請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/26517
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 張慧羽(Hwei-yu Chang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Te-Pin Chang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 張德斌 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T07:13:22Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2008-08-06 | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2008-07-29 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Adams, M. D., J. M. Kelley, J. D. Gocayne, M. Dubnick, M. H. Polymeropoulos, et al. 1991. Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and Human genome project. Science 252: 1651-1656.
Adams, M. D., S. E. Celniker, R. A. Holt, C. A. Evans, J. D. Gocayne, et al. 2000. The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287: 2185-2195. Altschul, S. F., T. L. Madden, A. A. Schäffer, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, et al. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402. Ashadevi, J. S., S. R. Ramesh,and W. E. Kalisch. 2005. Chromosomal localization of autosomal mutations in Drosophila nasuta nasuta and Drosophila nasuta albomicans. J. Genet. 84: 73-76. Ashburner, M., K. G. Golic, and R. S. Hawley. 2005. Drosophila: A Laboratory Handbook. 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York. 1409 pp. Bachtrog, D. 2003a. Adaptation shapes patterns of genome evolution on sexual and asexual chromosomes in Drosophila. Nat. Genet. 34: 215-219. Bachtrog, D. 2003b. Protein evolution and codon usage bias on the neo-sex chromosomes of Drosophila miranda. Genetics 165: 1221-1232. Bachtrog, D. 2003c. Accumulation of Spock and Worf, two novel non-LTR retrotransposons, on the neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 173-181. Bachtrog, D. 2004. Evidence that positive selection drives Y-chromosome degeneration in Drosophila miranda. Nat. Genet. 36: 518-522. Bachtrog, D. 2005. Sex chromosome evolution: Molecular aspects of Y-chromosome degeneration in Drosophila. Genome Research 15: 1393-1401. Bachtrog, D. 2006a. The speciation history of the Drosophila nasuta complex. Genet. Res. 88: 13-26. Bachtrog, D. 2006b. Selection, recombination and demographic history in Drosohila miranda. Genetics 174: 2045-2059. Bachtrog, D. 2006c. A dynamic view of sex chromosome evolution. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 15: 578-585. Bachtrog, D. 2006d. Expression profile of a degenerating neo-Y chromosome in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 16: 1694-1699. Bachtrog, D. 2007. Reduced selection for codon usage bias in Drosophila miranda. J. Mol. Evol. 64: 586-590. Bachtrog, D. 2008a. Evidence for male-driven evolution in Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25: 617-619. Bachtrog, D. 2008b. The temporal dynamics of processes underlying Y chromosome degeneration. Genetics 179: 1513-1525. Bachtrog, D., and B. Charlesworth. 2000. Reduced levels of microsatellite variability on the neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda. Curr. Biol. 10: 1025-1031. Bachtrog, D., and B. Charlesworth. 2002. Reduced adaptation of a non-recombining neo-Y chromosome. Nature 416: 323-326. Bachtrog, D., and B. Charlesworth. 2003. On the genomic location of the exuperantial1 gene in Drosophila miranda: the limits of in situ hybridization experiments. Gentics 163: 1237-1240. Bachtrog, D., and J. Gordo. 2004. Adaptive evolution of asexual populations under Muller’s ratchet. Evolution 58: 1403-1413. Bachtrog, D., E. Hom, K. M. Wong, X. Maside, and P. de Jong. 2008. Genomic degeneration of a young Y chromosome in Drosophila miranda. Genome Biol. 12: R30. Bachtrog, D., K. Thornton, A. Clark, and P. Andolfatto. 2006. Extensive introgression of mitochondrial DNA relative to nuclear genes in the Drosophila yakuba species group. Evolution 60: 292-302. Bartolomé, C., X. Maside, and B. Charlesworth. 2002. On the abundance and distribution of transposable elements in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 926-937. Bartolomé, C., and X. Maside. 2004 The lack of recombination drives the fixation of transposable elements on the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Genet. Res. 83: 91-100. Bartolomé, C., and B. Charlesworth. 2006. Evolutino of amino-acid sequences and codon usage on the Drosophila miranda neo-sex chromosomes. Genetics 174: 2033-2044. Barton, N. H. 2000 Genetic hitchhiking. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 355: 1553-1562. Bergero, R., D. Charlesworth, D. A. Filatov, and R. C. Moore. 2008. Defining regions and rearrangements of the Silene latifolia Y chromosome. Genetics 178: 1085-1092. Betancourt, A. J. and D. C. Presgraves. 2002. Linkage limits the power of natural selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 13616-13620. Biscoff, R. J., J. L. Gould, and D. I. Rubenstein. 1985. Tail size and female choice in the guppy. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol 17: 253-255. Bock, I. R. 1966. D. argentostriata: a new species of Drosophila from New Guinea. Univ. Queensl. Pap. Dep. Zool. 2: 271-276. Bock, I. R., and V. Baimai. 1967. D. silvistriata: a new speies from New Guinea. Univ. Queensl. Pap. Dep. Zool. 3: 19-25. Bull, J. J. 1983. Evolution of sex determining mechanisms. Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, CA. 667pp. Cacers, M., J. M. Ranz, A. Barbadilla, M. Long, and A. Ruiz. 1999. Generation of a widespread Drosophila inversion by a transposable element. Science 285: 415-418. Carvalho, A. B. 2002. Origin and evolution of the Drosophila Y chromosome. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 12: 664-668. Chang, H. H. 2008. On evolutionary importance of genetic recombination from molecular aspects. Master thesis. Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University. R. O. C. Chang, H., and F. J. Ayala. 1989. On the original of incipient reproductive isolation: the case of Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta. Evolution 43: 1910-1624. Chang, H., and Y-D. Tai. 2007. Asymmetrical reproductive isolation between Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta. Zool. Stud. 46: 638-646. Chang, H., and T-Y. Kung. 2008. Evolutionary changes on a Y-like chromosome in hybrids of Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta. Zool. Stud. (in press) Chang, T. P., D. H. Tsai., and H. Chang. 2008. Fsions of Muller’s elements during the chromosome evolution of Drosophila albomicans. Zool. Stud. (in press) Charlesworth, B. 1991. The evolution of sex chromosomes. Science 251: 1030-1033. Charlesworth, B. 1996. Background selection and patterns of genetic diversity in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet. Res. 68: 131-149. Charlesworth, B. 1997. Lack of degeneration of loci on the neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila americana americana. Genetics 145: 989-1002. Charlesworth, B., D. Charlesworth, J. Hnilicka, A. Yu, and D. S. Guttman. 1997. Lack of degeneration of loci on the neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila americana americana. Genetics 145: 989-1002. Charlesworth B., and D. Charlesworth. 2000. The degeneration of Y chromosomes. Phil. Trans R. Sco. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 355: 1563-1572. Chippindale, A. K., and W. R. Rice. 2001. Y chromosome polymorphism is a strong determinant of male fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 5677-5682. Cheng, A. N. 1999. Sex-chromosomal change at the early stage of cease-recombination. Master thesis. Graduate Institute of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University. R. O. C. (in Chinese) Da Lage, J. L., E. Renard E., F. Chartois, F. Lemeunier, and M. L. Cariou. 1998. Amyrel, a paralogous gene of the amylase gene family in Drosophila melanogaster and the Sophophora subgenus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 6848-6853. Dobzhansky, T. H. 1935. Drosophila miranda, a new species. Genetics 20: 377-391. Duda, O. 1923. Die orientalischen Drosophiliden-Arten des hungarischen National-Museums zu Budapest. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 20: 24-59. Duda, O. 1940. Revision der afrikanischen Drosophiliden (Diptera). II. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. 33: 19-53. Ellegren, H., and A. K. Fridolfsson. 1997. Male-driven evolution of DNA sequences in birds. Nat. Genet. 17: 182-184. Ellegren, H., and A. K. Fridolfsson. 2003. Sex-specific mutation rates in salmonid fish. J. Mol. Evol. 56: 458-463. Endler, J. A. 1980. Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulate. Evolution 34: 76-91. Felsenstein, J. 1974. The evolutionary advantage of recombination. Genetics 78: 737-756. Filatov, D. A. 2005. Evolutionary history of Silene latifolia sex chromosomes revealed by genetic mapping of four genes. Genetics 170: 975-979. Filatov, D. A., and D. Charlesworth. 2002. Substitution rates in the X- and Y-linked genes of the plants, Silene latifolia and S. dioica. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 898-907. Fisher, R. A. 1931. The evolution of dominance. Biol. Rev. 6: 345-368. Fraser, J. A., and J. Heitman. 2005. Chromosomal sex-determining regions in animals, plants and fungi. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 15: 645-651. Fridolfsson, A. K., H. Cheng, N. G. Copeland, N. A. Jenkins, H. C. Liu, et al.. 1998. Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes from an ancestral pair of autosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 8147-8152. Gibson, J. R., A. K. Chippindale, and W. R. Rice. 2002. The X chromosome is a hot spot for sexually antagonistic fitness variation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 269: 499-505. Gupta, J. P., and A. Kumar. 1986. Characterization and modification of heterochromatin in four species of the immigrans species group of Drosophila. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 28: 340-347. Guttman, D. S., and D. Charlesworth. 1998. An X-linked gene with a degenerate Y-linked homologue in a dioecious plant. Nature 393: 263-266. Hilliker, A. J., R. Appels, and A. Schalet. 1980. The genetic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. Cell 21:607-619. Hoskins, R. A., C. D. Smith, J. W. Carlson, A. B. Carvalho, A. Halpern, et al. 2002. Heterochromatic sequences in a Drosophila whole-genome shotgun assembly. Genome Biol. 3: 1-16. Katoh T., D. Nakaya, K. Tamura, and T. Aotsuka. 2007. Phylogeny of the Drosophila immigrans species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) based on Adh and Gpdh sequences. Zool. Sci. 24: 913-921. Kikkawa, H., and R. T. Peng. 1938. Drosophila species of Japan and adjacent localities. Japan. J. Zool. 7: 507-552. Kim, Y. 2004. Effect of strong directional selection on weakly selected mutations at linked sites: implication for synonymous codon usage. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21: 286-294. Kirpichnikov, V. S. 1981. Genetic bases of fish selection. Spinger-Verlag, New York. 410 pp. Kitagawa, O., K. I. Wakahama, Y. Fuyama, Y. Shimada, E. Takanashi, et al. 1982. Genetic studies of Drosophila nasuta subgroup with notes on distribution and morphologies. Jpn. J. Genet. 57: 113-141. Kondo, M., I. Nanda, U. Homung, M. Schmid, and M. Schartl. 2004. Evolutionary origin of the medaka Y chromosome. Curr. Biol. 14: 1664-1669. Kondo, M., U. Hornung, I. Nanda, S. Imai, T. Sasaki, et al. 2006. Genomic organization of the sex-determining and adjacent regions of the sex chromosomes of medaka. Genome Res. 16: 815-826. Lahn, B. T., and D. C. Page. 1999. Four evolutionary strata on the human X chromosome. Science 286: 964-967. Lamb, C. G. 1914. Diptera: Heteroneuridae, Ortalidae, Trypetidae, Sepsidae, Micropezidae, Drosophilidae, Geomyzidae, Milichiidae of the Seychelles. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 16: 307-372. Lemos, B., L. O. Araripe, and D. L. Hartl. 2008. Polymorphic Y chromosomes harbor cryptic variation with manifold functional consequences. Science 319: 91-93. Lin, F. J., and H. C. Tseng. 1973. The Drosophila immigrans species group in Taiwan with descriptions of five new species. Bull. Inst. Acad. Sin. 12: 13-26. Lin, F. J., K. Y. Jan, H. C. Tseng, and H. W. Chow. 1974a. Miotic chromosomes of species in the subgenus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Genetica 45: 133-144. Lin, S. H. 2008. Cooption of neo-X and neo-Y chromosomes in Drosophila albomicans. Master’s thesis. Graduate Institute of Entomology, National Taiwan University. R. O. C. Lin S. H., Y. Y. Huang, and H. Chang. 2008. Cooption of neo-X and neo-Y chromosomes in Drosophila albomicans. Zoological Studies 47: 293-301. Liu, Z., P. Moore, H. Ma, C. Ackerman, M. Ragiba, et al. 2004. A primitive Y chromosome in papaya marks incipient sex chromosome evolution. Nature 427: 348-352. Lucchesi, J. C. 1978. Gene compensation and the evolution of sex chromosome. Science 202: 711-716. Lucchesi, J. C. 1994. The evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Bioessays 16: 81-83. Macknight, R. H. 1939. The sex-determining mechanism of Drosophila miranda. Genetics 24: 180-201. Makova, K., and W. Li. 2002. Strong male-driven evolution of DNA sequences in humans and apes. Nature 416: 624-626. Marais, G. A., M. Nicolas, R. Bergero, P. Chambrier, E. Kejnovsky, et al. 2008. Evidence for degeneration of the Y chromosome in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. Curr. Biol. 18: 545-549. Marshall Graves, J. A. 1995. The origin and function of the mammalian Y chromosome and Y-borne genes- an evolving understanding. Bioessays 17: 311-321. Mather, W. B. 1962. Patterns of chromosomal evolution in the immigrans group of Drosophila. Evolution 16: 20-26. Maynard Smith, J., and J. Haigh. 1974. The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene. Genet. Res. 23: 23–35. Maynard Smith, J. 1989. Evolutionary Genetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 325 pp. McAllister, B. F., and B. Charlesworth. 1999. Reduced sequence variability on the Neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila americana americana. Genetics 153: 221-233. Meera Rao, P., and H. A. Ranganath. 1991. Karyotype differentiation among members of the immigrans species group of Drosophila. Genetica 83: 145-152. Morton, B. R. 1993. Chloroplast DNA codon use: evidence for selection at the psb A locus based on tRNA availability. J. mol. Evol. 37: 273-280. Muller, H. J. 1964. The relation of recombination to mutational advance. Mutat. Res. 1: 2-9. Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York, NY. 512pp. Ohno, S. 1967. Sex chromosomes and sex linked genes. Springer Verlag, Berlin. 343 pp. Okada, T., and Kurokawa, H. 1957. New or little known species of Drosophilidae of Japan (Diptera). Kontyu 25: 2-12. Orr, H. A., and Y. Kim. 1998. An adaptive hypothesis for the evolution of the Y chromosome. Genetics 150: 1693-1698. Patterson, J. T., and M. R. Wheeler. 1942. Description of new species of the subgenera Hitrodrosophila & Drosophila. Univ. Texas Publ. 4213: 69-109. Peichel, C. L., J. A. Ross, C. K. Matson, M. Dickson, J. Grimwood, et al. 2004. The master sex-determination locus in threespine sticklebacks is on a nascent Y chromosome. Curr. Biol. 14: 1416-1424. Peck, J. R. 1994. A ruby in the rubbish: beneficial mutations, deleterious mutations and the evolution of sex. Genetics 137: 597-606. Powell, J. R. 1997. Progress and prospects in evolutionary biology, the Drosophila model. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 562 pp. Ranz, J. M., K. Namgyal K., G. Gibson, and D. L. Hartl. 2004. Anomalies in the expression profile of interspecific hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Genome Res. 14: 373-379. Reddi, O. S., M. Reddy, and M. S. Rao. 1965. Induction of crossing-over in Drosophila males by means of ovarian extract. Nature 208: 203. Rice, W. R. 1987a. The accumulation of sexually antagonistic genes as a selective agent promoting the evolution of reduced recombination between primitive sex chromosomes. Evolution 41: 911-914. Rice, W. R. 1987b. Genetic hitchhiking and the evolution of reduced genetic activity of the Y sex chromosome. Genetics 116: 161-167. Rice, W. R. 1992. Sexually antagonistic genes: experimental evidence. Science 256: 1436-1479. Rice, W. R. 1994. Degeneration of nonrecombining chromosome. Science 263: 230-232. Rice, W. R. 1996. Evolution of the Y sex chromosome in animals. Bioscience 46: 3331-3343. Rice, W. R. 1998. Male fitness increases when females are eliminated from gene pool: implications for the Y chromosome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 6217-6221. Ross, M. T., D. V. Grafham, A. J. Coffey, S. Scherer, K. McLay, et al. 2005. The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature: 434: 325-337. Rozas, J. J., C. Sanchez-DelBarrio, X. Messeguer, and R. Rozas. 2003. DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19: 2496-2497. Saitou, N., and M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4: 406-425. Sandstedt, S., and P. Tuckesr. 2005. Male-driven evolution in closely related species of the mouse genus. J. Mol. Evol. 61: 138-144. Skaletsky, H., T. Kuroda-Kawaguchi, P. J. Minx, H. S. Cordum, L. Hillier, et al. 2003. The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome is a mosaic of discrete sequence classes. Nature 423: 825-837. Steinemann, M., and S. Steinemann. 1992. Degenerating Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda: a trap for retrotransposons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7591-7595. Steinemann, M., S. Steinemann, and F. Lottspeich. 1993. How Y chromosomes become genetically inert. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5737-5741. Steinemann, M., and S. Steinemann. 1998. Enigma of Y chromosome degeneration: neo-Y and neo-X chromosomes of Drosophila miranda a model for sex chromosome evolution. Genetica 102-103: 409-420. Steinemann, S., and M. Steinemann. 2005. Y chromosomes: born to be destroyed. BioEssays 27: 1076-1083. Stevens, N. M. 1908. A study of the germ cells of certain Diptera, with reference to the heterochromosomes and the phenomena of synapsis. J. Exptl. Zool. 5: 359-374. Sturtevant, A. H., and E. Novitski. 1941. The homologies of the chromosome elements in the genus Drosophila. Genetics 26: 517-541. Suzuki, Y. M., O. Kitagawa, and K. I. Wakahama. 1990. Chromosomal analysis and phylogenetic relationships in the Drosophila nasuta subgroup I. Phylogenetic relationships within the Drosophila sulfurigaster species complex. Genetica 80: 53-66. Tajima, F. 1989. DNA polymorphism in a subdivided population: the expected number of segregating sites in the two-subpopulation model. Genetics 123: 229-240. Tan, C. C., T. C. Hsu, and T. C. Sheng. 1949. Known Drosophila species in China with descriptions of twelve new species. Univ. Texas Publ. 4920: 196-206. Thompson, J. D., D. G. Higgins, and T. J. Gibson. 1994. ClustalW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673-4680. Thornton, K., D. Bachtrog, and P. Andolfatto. 2006. X chromosomes and autosomes evolve at similar rates in Drosophila: no evidence for faster-X protein evolution. Genome Res. 16: 498-504. Tsai, D. H. 2008. Phylogeny of Drosophila albomicans chromosomes. Master thesis. Graduate Institute of Entomology, National Taiwan University. R. O. C. Wakahama, K. I., T. Shinohara, M. Hatsumi, S. Uchida, and O. Kitagawa. 1983. Metaphase chromosome configuration of the immigrans species group of Drosophila. Jpn. J. Genet. 57: 315-326. Wharton, L. T. 1943. Analysis of the metaphase and salivary chromosome morphology within the genus Drosophila. Univ. Texas Publ. 4313: 282-321. Wheeler, L. L., A. S. Capps, and F. D. Wilson. 1973. The heterochromatic chromosome if D. nasutoides. Dros. Inf. Serv. 50: 68. Wilson, F. D., M. R. Wheeler, M. Harget, and M. Kambysellis. 1969. Cytogenetic relations in the Drosophila nasuta subgroup of the immigrans group of species. Univ. Tex. Publ. 6918: 207-253. Winge, O. 1927. The location of eighteen genes in Lebistes reticulata. J. Genet. 18: 1-43. Womble, D. D. 2000. GCG: The Wisconsin package of sequence analysis programs. Methods Mol. Biol. 132: 3-22. Wright, F. 1990. The ‘effective number of codons’ used in a gene. Gene 87: 23-29. Yamato, K. T., K. Ishizaki, M. Fujisawa, S. Okasa, S. Nakayama, et al. 2007. Gene organization of the liverwort Y chromosome reveals distinct sex chromosome evolution in a haploid system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 6472-6477. Yang, Z. 1997. PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 13: 555-556. Yi, S., D. Bachtrog, and B. Charlesworth. 2003. A survey of chromosomal and nucleotide sequence variation in Drosophila miranda. Genetics 164: 1369-1381. Yu, Y. C. 1996. Stepwise chromosome evolution in Drosophila albomicans. Master thesis. Graduate Institute of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University. R. O. C. (in Chinese) Yu, Q., S. Hou, F. A. Feltus, M. R. Jones, J. E. Murray, et al. 2008. Low X/Y divergence in four pairs of papaya sex-linked genes. Plant J. 53: 124-132. Yu, Y. C., F. Lin, and H. Chang. 1997. Karyotype polymorphism in hybrid populations of Drosophila nasuta and D. albomicans. Zool. Stud. 36: 251-259. Yu, Y. C, F. J. Lin, and H. Chang. 1999. Stepwise chromosome evolution in Drosophila albomicans. Heredity 83: 39-45. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/26517 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 紅果蠅 (Drosophila albomicans) 具有一對新的性染色體 (3-X 與 3-Y),使得其性染色體佔了整個基因組的 60%,而與此對新性染色體 3 號臂同源的仍為其同胞種-輝顏果蠅 (D. nasuta) 的 3 號體染色體。一般而言,Y 染色體多異染色質化且僅含少數具有活性的基因,但由於紅果蠅具有此癒合的新性染色體,尚處於染色體分化初期,這些同源序列是研究性性染色體與體染色體差別的好材料,本論文依此特性,探討諸如 Y 染色體上對雄性有利的性別拮抗因子的堆積、Y 染色體的退化以及性染色體分化的時間。由限制性雜合消去法 (SSH) 所獲得的紅果蠅雄性特殊表現基因的分析結果,並未顯示在新性染色體臂上的比例較高,但如預期地性染色體上的基因承受較大的選汰壓,並雄性特殊表現基因的演化速率較一般基因為快。並由紅果蠅性染色體上的二十五個對偶基因,其 X 與 Y 序列差異推測新性染色體臂分化的時間約七萬年。雖未發現紅果蠅新 Y 染色體有明顯的退化,但發現雲南族群的 Amyrel 基因有一個多態存在的退化因子,它的表現序列具有一個 206 bp 的缺失而且該序列的轉譯過早終止。表示 Y 染色體在演化初期雖未有顯著的退化現象,但族群中已出現退化因子。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Drosophila albomicans has a pair of neo-sex chromosomes which composed 60% of the genome (i.e., fused 3-X and 3-Y) and the homologous 3rd chromosome is still an autosome of its sibling species D. nasuta. Generally speaking, the Y chromosome contains only a small number of genes and its major components are heterochromatin. Because of the fusion events between the autosome and sex chromosomes, D. albomicans became a promising material to study the early stage of sex chromosomes. Homologous sequences on the 3rd chromosome can be used to study sex chromosome differentiation after the cessation of recombination, such as the accumulation of sexual antagonistic alleles favoring males, Y chromosome degeneration and the neo-sex chromosome divergence time of D. albomicans. The SSH cDNA library of males did not show a significant higher proportion of male specifically expressed genes located on this neo-sex chromosome arms, but their evolution rate is higher as expected. Also as expected, genes on the sex chromosome were shown to be under higher selection pressure, and found the evolution rate is higher of the male-specific expression genes than other ones. The divergence time of the neo-sex chromosomes is about 70,000 years according to the 25 alleles of X and Y homologous sequences. There’s no significant degeneration found on the neo-Y chromosome, however, an allele of the gene Amyrel on the Y chromosome with a 206 bp deletion and a premature stop codon was found polymorphically existed in the Yunnan population. It shows there’s no obvious degeneration of Y chromosome at this early stage; nevertheless, a degenerate allele polymorphically existed. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T07:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-97-F88632003-1.pdf: 5895938 bytes, checksum: bc9d3816fb7d88ec21767a1cc9c62734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
頁數 謝辭……………………………………………………………… i 中文摘要………………………………………………………… iii 英文摘要………………………………………………………… iv 前言……………………………………………………………… 1 (1) 穆勒氏棘輪 (Muller’s ratchet)……………………… 3 (2) 搭便車效性 (hitchhiking effect) …………………… 3 (3) 染色體的不需適應性 (non-adaptive Y) ……………… 4 果蠅性染色體的癒合與退化…………………………………… 4 紅果蠅的性染色體演化………………………………………… 6 材料與方法……………………………………………………… 12 果蠅之品系、維持與雜交實驗………………………………… 12 cDNA libraries 之建立……………………………………… 13 SSH libraries 之建立……………………………………… 15 Genomic DNA 之萃取………………………………………… 17 聚合酶連鎖反應與定序……………………………………… 17 序列分析……………………………………………………… 18 序列資料整理………………………………………………… 22 親緣關係樹之建立…………………………………………… 25 結果……………………………………………………………… 27 紅果蠅與輝顏果蠅 ESTs 之分析……………………………… 27 紅果蠅新性連基因與輝顏果蠅同源基因之分析……………… 28 親緣關係樹與地理分布之關係………………………………… 40 分歧時間………………………………………………………… 47 討論……………………………………………………………… 49 性別拮抗因子之累積…………………………………………… 49 新 Y 染色體之退化……………………………………………… 50 性染色體之分歧時間…………………………………………… 51 參考文獻………………………………………………………… 53 附錄……………………………………………………………… 63 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 紅果蠅新性染色體之演化 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila albomicans | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 96-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李後晶(How-Jing Lee),于宏燦(Hon-TsenYu,),陳昭倫(Chaolun Allen Chen),丁照棣(Chau-Ti Ting),張俊哲(Chun-che Chang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 性染色體,紅果蠅,輝顏果蠅,互補 DNA 資料庫,雄性特殊表現基因,退化, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | cDNA library,degeneration,Drosophila albomicans,D. nasuta,male-specific expressed gene,sex chromosome, | en |
dc.relation.page | 61 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2008-07-30 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 昆蟲學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 昆蟲學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-97-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 5.76 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。