以SCOR模式探討我國小家電產業海外供應鏈管理現況 －以A公司為例

Abstract

本研究係以現今台灣小家電產業作為研究對象，並以台灣一家個案公司之供應鏈進行個案研究，探討其上、中、下游之供應鏈體系，檢視其經營策略與營運現況之問題。並就市場變化之需，分析並提出最佳供應鏈之新設計方案，以創造個案公司更為堅實的經營利基。其研究成果如下： 一、適合台灣小家電個案公司產業分析供應鏈管理的模式 1.供應鏈型態分析 第一層級的型態分析中，針對供應鏈的企業別、企業內的營運單位別與個營運單位的基本功能進行分析；第二層級在分析A公司的供應鏈結構中，相關聯的營運單位之間所存在的設備、服務、資訊的流動方向與SCOR 的五種（Plan、Source、Make、Deliver、Return）作業程序的類型。 2.供應鏈績效分析 以SCOR-model 的方法，從A公司供應鏈的績效來分析，找出A公司供應鏈的各項績效指標。 二、以SCOR模式建立台灣小家電產業個案公司供應鏈管理的績效指標 本研究建立之供應鏈管理的績效指標如下： 1.供應鏈信賴度 （1）完美訂單履行率：完美訂單為顧客訂單週期中之相關作業毫無缺失時的訂單稱之。其公式為每月完美訂單數除以每月應交貨之總訂單數。 2.供應鏈回應度 （1）訂單履行週期時間：履行顧客訂單的平均實際週期時間;開始於收到訂單而結束於顧客接受訂單。履行訂單的策略有M1(make-to-stock)，M2(make-to-order)，M3(make-to-engineer)等三種。 3.供應鏈彈性 （1）供應鏈增產彈性：定義為非計劃而增產20%所需求天數。 （2）供應鏈增產適應性：在30 天內可達成增加量遞交的最大維持比率。 4.供應鏈的成本 （1）供應鏈管理成本：係指和供應鏈相關之直接和間接成本。即計劃、蒐源、遞交、退回等成本之加總。 （2）銷貨成本：和採購原物料及製造成品相關之成本。 5.供應鏈資產管理 （1）現金週轉時間：從原物料採購至現金回流進公司之時間。現金週轉時間之計算方式為供應的存貨天數+應收帳款天數-應付帳款天數。 （2）固定資產週轉率：以固定資產迴轉率為績效指標來衡量公司、廠房、設備及土地等固定資產的使用效率。 三、小家電個案廠商供應鏈管理的成功關鍵因素。 1.企業內部的資訊基礎建設 2.電子化資訊交換協定標準的訂定 3.企業間協同合作的共識 4.合作夥伴間的信任關係 5.政府法規對於企業的支持與否 6.管理資訊系統的委外或自製 7.合作企業雙方所使用的資料庫技術 關鍵字：供應鏈績效分析、SCOR模式、小家電產業

Abstract The research based on a case study of supply chain of small appliance industry to review the management strategies and the current status of operation, also discuss the whole supply chain system . We propose the best supply chain design model based on analysis of market change to create substantial niche. 1. It is suitable for the appliance industry of Taiwan to analysis supply chain management model (1)Analysis of supply chain type The first stage is supply chain model analysis that focus on different enterprise, internal operation unit and its’ basic function. The second stage based on the equipments, service and direction of information for the operation units that correlate with supply chain structure. (2) Analysis of supply chain performance Using SCOR-model to analysis supply chain performance of company A , find the performance index 2. Setting up performance indicators of supply chain management for the small appliance industry of Taiwan by SCOR (1) Supply chain delivery reliability Perfect order fill rate: Perfect orders per month divided by amount of outstanding orders per month. (2) Supply chain responsiveness Order fulfillment lead time. (3) Supply chain flexibility A. Upside supply chain flexibility: the days of unplanned increasing production 20%. B. Supply chain adaptability: achieve maximum rate of increasing delivery. (4) Supply chain cost: A. Management cost: direct and indirect cost that related with supply chain. It means the sum of planning, collecting, delivering, and returning cost. B. Cost of good sold: the cost related with purchasing materials and manufacturing. (5) Supply chain assets management A. Cash turnover period: the period from purchasing materials to cash returning. It means the days of inventory plus days of account receivable and minus days of account payable. B. Fixed asset turnover is the performance indicators to measure factory building, facilities and efficiency. 3.Key success factor: (1) Internal information infrastructure. (2) Establish the standard of electronic information on exchange. (3) Consensus of collaboration. (4) Partners trust. (5) Whether the government enactment support or not. (6) Information management system is made or bought. (7) The database skill that both sides used. Keywords: Analysis of Supply Chain Performance, SCOR Model, Small Appliance Industry