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請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/27003
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor張金堅
dc.contributor.authorWen-Hung Kuoen
dc.contributor.author郭文宏zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-12T17:53:41Z-
dc.date.available2008-03-10
dc.date.copyright2008-03-10
dc.date.issued2008
dc.date.submitted2008-02-27
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/27003-
dc.description.abstract雙側乳癌的發生率、危險因子及存活分析之15年追踨縱貫性世代研究
台灣在世界上乳癌發生率偏低的國家且發病有早發性特徵,本研究旨在探討台灣的雙側乳癌流行病學。本研究共包括有120位雙側乳癌患者及1907位單側乳癌患者; 文中回朔性分析種種可能與雙側乳癌發生有關的因素:包括過去病史、年齡、生育史、初經、身高、體重、停經狀況、停經年齡、抽煙、喝酒、家族病史等。並採用Kaplan-Meier方法,計算雙側乳癌的累積發生率。
結果發現在診斷出第一側乳癌後的第1, 3, 5年後,在另一側再發生乳癌的累計發生率分別是1.15%、1.94%及2.97%。會影響雙側乳癌發生達統計學上有顯著意義的危險因素包括有停經後罹患乳癌(危險比率(Hazard Ratio(HR))=1.56, (95%信賴區間1.00-2.42)),組織型態為浸潤性小葉癌(危險比率=2.98, (95%信賴區間1.35-6.56)),有接受術後輔助性化學治療(危險比率=2.21, ( 95%信賴區間1.43-3.42))或輔助性放射性治療(危險比率=3.32, (95%信賴區間2.19-5.05)),服用抗女性荷爾蒙藥物泰莫西芬(Tamoxifen)則會減少另一側乳癌的發生率(危險比率=0.5, (95%信賴區間0.34-0.74))。另一側再發生的腫瘤大小平均值為2.97厘米小於第一側腫瘤的3.58厘米,兩者的差異趨近於統計學上有意義的值臨界(P值=0.0731)。與發表的西方國家的數據比較,雖然我國乳癌發生率相對偏低,且平均發病年齡較早,一旦一側得到乳癌,再發展出對側乳癌的風險不低,若本身罹患乳癌的組織型態為浸潤性小葉癌,另一側乳癌的發生率較高,台灣雙側乳癌的第二側乳癌相較之下發現的期別較西方國家晚,表示乳癌患者的術後追踨未能精確落實。
在以台大醫院患者為主體的存活分析顯示經過十五年的追蹤,單側乳癌(27.59 %, (514/1863))的死亡率為最低,其次為同時性雙側乳癌(35.29 %, (6 / 17)),異時性雙側乳癌(61.54 %, (16/26))最差。總結單側乳癌,同時性雙側乳癌,異時性雙側乳癌的15年存活率分別為68.37 %,62.63%和26.42%,三者的差異有統計學上的義意(p<0.01) 。異時性雙側乳癌若第一側到第二側的間隔時間短於三年者的預後最差。雙側乳癌患者動情激素受體(Estrogen receptor, ER)的陽性率較單側乳癌低,達統計學上顯著差異(p值0.0396) ,其中同時性雙側乳癌陽性率最低(p值0.0396, vs 異時性雙側乳癌) 。另外同時性雙側乳癌在黃體激素受體Progesteron receptor, PR)的陽性率也是最低的(p值0.0842, vs 異時性雙側乳癌)。在雙側乳癌患中,異時性雙側乳癌較同時性雙側乳癌易有腋下淋巴腺轉移( P值0.0202)。局部復發( P值0.0114)和遠處轉移( P值0.0032)的機會,雙側乳癌均較單側乳癌為高。雙側乳癌中,異時性雙側乳癌的局部復發率又較同時性者為高( P值0.0245) 。雙側乳癌死亡的危險性比率是單側乳癌的3.27倍( 2.15-4.97)。在顯著變量在相互修正後進行多變量分析中,只有是否為雙側乳癌,腫瘤的大小,腋下淋巴腺轉移,以及家族病史對仍死亡有顯著影響。在控制了這4個變量後,雙側乳癌死亡的危險性比率是單側乳癌的2.5倍( 1.43-4.37) ,表示其確為影響死亡的危險因子。
歸納而言,台灣地區乳癌的發生率雖然遠低於西方國家,但具有早發性的特質,婦女當一側診斷為乳癌後,另一側再發生乳癌的相對危險性高。乳癌診斷的年齡較早及病理組織類別為小葉癌則易於發生另一側乳癌。存活分析方面,雙側乳癌是影響預後的獨立因子,尤其是異時型乳癌且兩側發病的間隔少於3年的患者預後最相差,如何落實術後追蹤以便早發現另一側乳癌是非常重要的。
應用動力都卜勒超音波偵測及追蹤腫瘤之血流變化以預測晚期乳癌對新輔助化療之反應
對於局部晚期性乳癌(Advanced breast cancer with severe local disease, ABC)(第三/四期),新輔助化學治療是標準的治療方式,可以讓腫瘤縮小,加強局部控制及提高手術切除的可能性。然而,約有20~30%的晚期乳癌患者在接受癌症新輔助化學治療後沒有反應或反應欠佳。為了防止病人接受不必要的治療,一種具實用性的臨床評估工具能預測臨床上新輔助化學治療的效果是非常需要的。
本研究應用動力都卜勒超音波偵測及追蹤30位晚期乳癌患者的腫瘤血管分佈並定量成血流密度指數(Vascularity index, VI)。患者在化學治療的過程中,每一至兩週接受一次動力都卜勒超音波及傳統二維超音波的檢查。在接受化學治療三個週期後進行反應是否有效的評估:腫瘤大小較化療前縮小超過50%或更多視為有客觀性的臨床反應,在本研究中的整體反應率為70%。
化學治療的反應與原始的腫瘤大小(p=0.563) 和使用的化學治療藥劑(p=0.657)無關。30個病人初始血流密度指數值的中位數是4.99 %。若將所有病人依以此中位數分成高VI及低VI兩組,這兩組對化學治療有反應的比率分別為86.7 %和53.3 %( p = 0.109)。由另一個角度進行分析,以對化學治療是否有反應來分組,有反應患者和無反應患者初始的血流密度指數平均值分別是7.67± 4.77%和4.01 ± 3.82%(p=0.052)。由於研究的樣本數少,並未到達統計學上的顯著意義,但對化學治療有反應的患者,其初始的血流密度指數值較高的趨勢是十分明顯的。
在系列的觀察中,我們發現在有臨床反應的病人,腫瘤內部典型的血流密度變化是在接受化學治療的初期有明顯血管新生在達到頂點之後則血流密度再逐漸下降。在化療進行期間,如果血流密度指數值增量超過5%的所有患者(100%,17/17)都有臨床反應;反之,如果增量小於5%,則有臨床反應的比率降為30.8%(4/13)(p值<0.001)。再者,治療過程中,如果血流密度指數的尖峰值超過10%,94.1%(16/17)的患者有臨床反應;若尖峰值低於10%,反應率只有38.5%(5/13)(p值0.001)。這些偵測指標到達評估的臨界值在血流密度指數值增量超過5%是25.47±12.96 天,在血流密度指數的尖峰值超過10%是25.44±12.41天;此時,若以傳統二維超音波來測量腫瘤縮小的比例,在反應次群及無反應次群間的差異並無統計學上的意義。
除了血流密度指數的變化外,其他傳統的臨床及病理因子方面,包括年齡、期別、動情激素受體,黃體激素受體及第二型上皮生長因子受體的表現情形、組織分化、組織型態、腫瘤大小及使用的化學治療虊物都與化學治療的反應無關,這些因子在多變數分析也無法提升血流密度指數查核點的診斷力。此外,初始血流密度指數值的高低和這些傳統因子間也並没有相關性,表示其為獨立因子特質。
歸納而言,應用動力都卜勒超音波量化腫瘤的血流密度指數是一項很好的臨床檢驗工具,在晚期乳癌患者在接受新輔助化療期間可偵測及追蹤腫瘤之血流變化。血流密度指數值增量超過5%及血流密度指數的尖峰值超過10%是得以在一個月內預測局部晚期乳癌對新輔助化療反應之實用指標。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstractDirection One: Incidence, Risk Factors and Survival Analysis Associated with Bilateral Breast Cancer in Area with Early Age Diagnosis but Low Incidence of Primary Breast Cancer: Analysis of 15-year Longitudinal Cohort in Taiwan
Abstract I
To examine the incidence and risk factors of bilateral breast cancer, a total of 120 and 1902 women with bilateral and unilateral breast cancers, respectively, were enrolled for this study. We selected various factors including individual patient medical history and life style to be the candidate risk parameters for increasing the rate of getting bilateral breast cancer. Using Kaplan-Meier method, we found the cumulative incidence for contralateral breast cancer diagnosed at 1, 3, 5 years after getting the primary breast cancer were 1.15%, 1.94%, and 2.97%, respectively. The significant risk factors were evaluated by their corresponding hazard ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI). They were menopausal status (HR) =1.56; CI: 1.00-2.42), invasive lobular carcinoma (HR=2.98; CI: 1.35-6.56), chemotherapy (HR=2.21; CI:1.43-3.42) and radiotherapy (HR=3.32; CI: 2.19-5.05). However, a significant protective factor was identified to be Tamoxifen therapy (HR=0.5; CI: 0.34-0.74). Size of the secondary tumor (2.97 cm) was found to be smaller than the first one (3.58 cm) but with borderline statistical significance (p=0.0731). Comparing to the existing data in western world, we found a higher risk for developing contralateral breast cancer in Taiwan, where a significant low incidence of primary breast cancer for young women is noted. It suggested that both factors, primary breast tumor onset at early age and lobular carcinoma, are found more likely to develop bilateral breast cancers.
A retrospective cohort study was designed to follow Taiwanese women (N=1907) with primary breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 1999 from National Taiwan University Hospital until December 24th, 2004. They included 1863 unilateral breast cancer and 44 bilateral breast cancer. The mean age of diagnosis as breast cancer for this cohort was 48.71 (
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dc.description.tableofcontents1、中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2、緒論 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
2.1 台灣乳癌現況及乳癌研究的重要性 ----------------------------------------------------5
2.2 雙側乳癌的研究背景及目的 ------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.2.1研究雙側乳癌(Bilateral breast cancer)之重要性 ---------------------------------6
2.2.2 雙側乳癌之流行病學及臨床特徵 --------------------------------------------------8
2.2.3 研究台灣地區雙側乳癌之必要性及目的 ----------------------------------------13
2.3 應用都卜勒超音波追蹤腫瘤血流變化以預測新輔助化療反應的背景及目的 ----14
2.3.1 乳癌的新輔助化療 ------------------------------------------------------------------14
2.3.2 應用動力都卜勒超音波偵測及追蹤腫瘤之血流變化 ------------------------16
3、 研究方法與材料 --------------------------------------------------------------19
3.1雙側乳癌的發生率、危險因子及存活分析之15年追踨縱貫性世代研究 ---------19
3.1.1 研究對象 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
3.1.2 研究設計 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1.3 資料收集 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20
3.1.4 統計分析 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.1.5 時間相依的Cox回歸模型 ----------------------------------------------------------21
3.2 應用都卜勒超音波追蹤腫瘤血流變化以預測新輔助化療反應之研究 -------------23
3.2.1 病患選擇和新輔助化學治療方式 -------------------------------------------------23
3.2.2 超音波之評估 -------------------------------------------------------------------------24
3.2.3 化學治療反應之評估 ----------------------------------------------------------------24
3.2.4 超音波檢查技術和利用動力都卜勒超音波量化腫瘤血流密度 -------------25
3.2.5 統計分析 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------26
4、 結果 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------27
4.1 雙側乳癌的發生率、危險因子及存活分析之15年追踨縱貫性世代研究 -----------27
4.2 應用都卜勒超音波追蹤腫瘤血流變化以預測新輔助化療反應之研究 -------------31
5、 討論 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------34
5.1 雙側乳癌的發生率、危險因子及存活分析之15年追踨縱貫性世代研究 -----------34
5.1.1 雙側乳癌的年發生率 ---------------------------------------------------------------34
5.1.2 影響雙側乳癌發生的危險因子 --------------------------------------------------35
5.1.3 異時性及同時性雙側乳癌 ----------------------------------------------------------36
5.1.4 第二側乳癌與第一側乳癌的比較 -------------------------------------------------38
5.1.5 存活分析 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------38
5.1.6 時間相依的Cox回歸模型 -----------------------------------------------------------39
5.1.7 結論 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40
5.2 應用都卜勒超音波追蹤腫瘤血流變化以預測新輔助化療反應之研究 -------------41
5.2.1 血流密度指數的變化可預測新輔助化學治療的反應 -------------------------41
5.2.3 合用抗血管新生及傳統化學治療藥物有相輔相成的效果 -------------------44
5.2.3 動力都卜勒超音波在偵測乳癌血流變化方面的優勢 -------------------------45
5.2.4 動力都卜勒超音波適用於化學治療後的血流監測 ----------------------------46
5.2.5 動力都卜勒超音波與動態磁振造影的比較 -------------------------------------47
5.2.6 結論 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
6、展望 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------50
6.1 本研究臨床上的貢獻及應用 --------------------------------------------------------------50
6.2 未來可能的研究方向 -------------------------------------------------------------------------55
6.2.1流行病學的追蹤縱貫性世代研究 -------------------------------------------------55
6.2.2運用臨床診斷工具來監測及預測治療的效果 ----------------------------------59
7、論文英文簡述(English Summary) -----------------------------------------60
8、參考文獻 -----------------------------------------------------------------------89
9、圖表 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------102
10、附錄 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------130
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.title乳癌之世代追蹤及腫瘤血流研究zh_TW
dc.titleCohort and Tumor Blood Flow Study of Breast Canceren
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear96-1
dc.description.degree博士
dc.contributor.coadvisor謝豐舟
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee陳水田,邵耀華,果伽藍,陳培哲
dc.subject.keyword乳癌,雙側乳癌, 危險因子,發生率,晚期乳癌,血管新生,新輔助化學治療,動力都卜勒超音波,血管密度指數,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordbreast cancer,bilateral breast cancer,risk factor, incidence,survival,advanced breast cancer,angiogenesis,neoadjuvant chemotherapy,power Doppler sonography,vascularity index,en
dc.relation.page131
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2008-02-27
dc.contributor.author-college醫學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept臨床醫學研究所zh_TW
顯示於系所單位:臨床醫學研究所

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