從生態旅遊角度探討高中地理科戶外教學景點之適宜性

Abstract

近年從國際性觀光活動的發展，可看出生態旅遊蓬勃發展的趨勢。在台灣，因為相關學者呼籲，促進生態旅遊與教育活動結合的重要性及未來性。在98年高中地理新課程綱要中，強調「地理即生活」的概念，因此新加入地理實察、鄉土教育及生態旅遊的教學目標，突顯出透過教育活動推廣生態旅遊的可行性。 過去的研究多針對生態旅遊的策略、生態旅遊地的選擇或經營管理方面的議題，很少從教育角度探討生態旅遊的發展。有學者從生態旅遊的角度研究戶外教學景點的選擇，但缺乏評估因子的相對權重及驗證，結果顯得不夠客觀。本研究的目的，就是希望利用新的評估方式從生態旅遊的觀點來找出適合從事戶外教學的景點，以作為未來決策者選擇的依據。 從前人的文獻回顧發現戶外教學的影響因子多從國中、小學角度篩選，本研究試著探討高中戶外教學景點選擇的影響因素，因此利用問卷調查法來增加其他考慮因子。建立好評估架構後，利用專家問卷調查法，將問卷結果帶入階層分析法的模式中，以找出因子間的相互權重關係，增加景點評估的客觀性。 為驗證該模式的準確性及可行性，將現行高中地理科實施戶外教學最熱門的四個景點，其中包括陽明山、東北角海岸、北海岸及基隆河上遊、暖冬峽谷景區，所獲得的個別分數代入模式。透過本研究產生的選址評估模式分析，結果得知依據符合生態旅遊條件的景點先後順序為陽明山、東北角海岸、北海岸地區，最後為基隆地區。成果獲得現職高中老師一致認同，表示本研究具有實質的貢獻及應用價值。並且利用不同專家的權重比例分群，未來決策者在使用上更具多樣化及彈性調整的應用。

In recent years, the development of Ecotourism is booming which can be scribed into below two main factors. One is increasing international touring activities and the other is the promotion from the academic. In the new guideline of the high school textbooks also can be found that field investigation and localization education are highly emphasized. Therefore, the trend of combining outdoor education and ecotourism should be much clearer in the near future. The object of this study is from ecotourism point of view to evaluate the proper sites for outdoor education. Due to no subsistent factors can be verified in the previous related study, we try to adopt documents review and questionnaire investigation as our major method to find to the key factors. From previous documents can be found that factors of outdoor education are mainly focus on elementary school and junior high school. This study is trying to aim at senior high school education. Moreover, we bring the result of our questionnaire into AHP model. It can increase the objective of the study and find out the weighted relationship between those factors. This study use four popular outdoor education spots, Yangmingshan National Park, Northeast coastal Scenic Area, North coastal Scenic Area and Nuandong Gorge as targets and find out which is the most suitable for ecotourism. From the result we can found that the sequence of the preference is Yangmingshan National Park, Northeast coastal Scenic Area, North coastal Scenic Area and Nuandong Gorge, which is in line with current point of view of high school teachers. It means this research is accuracy and practicability. Furthermore, using different group of the specialists to adjust the weighted can help to increase the flexibility and variety for the decision makers.