台北縣幼稚園幼童之健康行為調查

Abstract

本研究目的為瞭解幼稚園幼兒採行健康行為的現況，並探討影響幼兒健康行為的相關因素。以台北縣96年度公私立幼稚園的小朋友為主要研究對象，採問卷調查法，對全縣374所幼稚園中的每個班級隨機抽出點名簿上3位小朋友，請家長填寫問卷，每個班級請1位老師填寫教師版問卷，每一所幼稚園請負責人填寫幼稚園環境調查表，回收家長版有效問卷2129份，教師版有效問卷有740份，幼稚園環境調查有效問卷有269份。結果發現：1、幼兒正向行為絕大多數幼兒在洗澡、吃東西前洗手、上廁所後洗手、睡前刷牙皆能做到，但其中起床後刷牙習慣約有五分之一的幼兒未能做到，超過三分之一以上幼兒出現睡眠不足問題;幼兒負向健康行為之狀況，以吃甜的點心、喝加糖飲料、超過10點未睡為幼兒從事比率最高之負向行為;2、在研究樣本健康行為之相關因素方面(1)主要照顧者健康信念、家人互動程度皆與正向飲食行為有關。(2)幼兒性別、是否為獨子及老師健康信念皆與負向飲食行為有關。(3)在幼兒性別及是否為獨子、母親年齡、家人互動程度、老師健康相關在職訓練及幼稚園提供健康餐飲等變項，皆與動態休閒活動有關。(4)幼兒性別、年齡、母親年齡、主要照顧者健康信念及家人互動程度皆與靜態休閒活動有關。(5)幼兒年齡、母親工作時間、主要照顧者健康信念、家人互動程度、老師的健康信念及提供健康餐飲與健康生活習慣有關。根據本研究結果建議幼兒時期是飲食習慣的關鍵階段，建議相關的健康促進與介入計畫應從幼稚園階段開始；父母親健康信念及老師健康信念對幼兒健康行為深具影響，建議未來加強父母親及教師幼兒行為相關知能，提升其健康信念，另外家人相處對幼兒健康行為而言，重要影響因子，因此應鼓勵家長增進與幼兒間的相處時間及互動頻率。

The purpose of this research is for understanding the present situation that kindergarten children adopt the healthy behavior, and the relevant factors which may influence the healthy behavior of children. The main object of this research focused on the public and private kindergarten children in Taipei County. By using the questionnaire method, every class took 3 children on the roll book randomly of the 374 kindergartens in the whole county, then to request the children’s parents, the teacher and the director of the kindergarten to fill in the questionnaire. The number of the effective questionnaires retrieved from the parent edition is 2129, the teacher edition is 740, and the kindergarten environment edition is 269. The study finally found as below: 1.Most children can do well in the positive healthy behavior, including taking a bath, washing hands before eating and after going to the toilet, brushing teeth before sleep. But at the same time, nearly 1/5 of the child fail to brush teeth after getting up, and more than 1/3 of the child do not have enough sleep. On the contrary, the most negative healthy behaviors are eating sweet snack, drinking sugar beverage, and going to bed exceeding 10 o'clock pm. 2. Relevant factors of the healthy behavior may have some correlation from the survey (1) the relationship between the positive diet behavior and the healthy belief of the main caregiver, and the degree of the family interaction; (2) the relationship between the negative diet behavior and the sex of the child, the only son, and the healthy belief of the teacher; (3) the relationship between the dynamic recreation activity and the sex of the child, the only son, mother's age, the degree of the family interaction, the teacher's healthy relevant in-service training, and the healthy food and beverage offered by the kindergarten; (4) the relationship between the static recreation activity and the sex of the child, age, mother's age, the healthy belief of the main caregiver, and the degree of the family interaction; (5) the relationship between the healthy life habit and the child’s age, the working time of the mother, the healthy belief of the main caregiver, the degree of the family interaction, the healthy belief of the teacher, and the healthy food and beverage offered by the kindergarten. According to this study, it was proposed that 1.because the childhood is the key stage to cultivate the well diet habits, the relevant healthy promotion and intervention planning should begin since the stage of the kindergarten; 2.because the healthy behavior of the child was deeply influenced by the healthy belief of the parents and the teacher, they should enhance some relevant knowledge in children’s behavior and healthy belief; 3.because the degree of the family interaction is an important factor to the child’s healthy behavior, therefore, it encourages the parents to spend more time to get along with the child.