工程契約價金調整方式之研究

Abstract

營建工程因具備持續期間漫長、受天候及工區條件之影響甚大、參與之專業人士眾多、設計與成本難以精確估計等特質，當事人常難以於計畫之初完整預料契約執行過程中可能遇到之障礙，是以工程契約當事人於契約執行中就契約內容進行調整實為常態，而契約內容之調整往往變動了契約當事人之對價關係，而產生了究竟得否調整契約價金之爭議。 廠商承作工程或技術服務契約之目的本在獲取利潤，如執行契約義務之成本有所增加，勢必影響承作該件工程之利潤，從而得否成功爭取調整契約價金對承包商而言，不可不謂重要；對業主而言，應否調整契約價金關乎其預算之控制及資金之運用，是以契約價金調整之問題，在工程契約法領域之重要性不言可喻，惟我國國內多數工程契約對於契約價金之調整方式均未詳加規定，導致相關爭議層出不窮，故本文選擇工期展延、物價波動、工作變更及工作方法變更等國內常見之價金調整事由，就其價金之調整方式進行討論。 本文首先簡要介紹工程契約之分類及性質，再進一步對工程契約當事人可能面臨之風險進行初步分析，整理目前國內外學界就工程契約關係中之風險分配方式，以反應各種工程契約計價方式所隱含之風險分配意義。 其次，本文就因工期展延、物價波動、工作變更及工作方法變更等情形，分析國內外常用營建工程契約及技術服務契約範本就上開情形所採用之價金調整方式，再整理國內實務及學說對於相關問題之見解，最後參考國外文獻所提出之見解及分析，並提出本文對於上述事由發生時契約價金應採用何種調整方式之建議，期能提供國內工程及法律從業人員面對類似問題時另一個思考之方向。

Construction projects are characterized by long duration, being influenced greatly by weather and site conditions, involving numerous professionals and difficult to estimate the total cost. Hence participators of a construction project are often unable to foresee the obstacles confronted during the whole process. Therefore, alternating a construction contract is not unusual and will create an issue whether the contract price should be adjusted accordingly. To a contractor or a consultant in a construction project, alternation of the contract may increase the cost of performance and the difference should be claimed. To the employer, the price adjustment makes impact on budget control. It is obvious that the price adjustment issue is critical in the field of construction law. However, most contracts in Taiwan do not provide any method of price adjustment, hence creating many arguments. Thus, in this thesis, three kinds of circumstances which often trigger the price adjustment arguments are chosen to be researched whether and how the price should be adjusted in these individual circumstances. First, this thesis will introduce the kinds and natures of construction contracts, analyzing the risks borne by the participants, sorting the ways how professionals allocate the risks, in order to find out the logics of pricing methods which reflect risk allocation of these contract types. Next, this thesis will analyze price adjustment methods provided by various forms of contracts on extension of time, escalation and variation. The decisions of the courts will also be discussed. Finally, this thesis will conclude and provide suggestions on whether and how to adjust price in these circumstances.