提前退休教師日常生活資訊行為模式之探究

Abstract

在教改的壓力以及退休金優惠的吸引力下，台灣因政府制度面影響而出現大量教師的退休，另一方面，此族群平均退休年齡呈現逐年下降的趨勢，主要集中於50-55歲之間。此族群為台灣特有現象，然而，關於退休教師之研究，文獻多半以教育學、心理學、社會學等相關領域，且多將重點至於生活現況的部分，較少關注資訊行為，以上諸點觸發了本研究之動機。 由於日常生活的概念較為零散，為使研究有效進行，本研究以Savolainen所提之日常生活資訊尋求模式（Everyday Life Information Seeking，簡稱ELIS）做為指引，建立研究架構，進而提出三項研究問題： 1. 研究對象之日常生活由何構成？ 2. 研究對象日常生活中資訊行為由何構成？ 3. 研究對象日常生活資訊行為的歷程為何？ 透過上述三項研究問題，希冀達成以下目的：一、了解研究對象之日常生活；二、了解研究對象日常生活中之資訊行為；三、建立研究對象日常生活資訊行為模式。 本研究主要以深度訪談法及參與觀察法進行資料蒐集工作，並輔以簡易調查表、非正式訪談等實證資料的蒐集。資料分析上，首先以「事件（event）」為單位重組原始資料，發現了構成日常生活及資訊行為之面向；接著進行跨個案之比較，萃取共通性的現象，並將之加以概念化與模式化。 研究發現，提前退休日常生活主要存在一套個人建構的生活方式（Way of Life），可藉由「生活活動」、「興趣」、「消費模式」、「生活態度」等四面向加以具體描述，了解受訪者如何組成生活。另一方面，又從生活方式之內容萃取出受訪者為何以此方式生活的要素，結果發現「追求歸屬的需要」、「維持互相支援的關係」、「經營夢想的實現」、「面對生活需求的必要性」、「享受被需要的感覺」、「品嘗『多愛自己一點』的滋味」等六項，在提前退休教師生活中佔有重要的意義。 在資訊行為方面，本研究發展出「情境」、「接觸資訊的意圖」、「接觸資訊的行動」、「資訊來源」、「資訊內容」、「資訊使用」等六個面向，做為描繪退休教師資訊行為的具體要項。概觀來看，情境是貫串整個資訊行為的背景，而資訊行為循著「產生尋求資訊的意圖

More and more teachers in Taiwan are choosing to take early retirement from their jobs because of the influence of government policies: the pressure of Education Reform, and the attractiveness of pension policy. Due to these two reasons, senior teachers often decide to retire immediately upon reaching retirement age, resulting in a previously unseen “retiring boom” in Taiwan. Statistics show that the number of early-retiring teachers has increased substantially since 2000; meanwhile, the average age of retirement has decreased, falling between 50 and 55 years old. In the literature that investigates the everyday life of retiring teachers, most researchers have focused their analysis in the areas of psychology, sociology, and education. Rarely have they considered early-retiring teachers in terms of information science. This study explores information behaviors in the early- retiring teachers’ everyday life. Research framework of this study was guided from the model of Everyday Life Information Seeking（ELIS）proposed by Savolainen in 1995, and the purposes are 1) to explore how early-retiring teachers construct their everyday lives; 2) to understand the information behaviors of everyday life displayed by early-retiring teachers and how it relates to their everyday lives; and 3) to establish an empirical model that illustrates everyday life information behaviors. This study used questionnaire, in-depth interview, and participant observing methods to collect data. We organized the raw materials by the unit of event and came up with dimensions that construct everyday life and information behaviors. Then we did analysis by comparing cases, focusing on the common phenomenon, which were later conceptualized and modelized. In this study, we found that the daily life of a retiring teacher is made up of four dimensions: Activities, Interests, Consumption models and Attitudes, and six meanings: Seeking a Sense of Belonging, Maintaining Supportive Relationships with Friends, Pursuing Actualization of Dreams, Facing the Necessities of Life, Enjoying the Feeling of Being Needed, and Appreciating the Sense of “Loving Yourself”. In addition, we found that early-retiring teacher’s information behaviors are comprised of the following six aspects: Contexts, Attempts to Access Information, Actions to Access Information, Information Sources, the Information Itself, and Information Use. Two information behaviors flow-charts were found, including information behaviors in purposeful contexts and information behaviors in un-purposeful contexts with six action routes. Finally, we found the relationships between the everyday life information behaviors of early- retiring teachers and their everyday lives, including 1) information behaviors occur in order to maintain a consistency of life that is in response to specific situations in a person’s life; 2) information behaviors and everyday life are mutually dependent on each other; and 3) people create their own meanings for information. A model of information behaviors was thus built. This study suggests that information behaviors researchers pay more attention on the methodologies of researches on everyday life information behaviors and test the model built from this study in other related researches. This study also suggests that information providers carefully design the information environment in order to assist retirees in interacting with such an environment, adequately manage and take advantage of human resources of the elders, and improve the elders’ technical skills and information literacy to deal with their life efficiently.