植林減碳計畫運作模式之探討

Abstract

摘 要 本研究主要目的為探討台灣發展植林減碳計畫的可行方案。藉此瞭解國外如何運作植林減碳計畫來達到溫室氣體減量的目標。國際社會對於如何抑制溫室氣體的排放，多年來已達成共識。在著名的京都議定書中，清潔發展機制是其中一項達成減少溫室氣體排放並且經濟能持續的發展。2001年在德國波昂召開COP6的續會，達成「波昂政治協議」，同年在摩洛哥召開COP7，達成「馬拉喀什協定」，兩者同意將造林、再造林減碳計畫納入清潔發展機制在第一個承諾期(2008-2012)的合格計畫。清潔發展機制的這個機制的成形，是經由多方談判而形成。清潔發展機制植林計畫至通過至今，相關技術規則已越來越成熟，其中以通過的方法學有10個。 本研究透過以國際社會逐漸成熟的清潔發展機制下之植林計畫，探討台灣如何善加利用此機制，以利台灣未來在國際社會增加競爭力。首先，台灣的森林資源及土地利用調查之前置作業的展開有利於清潔發展機制的運作。其次，相關機構的建立，如國家主管機構的成立，根據資料顯示，大部分國家的統籌機構以該國環保相關機構為主。再來是清潔發展機制之技術規則的介紹，分析如何才能完成一個CDM計畫活動，並取得溫室氣體減量信用憑證(CERs)，後續並可以投入碳市場進行交易。研究中指出台灣植林減碳計畫實施程序之流程及國家後續監督的過程。最後，台灣應盡速通過與溫室氣體相關的法案，以利與國際上現行的機制接軌。巴里島路線圖的通過，代表著對於溫室氣體減量的範圍由已開發國家擴大到排放量較大的開發中國家，顯示將來必定台灣亦必須接受減量，對台灣經濟產業的變化產生極大的衝擊。台灣政府與企業須及早因應此衝擊對台灣經濟的影響，達到經濟永續發展與環境保護的目標。

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the development of Clean Development Mechanism options. How to understand the operation of foreign CDM to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets. The international community how to check the emission of greenhouse gases, a consensus has been reached over the years. In the famous Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is one of a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable economic development. 2001 Bonn in Germany held COP6 resumed, and reached the 'Bonn political agreement', the same year in Morocco held COP7, and reached the 'Marrakesh Agreement,' the two agreed to afforestation, reforestation activities under the CDM in the first commitment period (2008-2012) of eligible projects. CDM for the forming of this mechanism is through multilateral negotiations and the formation of its processes and mechanisms can be used to analyze the design theory. CDM through afforestation projects to date, relevant technical rules have become more mature, with the monitoring methodology through 10. This research penetration by the international society gradually mature Clean Development Mechanism, study Taiwan how make something of this mechanism, for the convenience of Taiwanese in the future at international society increase competitiveness. First of all, Taiwan's forest resources, and land-use surveys lead to the commencement of the operation of the CDM. Secondly, the establishment of relevant institutions, such as the establishment of Designated National Authority, the data show that the majority of countries co-ordinating body to the country's environmental protection agency mainly related. Then CDM of the technical rules, analysis of how to complete a CDM project activities, and obtain CERs, follow-up and can be put carbon market transactions. Research pointed out that Taiwan CDM afforestation process and the implementation of procedures national follow-up supervision of the process. Finally, with Taiwan as soon as possible a bill related to greenhouse gases, so as to facilitate the international convergence on the existing mechanism. Bali by the road map, representing the reduction of greenhouse gases from the scope has been expanded to the development of national emissions of the larger developing countries, the future will show that Taiwan must accept the reduction, the Taiwan Economic changes have a significant impact. Taiwan government and enterprises to be an early response to this impact on Taiwan's economic impact to sustainable economic development and environmental protection goals.