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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 顏瑞泓 | |
dc.contributor.author | Wei-hao Ho | en |
dc.contributor.author | 何偉豪 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-12T18:06:04Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2011-01-01 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2008-01-10 | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2008-01-03 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 王一雄,1997。土壤環境污染與農藥。國立編譯館主編。p.148
王正雄,2001。持久性有機污染物經食物鏈之生物累積與濃縮。環境檢驗通訊雜誌。p.14-17。 邱子權,2004。有機氯化烴殺蟲劑厭氧微生物降解作用與其菌群結構之研究。國立台灣大學農業化學研究所博士論文。 植物保護手冊。行政院農業委員會農業藥物毒物試驗所編印。p.217, p.257, p. 281, p.302 行政院農業委員會農糧字第0910020561號91.6.12公告。二福隆(Diflubenzuron)農藥有效成分檢驗方法。 行政院農業委員農授防字第0931484127號93.3.4公告。氟芬隆(Flufenoxuron)農藥有效成分檢驗方法。 行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局防檢三字第0951484151號95.2.21公告。諾伐隆(Novaluron)農藥有效成分檢驗方法 行政院環境保護署公報,NIEA S201.60T,中華民國八十三年二月。土壤中陽離子交換容量-酸醋銨法。 Amann, R. I., W. Ludwig and K.-H. Schleifer. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. Microbial. Rev. 59:143-169. Ball, D. F., 1964. Loss-on ignition as estimate of organic matter and organic carbon in non calcareous soils. J. Soil Sci. 15:84-92. Biederbeck, V. O., C. A. Campbell and A. E. Smith. 1987. Effects of long-term 2,4-D field applications on soil biochemical processes. J. Environ. Qual. 16:257-262. Cowan, D. A. 2000. Microbial genomes -- the untapped resource. Trends in biotech. 18:14-16. Cooper, J. F., G. D. A. 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Macrotransport of a biologically reacting solute through porous media. Water Resour. Res. 32:307-320. Elliot, L.F., J. M. Lynch and R. T. Papendick. 1996. The microbial component of soil quality. In: Soil Biochemistry, vol. 9 (Bollag, J.M. and Stotzky, G.., Eds.), pp. 1-21. Marcel Dekker, New York. Gee, G. W. and J. W. Bauder. 1986. Paryicle-size analysis. In“Methods of soilAnalysis”.Part 2. Klute A. ed., pp. 383-441. Agro. No.9 ASA-SSSA. Wisconson. Gelsomino, A., A. C. Keijzer-Wolters, G. Cacco and J. D. van Elsas. 1999. Assessment of bacterial community structure in soil by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. J. Microbial. Methods 38:1-15. Heuer, H., M. Krsek, P. Baker, K. Smalla, and E. M. H. Wellington. 1997. Analysis of actinomycete communities by specific amplification of genes ecoding 16S rRNA and gel-electrophoretic separation in denaturing gradient. Appl. Environ. Microbial. 63:3233-3241. Heuer, H., K. Hartung, G. Wieland, I. Kramer and K. Smalla. 1999. Polynucleotide probes that target a hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes toidentify bacterial isolates corresponding to bands of community fingerprints. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1045-1049. Metcalf, R.L., I.P. Kapoor, P.Y. Lu, C.K. Schuth, and P. Sherman. 1973. Model ecosystem studies of the environmental fate of six organochlorine pesticides. Environment Health Perspectives. 4:35-44. Muyzer, G., E. C. De waal and A. G. Uitterlinden. 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 695-700. McLean, E. O. 1982. Soil pH and lime Requirement, In“Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties”2nd ed., Page A. L. ed., p.199-224, Academic Press, New York. Muyzer, G., E. C. De waal and A. G. Uitterlinden. 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 695-700. Nimmo W. B., P. C. de Wilde and A. Verloop. 1984. The degradation of diflubenzuron and its chief metabolites in soils. Part I: Hydrolytic cleavage of diflubenzuron. Pestic. Sci. 15:574-585. Nübel, U., B. Engelen, A. Felske, J. Sanaidr, A. Wieshuber and R. I. Amann. 1996. Sequence heterogeneities of genes encoding 16S rRNAs in Paenibacillus polymyxa detected by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis. J. Bacteriol. 178:5636-5643. Pavan F., P. Barro, C. Floreani, N. Gambon, G. Stefanelli, P. Mutton. 2005. Residual activivty of chitin synthesis inhibitors on Lobesia botrana larvae reared in the laboratory on field collected grape berries. Bulletin of Insectology 58(2):113-117. Rabenhorst, M. C. 1988. Determination of organic carbon in calcareous soil using dry combustion. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:915-969. Ranjard, L., F. Poly., and S. Nazaret. 2000. Monitoring complex bacterial communities using culture-independent molecular techniques: application to soil environment. Res. Microbiol. 151:167-177. Schneider M. I., G. Smagghe, S. Pineda, and E. Vinuela. 2004. Action of insect growth regulator insecticides and spinosad on life history parameters and absorption in third-instar larvae of the endoparasitoid Hyposoter didymator. Biol. 31:189-198. Smit, E., P. Leeflang and K. Wernars. 1997. Detection of shifts in microbial community structure and diversity in soil caused by copper contamination using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction enzyme. FEMS. Microbiol. Ecology. 23:249-261. Sluiter C., J. J. Kettenes-van den Bosch, E. Hop, O. A. G. J. van der Houwen, W. J. M. Underberg, A. Bult. 1999. Degradation study of the investigational anticancer drug clanfenur. International J. of Pharm. 185:227-235. Somerville, L. and M. P. Greaves. 1987. Pesticide Effects on Soil Microflora. Taylor and Francis, New York. Soon, Y. K. and S. Abbound. 1991. A comparison of some methods for soil organic carbon determination. Commum. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 22:943-954. Tanner D. K., and M. F. Moffett. 1995. Effects of diflubenzuron on the reproductive success of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis Macrochirus. Environ. Toxicol. and chemistry. 14(8):1345-1355. Walker, A. 1974. A simulation model for prediction of herbicide persistence. J. Environ. Qual. 3:396-401. Walkley, A. 1946. A critical examination of a rapid method for carbon in soils -effect of variations in digestion conditions and of organic soil constituents. Soil Sci. 63:251-264. Woese, C. R. 1987. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51:221-271. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/27467 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究探討三種尿素衍生物殺蟲劑:二福隆(diflubenzuron)、氟芬隆(flufenoxuron)及諾伐隆(novaluron)在土壤中的消散,並結合核酸萃取、聚合酶鏈鎖反應(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)及變性梯度凝膠電泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, DGGE)等生物技術來瞭解不同濃度藥劑處理下土壤微生物的菌相變化。實驗採用坡堵系與五里林系兩種土壤,分別添加濃度1、10及50 mg/kg的殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆,定期以HPLC分析土壤中的藥劑殘量,並萃取土壤總DNA後,利用16S rDNA上之泛用引子進行PCR將DNA片段複製放大,再以DGGE電泳觀察施用二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆後各時間點土壤細菌族群結構的變化。實驗結果發現,三種農藥在滅菌土壤中的消散速率均明顯較在未滅菌土壤中緩慢,顯示此三種農藥在土壤中的消散是經由微生物的降解作用。以一級動力方程式計算坡堵系土壤中添加1、10及50 mg/kg二福隆的處理,半衰期依序為3.0、10.1及45.9天,氟芬隆三種起始濃度半衰期依序為75.3、105及433.2天,諾伐隆為27.7、192.5及301.4天,不同藥劑濃度結果顯示,三種殺蟲劑的降解速率皆以高濃度處理者較低濃度處理降解速率較慢。三種農藥的比較又以二福隆的降解速率最快。由PCR-DGGE指紋圖譜發現,添加藥劑後土壤菌相與鮮土菌相不同,坡堵系土中三種農藥以諾伐隆對土壤菌相之影響最明顯,在孵育第119天時與鮮土歧異度最大,為41 %。五里林系土中也以諾伐隆對土壤菌相影響較明顯,在孵育第1天即與鮮土有57 %的歧異度。二福隆及氟芬隆在藥劑降解完畢後,土壤菌相有回復到鮮土菌相的趨勢。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This study is aim to investigate the dissipation of three benzoylurea insecticides in soil, including diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, and novaluron. The soils used in this study were sampled from Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station(Pu)and Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station(Wl), respectively. Different concentration of insecticides, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg were applied into the soil. The residues of insecticides in the soil were analyzed with HPLC. The variation of soil bacterial communities during incubation was analyzed with DGGE.
It showed that insecticides in sterilized soil have slower dissipation rate than in nonsterilized soil, which strongly imply that insecticide dissipation was caused by microbial degradation. Fitting in first-order equation, half-life of 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg diflubenzuron in soil Pu were 3.0, 10.1, and 45.9 days, respectively; soil treated with flufenoxuron were 75.3, 105, 433.2 days; soil treated with novaluron were 27.7, 192.5, and 301.4 days. Degradation rate was slower as applying 50 mg/kg insecticide than other two concentrations. Degradation rate of diflubenzuron was the fastest among the three insecticides. The DGGE fingerprint showed that after applying insecticides to the soil, bacterial communities was different from the fresh soil. The biodiversity in soil(Pu)community structure to the fresh soil was 41 % as applying 50 mg/kg novaluron into soil, and 57 % as applying 50 mg/kg novaluron to the soil(Wl). | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-12T18:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-97-R94623020-1.pdf: 5211527 bytes, checksum: d6c033f5d5e82b819ceae93be1b75ac8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要………………I
英文摘要………………II 目錄………………III 圖目錄………………IV 表目錄………………VI 一、前言………………1 (一) 農藥的施用與面臨的問題………………1 (二) 土壤微生物的作用………………2 (三) 本研究相關生物技術簡介………………4 二、研究目的………………6 三、材料與方法………………7 四、結果與討論………………19 (一) 殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆在土壤中的消散………………19 (二) 農藥降解過程中土壤細菌組群結構分析………………27 五、結論………………63 六、參考文獻………………64 圖一、DGGE原理示意圖(A)垂直電泳(B)水平電泳………………5 圖二、PCR 反應溫度控制條件圖………………17 圖三、添加10 mg/kg二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆於滅菌土壤中的消散情形(A).坡堵系(Pu) (B).五里林系(W1)………………21 圖四、添加不同濃度二福隆於土壤中的消散情形………………22 圖五、添加不同濃度氟芬隆於土壤中的消散情形………………23 圖六、添加不同濃度諾伐隆於土壤中的消散情形………………24 圖七、坡堵系土壤中添加1 mg/kg二福隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………28 圖八、坡堵系土壤中添加10 mg/kg二福隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………30 圖九、坡堵系土壤中添加50 mg/kg二福隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………32 圖十、坡堵系土壤中添加1 mg/kg氟芬隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………34 圖十一、坡堵系土壤中添加10 mg/kg氟芬隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………36 圖十二、坡堵系土壤中添加50 mg/kg氟芬隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………38 圖十三、坡堵系土壤中添加1 mg/kg諾伐隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………40 圖十四、坡堵系土壤中添加10 mg/kg諾伐隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………42 圖十五、坡堵系土壤中添加50 mg/kg諾伐隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………44 圖十六、五里林系土壤中添加1 mg/kg二福隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………46 圖十七、五里林系土壤中添加10 mg/kg二福隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………48 圖十八、五里林系土壤中添加50 mg/kg二福隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………50 圖十九、五里林系土壤中添加1mg/kg氟芬隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………52 圖二十、五里林系土壤中添加10 mg/kg氟芬隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………54 圖二十一、五里林系土壤中添加50 mg/kg氟芬隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………56 圖二十二、五里林系土壤中添加1 mg/kg諾伐隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………58 圖二十三、五里林系土壤中添加10 mg/kg諾伐隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………60 圖二十四、五里林系土壤中添加50 mg/kg諾伐隆於孵育期間的PCR-DGGE 圖譜及菌群結構以UPGMA法進行聚類分析之結果………………62 表目錄 表一、在不同生活區域中微生物可培養比例之預測………………3 表二、供試土壤基本性質………………10 表三、農藥二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆的物理化學性質………………13 表四、HPLC分析條件………………16 表五、PCR 反應試劑成分………………17 表六、7% 之 acrylamide/bis 變性凝膠成份………………18 表七、以一次動力方程式計算殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆 在坡堵系土壤中的降解速率常數(K)、半衰期(T1/2) 及決定係數(R2)………………25 表八、以一次動力方程式計算殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆 在五里林系土壤中的降解速率常數(K)、半衰期(T1/2) 及決定係數(R2)………………26 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 尿素系殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆於土壤中的消散作用
及其對土壤細菌族群結構的影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Dissipation of benzoylurea insecticides—
diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, and novaluron in soil, and the effect on soil bacterial community | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 96-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.coadvisor | 王一雄 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 張碧芬,劉秀美,洪傳揚 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 二福隆,氟芬隆,諾伐隆,細菌族群結構,變性梯度凝膠電泳, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Diflubenzuron,Flufenoxuron,Novaluron,Bacterial community structure,Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, | en |
dc.relation.page | 68 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2008-01-04 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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