 4-3-1 顯微組織的發展...................73 4-3-2 機械性質的影響...................81 4-3-3 破裂路徑的影響...................81 4-4 熱力學計算............................89 4-4-1 合金元素對碳的化勢之影響 ........89 4-4-2 碳對合金元素的化勢之影響.........89 4-4-3 碳和合金元素間的交互作用.........92 4-4-4 擴散偶分析.......................94 4-5 使用含鉻預合金鋼粉對含鎳粉末冶金鋼的影響...100 4-5-1 顯微組織的影響........................100 4-5-2 碳含量對顯微組織的影響 ...............104 4-5-3 機械性質的比較........................107 4-6 使用含鉻和鉬預合金鋼粉對含鎳粉末冶金鋼的影響..113 4-6-1 顯微組織的變化........................113 4-6-2 合金元素的分佈........................117 4-6-3 機械性質的比較........................124 4-6-4 破裂路徑與破斷面分析..................127 第五章 討論 .......................................130 5-1 富鎳區的形成機制與消除方式 ...............130 5-2 粉末冶金鋼的破壞機制.......................133 5-2-1 裂縫的成核與擴展......................133 5-2-2 破斷面的特徵..........................135 5-2-3 破壞路徑..............................136 5-3 鉻與鉬對含鎳粉末冶金鋼的影響...............137 5-4碳含量對含鎳粉末冶金鋼的影響................139 5-5 粉末冶金鋼的強化機制.......................141 第六章 結論 .......................................145 參考文獻 ..........................................147 作者簡介...........................................164 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 粉末冶金鋼 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 相鑑定 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 顯微組織 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 熱力學模擬計算 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 破壞機制 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 燒結 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | powder metallurgy | en |
| dc.subject | phase identification | en |
| dc.subject | microstructure | en |
| dc.subject | thermodynamic calculation | en |
| dc.subject | fracture | en |
| dc.subject | sintering | en |
| dc.subject | steel | en |
| dc.title | 含鎳粉末冶金鋼的破壞與強化機制 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The Fracture and Strengthening Mechanisms of Ni-Containing Powder Metal Steels | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 95-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳均,莊東漢,王文雄,高振宏,蔡屢文 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 粉末冶金鋼,燒結,破壞機制,熱力學模擬計算,顯微組織,相鑑定, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | powder metallurgy,steel,sintering,fracture,thermodynamic calculation,microstructure,phase identification, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 168 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2007-07-31 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 材料科學與工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 材料科學與工程學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-96-1.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 53.11 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。