請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/26653
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 鄭謙仁(Chian-Ren Jean) | |
dc.contributor.author | Juan-Ting Liu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 劉俊廷 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T07:19:19Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2008-08-04 | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2008-07-24 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 陳亮君, 龐飛, 鄭謙仁, 2006. 以Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide 活化豬第二型環狀病毒複製之研究. 碩士論文.
Adler, H., Jungi, T.W., Pfister, H., Strasser, M., Sileghem, M., Peterhans, E., 1996. Cytokine regulation by virus infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus, a flavivirus, downregulates production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in macrophages in vitro. J. Virol. 70, 2650-2653. Albina, E., Truong, C., Hutet, E., Blanchard, P., Cariolet, R., L'Hospitalier, R., Mahe, D., Allee, C., Morvan, H., Amenna, N., Le Dimna, M., Madec, F., Jestin, A., 2001. An experimental model for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in growing piglets. J. Comp. Pathol. 125, 292-303. Allan, G.M., Ellis, J.A., 2000. Porcine circoviruses: a review. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 12, 3-14. Allan, G.M., Kennedy, S., McNeilly, F., Foster, J.C., Ellis, J.A., Krakowka, S.J., Meehan, B.M., Adair, B.M., 1999a. Experimental reproduction of severe wasting disease by co-infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus. J. Comp. Pathol. 121, 1-11. Allan, G.M., Mc Neilly, F., Meehan, B.M., Kennedy, S., Mackie, D.P., Ellis, J.A., Clark, E.G., Espuna, E., Saubi, N., Riera, P., Botner, A., Charreyre, C.E., 1999b. Isolation and characterisation of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndromes in Spain, Denmark and Northern Ireland. Vet. Microbiol. 66, 115-123. Allan, G.M., McNeilly, F., Ellis, J., Krakowka, S., Meehan, B., McNair, I., Walker, I., Kennedy, S., 2000a. Experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentiates PCV2 replication. Arch. Virol. 145, 2421-2429. Allan, G.M., McNeilly, F., Ellis, J., Krakowka, S., Meehan, B., McNair, I., Walker, I., Kennedy, S., 2000b. Experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentiates PCV2 replication. Arch Virol 145, 2421-2429. Allan, G.M., McNeilly, F., Kennedy, S., Daft, B., Clarke, E.G., Ellis, J.A., Haines, D.M., Meehan, B.M., Adair, B.M., 1998. Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 10, 3-10. Allan, G.M., McNeilly, F., Kennedy, S., Meehan, B., Ellis, J., Krakowka, S., 2000c. Immunostimulation, PCV-2 and PMWS. Vet. Rec. 147, 170-171. Allan, G.M., McNeilly, F., Meehan, B.M., Ellis, J.A., Connor, T.J., McNair, I., Krakowka, S., Kennedy, S., 2000d. A sequential study of experimental infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus: immunostaining of cryostat sections and virus isolation. J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health 47, 81-94. Bassami, M.R., Berryman, D., Wilcox, G.E., Raidal, S.R., 1998. Psittacine beak and feather disease virus nucleotide sequence analysis and its relationship to porcine circovirus, plant circoviruses, and chicken anaemia virus. Virology 249, 453-459. Bassetti, M., 2007. [Strategies for management of difficult to treat Gram-negative infections: focus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. Infez. Med. 15 Suppl 2, 20-26. Caamano, J., Hunter, C.A., 2002. NF-kappaB family of transcription factors: central regulators of innate and adaptive immune functions. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15, 414-429. Chae, C., 2004a. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome: a review of aetiology, diagnosis and pathology. Vet. J. 168, 41-49. Chae, C., 2004b. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome: a review of aetiology, diagnosis and pathology. Vet J 168, 41-49. Chae, C., 2005. A review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and diseases. Vet. J. 169, 326-336. Chang, H.W., Jeng, C.R., Lin, T.L., Liu, J.J., Chiou, M.T., Tsai, Y.C., Chia, M.Y., Jan, T.R., Pang, V.F., 2006a. Immunopathological effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on swine alveolar macrophages by in vitro inoculation. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 110, 207-219. Chang, H.W., Pang, V.F., Chen, L.J., Chia, M.Y., Tsai, Y.C., Jeng, C.R., 2006b. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces porcine circovirus type 2 replication in swine alveolar macrophages. Vet. Microbiol. 115, 311-319. Chen, S., Weng, Y., Tsai, C., Chang, W., Li, N., Tsai, C., Chiou, M., 2001. Identification of pathogenic porcine circovirus in pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Taiwan. J. Chin. Soc. Vet. Sci. , 251-255. Chen, Y.C., Wang, S.Y., King, C.C., 1999. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhibits dengue virus infection of primary human monocytes/macrophages by blockade of virus entry via a CD14-dependent mechanism. J. Virol. 73, 2650-2657. Cheung, A.K., 2004. Detection of template strand switching during initiation and termination of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. J. Virol. 78, 4268-4277. Cheung, A.K., Lager, K.M., Kohutyuk, O.I., Vincent, A.L., Henry, S.C., Baker, R.B., Rowland, R.R., Dunham, A.G., 2007. Detection of two porcine circovirus type 2 genotypic groups in United States swine herds. Arch. Virol. 152, 1035-1044. Chianini, F., Majo, N., Segales, J., Dominguez, J., Domingo, M., 2003a. Immunohistochemical characterisation of PCV2 associate lesions in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 94, 63-75. Chianini, F., Majo, N., Segales, J., Dominguez, J., Domingo, M., 2003b. Immunohistochemical characterisation of PCV2 associate lesions in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 94, 63-75. Choi, C., Chae, C., 2000. Distribution of porcine parvovirus in porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome as shown by in-situ hybridization. J. Comp. Pathol. 123, 302-305. Cohen, R.I., Hassell, A.M., Ye, X., Marzouk, K., Liu, S.F., 2003. Lipopolysaccharide down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in swine heart in vivo. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 307, 451-458. Darwich, L., Segales, J., Domingo, M., Mateu, E., 2002. Changes in CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+) CD8(+), and immunoglobulin M-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected pigs and age-matched uninfected wasted and healthy pigs correlate with lesions and porcine circovirus type 2 load in lymphoid tissues. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9, 236-242. Darwich, L., Segales, J., Mateu, E., 2004a. Pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome caused by Porcine circovirus 2: An immune riddle. Arch Virol 149, 857-874. Darwich, L., Segales, J., Mateu, E., 2004b. Pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome caused by Porcine circovirus 2: An immune riddle. Arch. Virol. 149, 857-874. de Boisseson, C., Beven, V., Bigarre, L., Thiery, R., Rose, N., Eveno, E., Madec, F., Jestin, A., 2004. Molecular characterization of Porcine circovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected and non-affected pigs. J. Gen. Virol. 85, 293-304. Dobrovolskaia, M.A., Vogel, S.N., 2002. Toll receptors, CD14, and macrophage activation and deactivation by LPS. Microbes Infect. 4, 903-914. Ellis, J., Clark, E., Haines, D., West, K., Krakowka, S., Kennedy, S., Allan, G.M., 2004. Porcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field. Vet. Microbiol. 98, 159-163. Ellis, J., Hassard, L., Clark, E., Harding, J., Allan, G., Willson, P., Strokappe, J., Martin, K., McNeilly, F., Meehan, B., Todd, D., Haines, D., 1998. Isolation of circovirus from lesions of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Can. Vet. J. 39, 44-51. Ellis, J., Krakowka, S., Lairmore, M., Haines, D., Bratanich, A., Clark, E., Allan, G., Konoby, C., Hassard, L., Meehan, B., Martin, K., Harding, J., Kennedy, S., McNeilly, F., 1999. Reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic piglets. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 11, 3-14. Ernst, R.K., Guina, T., Miller, S.I., 2001. Salmonella typhimurium outer membrane remodeling: role in resistance to host innate immunity. Microbes Infect. 3, 1327-1334. Fenaux, M., Halbur, P.G., Gill, M., Toth, T.E., Meng, X.J., 2000a. Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in different geographic regions of North America and development of a differential PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to detect and differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2. J Clin Microbiol 38, 2494-2503. Fenaux, M., Halbur, P.G., Gill, M., Toth, T.E., Meng, X.J., 2000b. Genetic characterization of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in different geographic regions of North America and development of a differential PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to detect and differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 2494-2503. Fernandes, L.T., Mateu, E., Sibila, M., Fort, M., Andaluz, A., McNeilly, F., Allan, G., Sanchez, A., Segales, J., Stevenson, L., 2007. Lack of in vitro and in vivo effects of lipopolysaccharide on porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Viral. Immunol. 20, 541-552. Fujihara, M., Muroi, M., Tanamoto, K., Suzuki, T., Azuma, H., Ikeda, H., 2003. Molecular mechanisms of macrophage activation and deactivation by lipopolysaccharide: roles of the receptor complex. Pharmacol. Ther. 100, 171-194. Gay, N.J., Keith, F.J., 1991. Drosophila Toll and IL-1 receptor. Nature 351, 355-356. Gilpin, D.F., McCullough, K., Meehan, B.M., McNeilly, F., McNair, I., Stevenson, L.S., Foster, J.C., Ellis, J.A., Krakowka, S., Adair, B.M., Allan, G.M., 2003a. In vitro studies on the infection and replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in cells of the porcine immune system. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 94, 149-161. Gilpin, D.F., McCullough, K., Meehan, B.M., McNeilly, F., McNair, I., Stevenson, L.S., Foster, J.C., Ellis, J.A., Krakowka, S., Adair, B.M., Allan, G.M., 2003b. In vitro studies on the infection and replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in cells of the porcine immune system. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 94, 149-161. Grasland, B., Loizel, C., Blanchard, P., Oger, A., Nignol, A.C., Bigarre, L., Morvan, H., Cariolet, R., Jestin, A., 2005. Reproduction of PMWS in immunostimulated SPF piglets transfected with infectious cloned genomic DNA of type 2 porcine circovirus. Vet Res 36, 685-697. Griffin, G.E., Leung, K., Folks, T.M., Kunkel, S., Nabel, G.J., 1991. Induction of NF-kappa B during monocyte differentiation is associated with activation of HIV-gene expression. Res. Virol. 142, 233-238. Hamel, A.L., Lin, L.L., Nayar, G.P., 1998. Nucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. J. Virol. 72, 5262-5267. Han, S.H., 1995. Review of hepatic abscess from Klebsiella pneumoniae. An association with diabetes mellitus and septic endophthalmitis. West. J. Med. 162, 220-224. Harding, J.C., 2004. The clinical expression and emergence of porcine circovirus 2. Vet. Microbiol. 98, 131-135. Harms, P.A., Sorden, S.D., Halbur, P.G., Bolin, S.R., Lager, K.M., Morozov, I., Paul, P.S., 2001. Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet. Pathol. 38, 528-539. Haruna, J., Hanna, P., Hurnik, D., Ikede, B., Miller, L., Yason, C., 2006. The role of immunostimulation in the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs under field conditions. Can. J. Vet. Res. 70, 269-276. Heumann, D., Roger, T., 2002. Initial responses to endotoxins and Gram-negative bacteria. Clin. Chim. Acta. 323, 59-72. Hino, S., Miyata, H., 2007. Torque teno virus (TTV): current status. Rev. Med. Virol. 17, 45-57. Islam, S., Hassan, F., Tumurkhuu, G., Ito, H., Koide, N., Mori, I., Yoshida, T., Yokochi, T., 2007. 5-Fluorouracil prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting Akt-dependent nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 59, 227-233. Kennedy, S., Moffett, D., McNeilly, F., Meehan, B., Ellis, J., Krakowka, S., Allan, G.M., 2000. Reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by infection of conventional pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 alone or in combination with porcine parvovirus. J. Comp. Pathol. 122, 9-24. Kim, J., Chae, C., 2001. Differentiation of porcine circovirus 1 and 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by in-situ hybridisation. Res. Vet. Sci. 70, 265-269. Kim, J., Choi, C., Chae, C., 2003a. Pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome reproduced by co-infection with Korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus. J Comp Pathol 128, 52-59. Kim, J., Choi, C., Chae, C., 2003b. Pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome reproduced by co-infection with Korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus. J. Comp. Pathol. 128, 52-59. Kim, J., Chung, H.K., Chae, C., 2003c. Association of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex. Vet. J. 166, 251-256. Kim, Y., Kim, J., Kang, K., Lyoo, Y.S., 2002. Characterization of the recombinant proteins of porcine circovirus type2 field isolate expressed in the baculovirus system. J. Vet. Sci. 3, 19-23. Krakowka, S., Ellis, J., McNeilly, F., Waldner, C., Allan, G., 2005. Features of porcine circovirus-2 disease: correlations between lesions, amount and distribution of virus, and clinical outcome. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 17, 213-222. Krakowka, S., Ellis, J.A., McNeilly, F., Ringler, S., Rings, D.M., Allan, G., 2001. Activation of the immune system is the pivotal event in the production of wasting disease in pigs infected with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2). Vet. Pathol. 38, 31-42. Kyriakis, S.C., Saoulidis, K., Lekkas, S., Miliotis Ch, C., Papoutsis, P.A., Kennedy, S., 2002a. The effects of immuno-modulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J Comp Pathol 126, 38-46. Kyriakis, S.C., Saoulidis, K., Lekkas, S., Miliotis Ch, C., Papoutsis, P.A., Kennedy, S., 2002b. The effects of immuno-modulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J. Comp. Pathol. 126, 38-46. Ladekjaer-Mikkelsen, A.S., Nielsen, J., Stadejek, T., Storgaard, T., Krakowka, S., Ellis, J., McNeilly, F., Allan, G., Botner, A., 2002. Reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in immunostimulated and non-immunostimulated 3-week-old piglets experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Vet. Microbiol. 89, 97-114. Larochelle, R., Bielanski, A., Muller, P., Magar, R., 2000. PCR detection and evidence of shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in boar semen. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 4629-4632. Lee, D.Y., Cho, Y.W., Kang, S.G., Shin, N.R., Choi, I.S., Shin, S.J., Yoo, H.S., 2004. Quantitative analysis of interleukin-6 expression in porcine spleen cells and alveolar macrophages using real-time PCR. Vet. Res. Commun. 28, 503-513. Liu, J., Chen, I., Kwang, J., 2005. Characterization of a previously unidentified viral protein in porcine circovirus type 2-infected cells and its role in virus-induced apoptosis. J. Virol. 79, 8262-8274. Mahe, D., Blanchard, P., Truong, C., Arnauld, C., Le Cann, P., Cariolet, R., Madec, F., Albina, E., Jestin, A., 2000. Differential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 1815-1824. Mankertz, A., Hillenbrand, B., 2001. Replication of porcine circovirus type 1 requires two proteins encoded by the viral rep gene. Virology 279, 429-438. Mankertz, A., Mankertz, J., Wolf, K., Buhk, H.J., 1998a. Identification of a protein essential for replication of porcine circovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 79 ( Pt 2), 381-384. Mankertz, J., Buhk, H.J., Blaess, G., Mankertz, A., 1998b. Transcription analysis of porcine circovirus (PCV). Virus Genes 16, 267-276. McNeilly, F., McNair, I., Mackie, D.P., Meehan, B.M., Kennedy, S., Moffett, D., Ellis, J., Krakowka, S., Allan, G.M., 2001. Production, characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies to porcine circovirus 2. Arch. Virol. 146, 909-922. Meehan, B.M., Creelan, J.L., McNulty, M.S., Todd, D., 1997. Sequence of porcine circovirus DNA: affinities with plant circoviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 78 ( Pt 1), 221-227. Meehan, B.M., McNeilly, F., Todd, D., Kennedy, S., Jewhurst, V.A., Ellis, J.A., Hassard, L.E., Clark, E.G., Haines, D.M., Allan, G.M., 1998. Characterization of novel circovirus DNAs associated with wasting syndromes in pigs. J. Gen. Virol. 79 ( Pt 9), 2171-2179. Meerts, P., Misinzo, G., McNeilly, F., Nauwynck, H.J., 2005a. Replication kinetics of different porcine circovirus 2 strains in PK-15 cells, fetal cardiomyocytes and macrophages. Arch. Virol. 150, 427-441. Meerts, P., Misinzo, G., McNeilly, F., Nauwynck, H.J., 2005b. Replication kinetics of different porcine circovirus 2 strains in PK-15 cells, fetal cardiomyocytes and macrophages. Arch Virol 150, 427-441. Miller, S.I., Ernst, R.K., Bader, M.W., 2005. LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3, 36-46. Misinzo, G., Meerts, P., Bublot, M., Mast, J., Weingartl, H.M., Nauwynck, H.J., 2005. Binding and entry characteristics of porcine circovirus 2 in cells of the porcine monocytic line 3D4/31. J. Gen. Virol. 86, 2057-2068. Morozov, I., Sirinarumitr, T., Sorden, S.D., Halbur, P.G., Morgan, M.K., Yoon, K.J., Paul, P.S., 1998. Detection of a novel strain of porcine circovirus in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 2535-2541. Muhling, J., Raye, W.S., Buddle, J.R., Wilcox, G.E., 2006. Genetic characterisation of Australian strains of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2. Aust. Vet. J. 84, 421-425; discussion 416. Nawagitgul, P., Morozov, I., Bolin, S.R., Harms, P.A., Sorden, S.D., Paul, P.S., 2000a. Open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein. J. Gen. Virol. 81, 2281-2287. Nawagitgul, P., Morozov, I., Sirinarumitr, T., Sorden, S.D., Paul, P.S., 2000b. Development of probes to differentiate porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in vitro by in situ hybridization. Vet. Microbiol. 75, 83-89. O'Connor, B., Gauvreau, H., West, K., Bogdan, J., Ayroud, M., Clark, E.G., Konoby, C., Allan, G., Ellis, J.A., 2001. Multiple porcine circovirus 2-associated abortions and reproductive failure in a multisite swine production unit. Can. Vet. J. 42, 551-553. Onuki, A., Abe, K., Togashi, K., Kawashima, K., Taneichi, A., Tsunemitsu, H., 1999. Detection of porcine circovirus from lesions of a pig with wasting disease in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61, 1119-1123. Palsson-McDermott, E.M., O'Neill, L.A., 2004. Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor-4. Immunology 113, 153-162. Perron, G.G., Quessy, S., Letellier, A., Bell, G., 2007. Genotypic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in asymptomatic Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104. Infect. Genet. Evol. 7, 223-228. Podschun, R., Ullmann, U., 1998. Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11, 589-603. Pogranichnyy, R.M., Yoon, K.J., Harms, P.A., Swenson, S.L., Zimmerman, J.J., Sorden, S.D., 2000. Characterization of immune response of young pigs to porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Viral. Immunol. 13, 143-153. Pomerantz, R.J., Feinberg, M.B., Trono, D., Baltimore, D., 1990. Lipopolysaccharide is a potent monocyte/macrophage-specific stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression. J. Exp. Med. 172, 253-261. Rosell, C., Segales, J., Plana-Duran, J., Balasch, M., Rodriguez-Arrioja, G.M., Kennedy, S., Allan, G.M., McNeilly, F., Latimer, K.S., Domingo, M., 1999. Pathological, immunohistochemical, and in-situ hybridization studies of natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. J. Comp. Pathol. 120, 59-78. Rovira, A., Balasch, M., Segales, J., Garcia, L., Plana-Duran, J., Rosell, C., Ellerbrok, H., Mankertz, A., Domingo, M., 2002a. Experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2. J Virol 76, 3232-3239. Rovira, A., Balasch, M., Segales, J., Garcia, L., Plana-Duran, J., Rosell, C., Ellerbrok, H., Mankertz, A., Domingo, M., 2002b. Experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2. J. Virol. 76, 3232-3239. Sanchez, R.E., Jr., Meerts, P., Nauwynck, H.J., Ellis, J.A., Pensaert, M.B., 2004. Characteristics of porcine circovirus-2 replication in lymphoid organs of pigs inoculated in late gestation or postnatally and possible relation to clinical and pathological outcome of infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 16, 175-185. Sanchez, R.E., Jr., Meerts, P., Nauwynck, H.J., Pensaert, M.B., 2003. Change of porcine circovirus 2 target cells in pigs during development from fetal to early postnatal life. Vet. Microbiol. 95, 15-25. Sanchez, R.E., Jr., Nauwynck, H.J., McNeilly, F., Allan, G.M., Pensaert, M.B., 2001. Porcine circovirus 2 infection in swine foetuses inoculated at different stages of gestation. Vet. Microbiol. 83, 169-176. Santoro, M.G., Rossi, A., Amici, C., 2003. NF-kappaB and virus infection: who controls whom. Embo. J. 22, 2552-2560. Saoulidis, K., Kyriakis, S.C., Kennedy, S., Lekkas, S., Miliotis Ch, C., Allan, G., Balkamos, G.C., Papoutsis, P.A., 2002. First report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in pigs in Greece. J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Ve.t Public Health 49, 202-205. Sarli, G., Mandrioli, L., Laurenti, M., Sidoli, L., Cerati, C., Rolla, G., Marcato, P.S., 2001. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 83, 53-67. Schnittman, S.M., Psallidopoulos, M.C., Lane, H.C., Thompson, L., Baseler, M., Massari, F., Fox, C.H., Salzman, N.P., Fauci, A.S., 1989. The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4. Science 245, 305-308. Segales, J., Alonso, F., Rosell, C., Pastor, J., Chianini, F., Campos, E., Lopez-Fuertes, L., Quintana, J., Rodriguez-Arrioja, G., Calsamiglia, M., Pujols, J., Dominguez, J., Domingo, M., 2001. Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations in pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 81, 37-44. Segales, J., Rosell, C., Domingo, M., 2004. Pathological findings associated with naturally acquired porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease. Vet. Microbiol. 98, 137-149. Segales, J., Sitjar, M., Domingo, M., Dee, S., Del Pozo, M., Noval, R., Sacristan, C., De las Heras, A., Ferro, A., Latimer, K.S., 1997. First report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs in Spain. Vet. Rec. 141, 600-601. Shibahara, T., Sato, K., Ishikawa, Y., Kadota, K., 2000. Porcine circovirus induces B lymphocyte depletion in pigs with wasting disease syndrome. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 62, 1125-1131. Sibila, O., Agusti, C., Torres, A., Baquero, S., Gando, S., Patron, J.R., Morato, J.G., Goffredo, D.H., Bassi, N., Luna, C.M., 2007. Experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: evaluation of the associated inflammatory response. Eur. Respir. J. 30, 1167-1172. Steinfeldt, T., Finsterbusch, T., Mankertz, A., 2001. Rep and Rep' protein of porcine circovirus type 1 bind to the origin of replication in vitro. Virology 291, 152-160. Stevenson, G.W., Kiupel, M., Mittal, S.K., Choi, J., Latimer, K.S., Kanitz, C.L., 2001. Tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 13, 57-62. Thomas, A.V., Broers, A.D., Vandegaart, H.F., Desmecht, D.J., 2006. Genomic structure, promoter analysis and expression of the porcine (Sus scrofa) TLR4 gene. Mol. Immunol. 43, 653-659. Tischer, I., Bode, L., Apodaca, J., Timm, H., Peters, D., Rasch, R., Pociuli, S., Gerike, E., 1995. Presence of antibodies reacting with porcine circovirus in sera of humans, mice, and cattle. Arch. Virol. 140, 1427-1439. Tischer, I., Peters, D., Rasch, R., Pociuli, S., 1987. Replication of porcine circovirus: induction by glucosamine and cell cycle dependence. Arch. Virol. 96, 39-57. Tischer, I., Rasch, R., Tochtermann, G., 1974. Characterization of papovavirus-and picornavirus-like particles in permanent pig kidney cell lines. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. [Orig A] 226, 153-167. Todd, D., 2004. Avian circovirus diseases: lessons for the study of PMWS. Vet. Microbiol. 98, 169-174. Tsan, M.F., Gao, B., 2004. Endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76, 514-519. Vincent, I.E., Carrasco, C.P., Herrmann, B., Meehan, B.M., Allan, G.M., Summerfield, A., McCullough, K.C., 2003a. Dendritic cells harbor infectious porcine circovirus type 2 in the absence of apparent cell modulation or replication of the virus. J Virol 77, 13288-13300. Vincent, I.E., Carrasco, C.P., Herrmann, B., Meehan, B.M., Allan, G.M., Summerfield, A., McCullough, K.C., 2003b. Dendritic cells harbor infectious porcine circovirus type 2 in the absence of apparent cell modulation or replication of the virus. J. Virol. 77, 13288-13300. Wang, C., Huang, T.S., Huang, C.C., Tu, C., Jong, M.H., Lin, S.Y., Lai, S.S., 2004a. Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in Taiwan. J Vet Med Sci 66, 469-475. Wang, C., Huang, T.S., Huang, C.C., Tu, C., Jong, M.H., Lin, S.Y., Lai, S.S., 2004b. Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in Taiwan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66, 469-475. Wassef, A., Janardhan, K., Pearce, J.W., Singh, B., 2004. Toll-like receptor 4 in normal and inflamed lungs and other organs of pig, dog and cattle. Histol Histopathol 19, 1201-1208. Wellenberg, G.J., Pesch, S., Berndsen, F.W., Steverink, P.J., Hunneman, W., Van der Vorst, T.J., Peperkamp, N.H., Ohlinger, V.F., Schippers, R., Van Oirschot, J.T., de Jong, M.F., 2000. Isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs showing signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in The Netherlands. Vet. Q. 22, 167-172. West, K.H., Bystrom, J.M., Wojnarowicz, C., Shantz, N., Jacobson, M., Allan, G.M., Haines, D.M., Clark, E.G., Krakowka, S., McNeilly, F., Konoby, C., Martin, K., Ellis, J.A., 1999. Myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 11, 530-532. Won, J.H., Park, S.Y., Nam, S.G., Park, H.J., Choi, J.W., Lee, K.T., 2005. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase-2 by chiisanoside via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 1919-1924. Yu, S., Opriessnig, T., Kitikoon, P., Nilubol, D., Halbur, P.G., Thacker, E., 2007. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) distribution and replication in tissues and immune cells in early infected pigs. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 115, 261-272. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/26653 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 豬第二型環狀病毒(Porcine circovirus type 2;PCV2),被證實為豬離乳後多系統消耗性症候群(Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome;PMWS)的主要病原。其主要病變為廣泛的淋巴腺病、不同程度的淋巴球流失及組織球與多核巨細胞的浸潤。目前PCV2的感染、複製標的細胞及確切致病機制並不清楚,但是活體內研究顯示包含豬肺泡巨噬細胞(Porcine alveolar macrophage;PAM)在內的單核球/巨噬細胞系列是PCV2感染的主要標的細胞,然而體外實驗卻顯示PCV2抗原只存在於PAM的細胞質裡。缺乏存在細胞核內的PCV2抗原訊號,顯示缺乏病毒複製跡象,此結果與野外感染豬隻的感染細胞細胞質及細胞核內病毒抗原高出現率有所牴觸。因此推測應有其他因子的存在,以幫助PCV2在此系列細胞進行複製。脂多醣(lipopolysaccharide;LPS)為革蘭氏陰性菌細胞壁的成分之一,且各菌種之脂多醣體結構各有差異。本實驗室先前證實以E. coli之LPS刺激豬肺泡巨噬細胞(Porcine alveolar macrophage; PAM)可提高其細胞核內PCV2抗原陽性率,並增加其病毒產量。本實驗進ㄧ步嘗試以包括Escherichia coli、Salmonella enterica、Pseudomonas aeruginosa及Klebsiella pneumoniae等菌種的LPS刺激感染PCV2的豬肺泡巨噬細胞,以免疫螢光染色法觀察PCV2抗原分布,結果發現除了E. coli與Salmonella enterica之LPS可誘導PCV2進入PAM細胞核內複製外,對豬非絕對病原菌的Pseudomonas aeruginosa與Klebsiella pneumoniae之LPS亦具有同樣的效果。其細胞培養上清液以同步定量聚合酶連鎖反應(Quantitative real-time PCR reaction)測定,顯示無明顯複製結果之差異;以病毒力價測定顯示PCV2有稍許增加複製之情形。由目前的實驗結果,可見不同LPS皆有些許促使PCV2於PAM內複製之能力,但卻沒有一致的表現。此結果或許可以對PMWS致病機制提供部分的解釋。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | It has now been demonstrated that porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS ). Pigs with PMWS show variable degree of lymphoid depletion with histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell infiltration in the lymphoid organs. Several questions remain unknown including the primary target cells and the permissive cells for the replication of PCV2, as well as the pathogenesis of PMWS in PCV2 infection. In in vivo experiments, monocyte/macrophage lineage cells including porcine alveolar macrophage(PAM)are the major target cells of PCV2. However, there was only high incidence of intracytoplasmic PCV2 signal but lack of intranuclear signals as well as no evidence of PCV2 replication in those cells in vitro. This finding is contradictory to what was found in the tissues of field pigs with PMWS in which both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear PCV2 signals were easily detected in the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Concurrent infection and activation of immune system, therefore, have been suggested that may promote PCV2 replication in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) is a structural component of the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria and the composition diversity of LPS between different bacterial species and strains are also observed. It has been demonstrated that LPS of Escherichia coli would induce replication of PCV2 in PAM. In the present study, LPS from different bacterial species, including E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were used as stimulator for PCV2 replication in PAMs and the change in antigen distribution were further evaluated. The results of immunofluorecent assay (IFA) revealed not only the higher virulent LPS of E. coli and Salmonella enterica, but also the LPS from the lower virulent bacterium of non-obligate swine pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae could slightly induce the replication of PCV2 in the nucleus of PAM. The quantitative real-time PCR of the culture supernatant revealed no difference between various treatments. The titration of the culture supernatant revealed mild increase of PCV2 replication in all LPS tested. The results of this study indicate that LPS from different bacterium process varied capability in inducing PCV2 replication in PAM. Nevertheless the level of induction is very mild. The result may provide part of explanation regarding of pathogenesis of PMWS. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T07:19:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-97-R95629009-1.pdf: 1043064 bytes, checksum: 80d3a29aa679efd4c94c56732c0ea6c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II 目錄 IV 圖次 VI 表次 VII 簡寫對照表 VIII 第一章 序言 1 第二章 文獻回顧 3 第一節 環狀病毒 3 1-1 環狀病毒的病毒學分類 3 1-2 豬環狀病毒結構與特性 3 1-3 豬環狀病毒的感染以及複製模式 4 第二節 離乳後多系統性消耗症 5 2-1 歷史背景與流行病學 5 2-2 臨床症狀與病理變化 6 2-3 PCV2的組織親和性與主要感染的標的細胞 7 2-4 PCV2與免疫的關係 9 2-5 PCV2與其他病原的關係 11 2-6 PCV2相關疾病及症候群 12 第三節 細菌脂多醣體(LPS)於病毒感染中所扮演之角色 13 3-1 LPS的特性 13 3-2 LPS刺激巨噬細胞的傳訊路徑 14 3-3 病毒感染與LPS之相互關係 15 第三章 材料與方法 17 第一節 實驗設計 17 1-1 實驗設計流程圖 17 第二節 實驗材料 19 2-1豬第二型環狀病毒(PCV2)增殖保存 19 2-2 肺泡巨噬細胞採集與培養 19 2-2.1 細胞灌洗液(D-PBS-W) 19 2-2.2 細胞清洗液(RPMI-W) 20 2-2.3 細胞培養液(RPMI-C) 20 2-2.4 肺泡巨噬細胞(Porcine alveolar macrophage; PAM)的採集 20 2-2.5 細菌脂多醣體 21 2-3 豬腎細胞株之培養與病毒力價測試 21 2-3.1 豬腎細胞株(PK-15) 21 2-3.2 PK細胞株培養液(DMEM-C) 22 2-3.3 PK細胞株清洗液(D-PBS) 22 2-3.4 D(+)Glucosamine, Hydrochloride 23 2-3.5 Hank’s Balanced Salt Solutions 23 第三節 實驗方法 23 3-1 細胞表面抗原螢光染色法 23 3-2 病毒的感作及LPS的處理 24 3-2.1 豬肺泡巨噬細胞的解凍 24 3-2.2 豬第二型環狀病毒感作 24 3-2.3 不同菌種與濃度之LPS的處理 24 3-2.4 豬肺泡巨噬細胞之細胞質與細胞核病毒陽性率之測定 25 3-3 同步定量聚合酶連鎖反應(Quantitative real-time PCR reaction) 26 3-3.1 上清液收集與DNA之萃取 26 3-3.2 反應溶液成分與條件 26 3-4 病毒力價測定 27 3-5 統計分析 27 第四章 結果 28 第一節 豬肺泡巨噬細胞感染PCV2 28 1-1 豬肺臟沖洗細胞表面抗原染色 28 1-2 豬肺泡巨噬細胞感染PCV2之結果 28 第二節 以不同菌種不同濃度之LPS處理豬肺泡巨噬細胞 32 2-1 細胞質內PCV2抗原陽性率之變化 32 2-2 細胞核內PCV2抗原陽性率之變化 32 第三節 以不同LPS處理感染PCV2之豬肺泡巨噬細胞 39 3-1 細胞質內PCV2抗原陽性率測定 39 3-2 細胞核內PCV2抗原陽性率測定 39 3-3 上清液中PCV2核酸量測定 40 3-4 上清液中PCV2病毒力價測定 41 第五章 討論 46 第六章 參考文獻 56 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 不同細菌脂多醣體對豬第二型環狀病毒於豬肺泡巨噬細胞內複製作用之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Influence of Different Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Replication in Porcine Alveolar Macrophage | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 96-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 龐飛(Victor Fei Pang),蕭世烜,鄭益謙,張志成 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 豬第二型環狀病毒,豬肺泡巨噬細胞,細菌脂多醣體, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | PCV2,porcine circovirus type 2,PAM,porcine alveolar macrophage,LPS,lipopolysaccharide, | en |
dc.relation.page | 74 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2008-07-26 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 獸醫學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 獸醫學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-97-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 1.02 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。