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DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 徐富昌(Fu-Chang Hsu) | |
dc.contributor.author | Poh-Peng Loh | en |
dc.contributor.author | 駱寶萍 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-13T06:41:51Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2019-07-20 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-13T06:41:51Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2017-07-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2017-06-01 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/2548 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本文是一篇以《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)的詞類為研究主題的學位論文。在本文裡,詞類分為兩大種,即實詞和虛詞。實詞又分作名詞、數詞、量詞、動詞、形容詞和代詞。虛詞分作副詞、介詞、連詞、助詞、語氣詞、歎詞和兼詞。本文據篇章文義、詞句意義、句法功能、語法特點和其他相關的語法著作這五個主要的考量依據,在個別詞類之下又再分成數個小類。
經過閱讀文本到劃分詞類等數個研究步驟之後,得到的結論是《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)文本裡的名詞,共有763個,其中單音節325個,雙音節310個,三音節98個,多音節30個。數詞只有19個,其中單音節16個,雙音節3個。量詞只有7個,全都是單音節。單音節動詞共有394個,雙音節動詞共有22個,三音節動詞只有1個,總計417個動詞。形容詞有108個,當中單音節96個,雙音節12個。代詞有27個,當中單音節的代詞佔25個,雙音節的代詞只佔2個。 不管是上古漢語或現代漢語,虛詞都是一批封閉性的、可列舉的、語法特點和句法功能變化較大及僅具有語法意義的詞。雖然虛詞不像實詞般具備實在的詞彙意義,但欲表達完整意義的句子或文章不能沒有虛詞的使用,在傳世和出土文獻裡也是如此。《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)文本裡有副詞、介詞、連詞、助詞、語氣詞、歎詞和兼詞,大都是單音節詞。 在甲骨和金文裡,有些詞早已出現並使用了一段很長的時間,如「于」、「於」、「不」、「弗」、「汝」、「爾」、「若」、「我」、「朕」、「余」、「其」、「厥」、「勿」、「毋」等。在甲骨金文裡,這些實詞和虛詞已經具備了一定的語法特點和句法功能。它們在使用上有一定的分工,當中有異有同。這些詞的使用和特定的語法現象,都是值得討論的語法課題。 無疑地,竹簡的釋文是理解竹簡內容的第一步,語法的研究是第二個步驟,也可說是第二層次的研究。語法研究的成果,對釋讀文字的工作可起參考性的輔助作用及價值,也可協助釋文的工作進行得更為順利和流暢。 關鍵詞 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This is a dissertation statement which focused on classification of ancient characters found in Pre-Qin Bamboo Manuscripts I and II that collected by Tsinghua University. The Bamboo manuscripts characters can be divided into two main categories, content word and function word. Content Word can be subdivided into noun, numeral, classifier, verb, adjective and pronoun. Function word can be subdivided into adverb, preposition, conjunction, particles, discourse markers, interjection and difficult words that can be classified to two different groups of words. In addition, content word and function word can be further subdivided into few more categories according to the meaning of passage, meaning of words and sentence, syntactic function, grammatical meaning and the other grammatical writings.
After careful studied, categorization of the characters of Bamboo manuscripts and others research steps, conclusion had been drawn, there are 763 nouns that consists of 325 single-syllable words, 310 double syllable words, 98 triple syllable words and 30 multi-syllable words. 19 numeral words which consists of 16 single-syllable words and 3 double-syllable words. There are only 7 classifiers which are all single-syllable word. 417 verbs consist of 394 single-syllable words, 22 double-syllable words and 1 triple-syllable word. There are 108 adjectives which consists of 96 single-syllable words and 12 double-syllable words. There are 27 pronouns which consists of 25 single-syllable words and 2 double-syllable words. Whether classical or modern Chinese language, function word is a sum of words that have some characteristics likes closed, can be listed, obvious changes in syntax features and syntactic functions, and only have grammatical meaning. Even though function words haven’t lexical meaning like content words, but, a sentence can’t be express fully and complete means without exist and usage of these words. These phenomena also happen in unearthed documents and other documents that passed from generation to generation. There are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, discourse markers, interjections and difficult words. Majorities of these words are single-syllable. Some Chinese words has been existed for a long time as those words can be found in Pre-Qin oracle and ancient bronze inscription, for example, yu(于),yu(於),bu(不),fu(弗),ru(汝),er(爾),ruo(若),wo(我),zen(朕),yu(余),qi(其),jue(厥),wu(勿),wu(毋)etc. The studies of oracle and ancient bronze inscription had shown that content words and function words had certain syntax features and syntactic functions. There are some similarities and differences when it comes to how the words was used. The way of these two categories of words were used and its grammatical requirements are both worthy of more discussion. Conclusion, in order to understand what were written on those Tsinghua Bamboo manuscripts, first, we have to understand the ancient characters. Study of its grammar is the second step, which is the second level of study of Bamboo manuscripts. Grammatical study can be help to understand the Bamboo manuscripts better and ensure the inscriptions of the Bamboo manuscripts go smoothly. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要.....................................................................................................i
英文摘要...................................................................................................iii 目錄............................................................................................................v 表目錄.......................................................................................................xi 凡例..........................................................................................................xii 第一章 緒論 1.1前言...............................................................................................1 1.2《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)的形制............................2 1.2.1《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)的形制.................................2 1.2.2《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(貳)的形制.................................3 1.3研究動機.......................................................................................3 1.4研究材料及對象...........................................................................5 1.4.1選擇《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》為研究材料的原因..............5 1.4.2選擇研究詞類的原因..............................................................6 1.5提出問題.......................................................................................8 1.6研究方法和範圍...........................................................................8 1.6.1研究方法和步驟......................................................................8 1.6.2研究範圍................................................................................14 1.7關於劃分詞類的幾個問題.........................................................15 1.7.1「詞有定類」或「詞無定類」?.........................................15 1.7.2各家學者如何劃分詞類?....................................................19 1.8文獻回顧.....................................................................................25 1.8.1戰國竹簡語法的研究概況....................................................26 1.8.2《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》語法的研究概況.........................30 1.9小結.............................................................................................36 第二章《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)實詞研究(甲) 2.1名詞和名詞的分類.....................................................................38 2.1.1普通名詞................................................................................38 2.1.1.1物質名詞...........................................................................39 2.1.1.2有生名詞...........................................................................42 2.1.1.3抽象名詞...........................................................................50 2.1.2專有名詞................................................................................57 2.1.2.1人名...................................................................................58 2.1.2.2氏族名詞...........................................................................64 2.1.2.3國家名詞...........................................................................66 2.1.2.4地名...................................................................................70 2.1.2.5山名、水名.......................................................................73 2.1.2.6職官名詞...........................................................................75 2.1.2.7其他類...............................................................................78 2.1.3時地名詞................................................................................80 2.1.3.1時間名詞...........................................................................80 2.1.3.2方位名詞...........................................................................83 2.1.3.3處所名詞...........................................................................85 2.2名詞活用.....................................................................................86 2.2.1名詞活用為動詞....................................................................86 2.2.2名詞活用為形容詞................................................................87 2.3小結.............................................................................................88 2.4數詞和數詞的分類.....................................................................88 2.4.1基數詞....................................................................................88 2.4.1.1係數詞...............................................................................89 2.4.1.2位數詞...............................................................................91 2.4.2序數詞....................................................................................92 2.4.2.1紀年方式...........................................................................92 2.5數詞活用.....................................................................................93 2.5.1數詞活用為副詞....................................................................94 2.6數詞的稱數方式.........................................................................94 2.6.1數+名....................................................................................94 2.6.2名+數+量............................................................................95 2.7小結.............................................................................................96 2.8量詞和量詞的分類.....................................................................97 2.8.1名物量詞................................................................................98 2.8.2時間量詞................................................................................98 2.8.2.1「數詞和時間量詞」組合的句法功能............................98 2.9小結.............................................................................................99 第三章《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)實詞研究(乙) 3.1動詞和動詞的分類...................................................................100 3.1.1動作動詞..............................................................................102 3.1.1.1及物.................................................................................102 3.1.1.2不及物.............................................................................105 3.1.2感知動詞..............................................................................107 3.1.3存現動詞..............................................................................109 3.1.4狀態動詞..............................................................................111 3.1.5能願動詞..............................................................................112 3.1.6繫動詞..................................................................................114 3.1.7趨止動詞..............................................................................118 3.1.8比類動詞..............................................................................120 3.2動詞活用...................................................................................123 3.2.1動詞活用為名詞..................................................................123 3.3小結...........................................................................................125 3.4動詞相關問題討論...................................................................125 3.4.1趨止動詞「上」、「下」討論..............................................126 3.4.2趨止動詞「來」討論..........................................................132 3.4.3「曰」討論...........................................................................135 3.5形容詞和形容詞的分類...........................................................136 3.5.1性質形容詞..........................................................................136 3.5.2形態形容詞..........................................................................138 3.6形容詞活用...............................................................................141 3.6.1形容詞活用為名詞..............................................................141 3.6.2形容詞活用為動詞..............................................................142 3.7小結...........................................................................................143 3.8代詞和代詞的分類...................................................................144 3.8.1人稱代詞..............................................................................145 3.8.1.1第一人稱代詞.................................................................146 3.8.1.2己身代詞.........................................................................148 3.8.1.3第二人稱代詞.................................................................150 3.8.2指示代詞..............................................................................151 3.8.2.1近指.................................................................................151 3.8.2.2遍指.................................................................................151 3.8.3關於「其」、「之」、「厥」..................................................153 3.8.4疑問代詞..............................................................................157 3.8.5關係代詞..............................................................................158 3.9小結...........................................................................................159 4.0代詞相關問題討論...................................................................160 4.0.1「我」、「吾」、「余」、「朕」的用法比較...........................160 4.0.2「汝」、「爾」、「若」、「乃」的用法比較...........................166 4.0.3「其」、「之」、「厥」的用法比較.......................................168 4.0.4「是」、「此」、「兹」的用法比較.......................................171 第四章《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)虛詞研究(甲) 4.1關於虛詞...................................................................................174 4.2副詞...........................................................................................175 4.2.1副詞的定義..........................................................................175 4.2.2副詞的歸類..........................................................................176 4.2.3副詞的語法特點和句法功能..............................................178 4.2.4副詞的分類..........................................................................179 4.2.4.1情態副詞.........................................................................180 4.2.4.2範圍副詞.........................................................................185 4.2.4.3程度副詞.........................................................................192 4.2.4.4否定副詞.........................................................................196 4.2.4.5關聯副詞.........................................................................203 4.2.4.5.1並列式......................................................................203 4.2.4.5.2承接式......................................................................204 4.2.4.5.3轉折式......................................................................208 4.2.4.6頻度副詞.........................................................................208 4.2.4.7時間副詞.........................................................................210 4.2.4.8謙敬副詞.........................................................................223 4.3小結...........................................................................................225 4.4介詞...........................................................................................225 4.4.1介詞的語法特點和句法功能..............................................226 4.4.2介詞的分類..........................................................................227 4.4.2.1表時間地點的介詞.........................................................227 4.4.2.2表對象範圍的介詞.........................................................232 4.4.2.3表因果目的事件的介詞.................................................237 4.4.2.4表比較手段(方式)的介詞.........................................239 4.4.3小結......................................................................................241 4.5連詞和連詞的分類...................................................................241 4.5.1並列關係..............................................................................242 4.5.2因果關係..............................................................................247 4.5.3轉折關係..............................................................................249 4.5.4承接關係..............................................................................251 4.5.5假設關係..............................................................................256 4.6小結...........................................................................................258 第五章《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)虛詞研究(乙) 5.1助詞和助詞的分類...................................................................259 5.1.1結構助詞..............................................................................260 5.1.2語綴助詞..............................................................................266 5.1.2.1「有+名詞」的語法特點和句法功能............................268 5.1.2.2「有+動詞」的語法特點和句法功能............................269 5.2小結...........................................................................................270 5.3語氣詞和語氣詞的分類...........................................................270 5.3.1句首......................................................................................271 5.3.2句中......................................................................................273 5.3.3句末......................................................................................275 5.4歎詞...........................................................................................277 5.4.1歎詞的語法特點..................................................................278 5.4.2歎詞的分類..........................................................................279 5.4.2.1表感歎哀息.....................................................................279 5.4.2.2表應答.............................................................................280 5.5兼詞...........................................................................................281 5.5.1兼詞的句法功能..................................................................281 5.5.2兼詞的分類..........................................................................282 5.5.2.1合義字.............................................................................283 5.5.2.2合音合義字.....................................................................284 5.5.3小結......................................................................................285 5.6虛詞相關問題討論...................................................................285 5.6.1「亡」、「無」、「未」的用法比較.......................................285 5.6.2「勿」、「毋」的用法比較...................................................287 5.6.3「咸」、「皆」的用法比較...................................................289 5.6.4「乃」、「則」、「遂」的用法比較.......................................290 5.6.5「如」、「苟」、「後」的用法比較.......................................292 5.6.6「及」、「與」的用法比較...................................................293 5.6.7「於」、「于」的用法比較...................................................298 5.6.8有關「隹」(「維」、「惟」、「唯」)的討論........................301 5.6.9有關「弗」、「不」的討論..................................................305 5.6.10有關「以」的討論............................................................311 5.6.11有關「其」的討論............................................................313 5.6.12有關「之」的討論............................................................316 5.6.13有關「也」的討論............................................................318 第六章 結論 6.1第一章至第五章的總結...........................................................320 6.2回答研究的問題.......................................................................322 6.3未來的展望...............................................................................325 參考、引用書目和文獻.........................................................................326 附錄1......................................................................................................353 附錄2......................................................................................................359 附錄3......................................................................................................401 附錄4......................................................................................................419 附錄5......................................................................................................435 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 《清華大學藏戰國竹簡》(壹)和(貳)詞類研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Study of Classes of Words on Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscripts I and II | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 105-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林宏佳(Hong-Jia Lin),郭維茹(Wei-Ru Guo),王錦慧(Jin-Hui Wang),魏慈德(Wei Tzu-Te) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 清華簡,詞類,實詞,虛詞,語法特點,句法功能, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Tsinghua Bamboo manuscript,classical of words,content word,function word,syntax feature,syntactic function, | en |
dc.relation.page | 435 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201700867 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2017-06-02 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 文學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 中國文學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 中國文學系 |
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