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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
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dc.contributor.advisor | 王一雄,顏瑞泓 | |
dc.contributor.author | Yu-Ling Hsiao | en |
dc.contributor.author | 蕭鈺齡 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-12T18:03:44Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2009-01-30 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2008-01-30 | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2008-01-21 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. 王一雄,1997。土壤環境汙染與農藥。國立編譯館主編。
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Characterization of the bacterial community of a zinc-polluted soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 45: 326-338. 13. Cowan, D.A. 2000. Microbial genomes – the untapped resource. Trends Biotechnol. 18: 14-16. 14. DiPrima, S. J., R. D. Cannizaro, J. C. Roger and C.D. Ferrell. 1978.Analysis of Diflubenzuron Residues in Environmental Samples by High-pressureLiquid Chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 26: 968-971. 15. El-Nemr, A. and A.M.A. Abdallah. 2004. Organochlorine contamination in some marketable fish in Egypt. Chemosphere 54: 1401-1406. 16. Felske A., B. Engelen, U. Nübel and H. Backhaus.1996. Direct Ribosome Isolation from Soil To Extract Bacterial rRNA for Community Analysis. Appl. Environ. Mcrobiol. 62: 4162-4167. 17. Field, J. A., A. J. M. Stams, Mario K. and G. Schraa. 1995. Enhanced biodegradation of aromatic pollutants in cocultures of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial consortia. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 67: 47-77. 18. Giacomazzi, S., N. Cochet. 2004. 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Oxford Press, New Yourk. pp. 342-343 28. Metcalf, R.L., I.P. Kapoor, P.Y. Lu, C.K. Schuth and P. Sherman, 1973. Model ecosystem studies of the environmental fate of six organochlorine pesticides. Environmental Health Peropectives 4: 35-44. 29. Mortland, M. M., S. Shaobai and S. A. Boyd. 1986. Clay-organic complexes as adsorbents for phenol and chlorophenols. Clays Clay Minerals. 354: 581-585. 30. Muyzer, G., E. C. de Waal and A.G. Uitterlinden. 1993. Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 695-700. 31. Muyzer, G. and K. Smalla. 1998. Application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in microbial ecology. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73:127-141. 32. Nübel U., B. Engelen, A. Felske, J. Snaidr, A. Wieshuber, R. I. Amann, W. Lidwig and H. Backhaus. 1996. 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Distribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in a Stratified Fjord (Mariager Fjord, Denmark) as Evaluated by Most-Probable-Number Counts and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of PCR-Amplified Ribosomal DNA Fragments. Apppl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 1405-1415. 43. Tomlin, C. D. S. 1997. The pesticide manual, 11th edition. British crop protection council. 44. Wang, Y.S., C. Y. Wen, T. C. Chiu and J. H. Yen. 2004. Effect of fungicide iprodione on soil bacterial community. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 59: 127-132. 45. Woese, C. R. 1987. Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51: 221-271. 46. Walkley, A. 1946. Critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soils. Soil Sci. 63: 251-263. 47. Zielezny, Y., J. Groeneweg, H. Vereecken and W. Tappe. 2006. Impact of sulfadiazine and chlorotetracycline on soil bacterial community structure and respiratory activity. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 38: 2372-2380. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/27401 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究中利用土壤管柱淋洗試驗針對三種苯甲醯尿素類殺蟲劑:二福隆 (Diflubenzuron)、氟芬隆 (Flufenoxuron)及諾伐隆 (Novaluron) 在土壤中的垂直移動及淋洗過程中,土壤細菌族群結構改變情形進行探討。二福隆在國內常用於田間害蟲的防治,例如:毛豆、茶樹,或是居家防治蟑螂、蚊子;氟芬隆則為豆類、薑的蟲害推薦用藥;諾伐隆是近三年內才在國內公告的殺蟲劑,主要用於蕃茄夜蛾及玉米螟的防治。供試土壤選用酸性及微鹼性的二種土壤,分別來自桃園農業改良場 (Pu) 及花蓮農業改良場 (Wl),其質地分別為壤土及砂質壤土,pH為5.06及7.62。本實驗於管柱上方加入65 g含50 mg/kg殺蟲劑之風乾土壤,在室溫下 (30℃) 進行淋洗,收集淋洗液,以HPLC分析其中農藥含量。淋洗結束後,分析土壤管柱不同深度之農藥殘量,同時進行土壤總DNA的萃取,再使用聚合酶鏈鎖反應 (Polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 擴增微生物族群的16S rRNA片段,配合變性梯度凝膠電泳 (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE) 觀察不同處理下各個深度土壤中的細菌族群結構。
結果顯示三種苯甲醯尿素類殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆在兩種土壤中經過10週的淋洗後,皆在0~5公分處有最大的殘留量,其在Pu土壤中的殘留量分別為0.15%、37.06%、40.79%;在Wl土壤中的殘留量則為0.32%、63.34%、54.51%。而在5~10公分處則有少量的殺蟲劑殘留,由此可知三種苯甲醯尿素殺蟲劑在兩種土壤中都不易隨淋洗液發生垂直移動。 在不同處理的土壤管柱中的細菌族群結構變化情形,未添加殺蟲劑之空白試驗中可發現,經過10週的淋洗後,隨著土壤管柱深度增加,菌群結構會發生變化,推測淋洗可能會造成菌群的改變。而在添加殺蟲劑的處理中,從PCR-DGGE指紋圖譜可看出,添加殺蟲劑後可能造成土壤中某些優勢菌群的生長,並導致部分細菌族群消失。經過UPGMA方法進行聚類分析後,發現在Wl土壤管柱第一層之菌群和其他深度的菌群比較相似度較低,則和土壤管柱淋洗試驗中殺蟲劑主要分布於管柱0~5公分處的結果相符合,由此可推測,添加殺蟲劑對於Wl土壤細菌族群結構會造成一定的影響;Pu土壤中細菌族群則可能受淋洗或添加殺蟲劑影響,環境有劇烈的變動而使細菌族群結構改變。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The movement and distribution of benzoylurea insecticides diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron and novaluron in soils and the effects on bacterial community of different soil layers were studied in this research. Diflubenzuron was usually used for prevention and cure of the pests in the field, or in the house. Flufenoxuron recommended for the pests of legumes and ginger. However novaluron was a pesticide that licensed in these three years in Taiwan, mainly prevents pests of tomatoes and corns. Two soils used in this study were sampled from Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station and Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station. The soil (Pu) from Taoyuan was loam, pH 5.06 and the other one (Wl) from Hualien was sandy loam, pH 7.62. In this research, dried soil with 50 mg/kg pesticides was added on the top of the soil columns. The soil columns were leached at the room temperature (30℃), and the leachates were collected and analyzed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) for the pesticides. After 10 weeks leaching, soil columns were analyzed for the residues of pesticides layer by layer; meanwhile the DNA of the total soil microorganisms extracted for the next step in the procedure for the experiment was PCR-DGGE (Polymerase chain reaction- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). The variation of bacterial communities was performing with counting the 16S rDNA band on DGGE patterns. The results showed that after leaching periods the pesticides diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron and novaluron hardly moved downward in the soil columns, and mainly appeared in the 0~5 cm depth of columns. The residues in Pu soil columns were 0.15%, 37.06%, and 40.79%; in Wl soil columns were 0.32%, 63.34%, and 54.51%. The DGGE fingerprints showed variations in bacterial communities accompanied depth of soil for blank columns. However, when it comes to the columns treated with pesticides, the DGGE fingerprints indicated that some bacterial communities would be induced, some would be inhibited, others would be inaccessible to the pesticides. Performing Cluster analysis by unweighted pairwise grouping method with mathematical averages (UPGMA) of bacterial community structures with the Wl soil columns, the similarity of the bacterial communities in the 0~5 cm depth is less than the other depth of the soil columns. It matched with the soil leaching test. According to the results, the soil bacterial communities would be influenced by the pesticides; otherwise the bacterial communities in Pu soil could be affected by the variation of the environments due to leaching or pesticides addition. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-12T18:03:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-97-R94623004-1.pdf: 4270983 bytes, checksum: 9cc7db9084671413f8338f70376c1cca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 目錄……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ 表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅸ 一、前言………………………………………………………………………………1 二、文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………………2 (一)、施用農藥的重要及其對環境的影響……………………………………2 (二)、土壤微生物的重要性……………………………………………………5 (三)、本研究所使用之農藥簡介………………………………………………6 (四)、本研究相關生物技術簡介………………………………………………9 三、研究目的…………………………………………………………………………17 四、材料與方法………………………………………………………………………18 (一)、苯甲醯尿素類殺蟲劑在土壤中的垂直移動……………………………18 (二) 三種殺蟲劑的垂直移動對土壤中不同深度細菌之族群結構分析…… …………………………………………………………………………………………29 五、結果與討論………………………………………………………………………36 (一)、苯甲醯尿素類殺蟲劑在土壤中的垂直移動情形………………………36 (二)、不同處理土壤管柱各深度之細菌族群結構分析………………………40 (三) 不同處理土壤管柱相同深度之土壤菌群結構的分析……………………58 六、結論………………………………………………………………………………72 七、參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………73 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 苯甲醯尿素類殺蟲劑二福隆、氟芬隆及諾伐隆在土壤的垂直分佈及對不同土層細菌族群的影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The movement and distribution of insecticides Diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron and novaluron in soils and the effects on bacterial community of different soil layers | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 96-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李國欽,畢修平,黃慶璨 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 二福隆,氟芬隆,諾伐隆,變性梯度凝膠電泳,淋洗, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | diflubenzuron,flufenoxuron,novaluron,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE,leaching, | en |
dc.relation.page | 77 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2008-01-22 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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