從性工作權觀點探討性交易管制之憲法爭議

Abstract

本文主要是想探討憲法架構下的性交易管制問題。首先觀察性交易現象在台灣的歷史脈絡，以及性交易在幾個世界大國受到管制的程度與型態。藉由這些初步的瞭解，建構出性交易在人們心目中的形象，進而提出人民從事性交易之自主決定所可能涉及的憲法基本權：性行為自由、性交易自由與性工作權。接著逐一討論贊成或反對國家管制性交易之理由，並以此為基礎，處理國家管制性交易正當性與人民從事性交易自由之間的衝突。最後進一步嘗試從性工作權的觀點，重新檢視我國社會秩序維護法第80條中，對於娼妓行為施以行政罰之條款，是否符合憲法原理原則之要求。 本文主張，既然自古至今性交易活動無法被全面而有效率地禁絕，而且也並不存在一個毫無破綻的禁絕理由，無論國家是否認可性交易的合法地位，我們都無法忽視從事娼妓行為是現實社會中的職業選項之一。因此在性交易自由與性工作權的制約之下，國家對於性交易之管制應採取極為謙抑的保守態度，從而無論針對娼妓行為、嫖客行為或助娼行為，均不應理所當然地以處罰為首選之手段。尤其是在不處罰娼妓行為的命題之下，更不宜將嫖客行為或助娼行為個別列為單獨處罰的對象，以達到邏輯上的一致。至於處罰之外的管制手段，本文認為，無論是從事娼妓行為或是具有一定規模之助娼行為，國家採行低度干預的核備模式，將會比許可模式或全然放任更為妥適。同時更應正視性工作者之主體性，協助其成立平等互利的合作社，俾能有助於性工作權之保障。

This thesis is to explore the control of the sex trade under the constitutional framework. First of all, the sex trade in the history of Taiwan and the control patterns of it in several world powers reflect its image in people's minds. By these preliminary understanding, I not only discussed the reasons for the sex trade under the national control one by one, but also dealt with the conflict between the national control and the right to sex trade. Furthermore, I attempted to use the concept of the right to sex work in order to re-examine whether the existing law in accordance with the demands of the Constitution principles. Since the sex trade activities can not be comprehensive and efficient manner ban from ancient times until now, I advocate that we shall confront sex work as a work, no matter which is legal or not. Confined with the right to sex trade and the right to sex work, the policy of the sex trade should be governed by light-handed regulation, regardless of the prostitutes, their clients or the pimps of prostitution. Especially in the proposition of non-punishment for prostitutes, it is even not appropriate for esteeming the client or the pimp as a separate object of punishment. In other words, the means of control beyond the punishment, based on the protection of the sexual autonomy and the right to sex work, should impose lower density of regulation, such as a system for future reference or a cooperative association.