茶葉中氨基甲酸鹽殺蟲劑殘留量分析方法建立及安全評估

Abstract

茶(Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) 是臺灣重要栽培作物，也是世界最受喜好的飲料。目前有許多的消費者關心茶葉農藥殘留問題及質疑銷售茶葉的安全性，因此本研究主要目的在探討適合茶葉中殘留氨基甲酸鹽類農藥之多種殘留分析方法(multiresidue analysis methods, MRMs)、研究加保扶(carbofuran)和加保利(carbaryl)在茶園中與茶葉製造和烘焙過程中的消退情形。再採用本研究建立之多種殘留分析方法，分析臺灣茶葉中之殘留氨基甲酸鹽類農藥情形，並進行安全評估。 本研究所建立之多種殘留分析方法可有效檢測微量之氨基甲酸鹽類農藥。結果顯示carbofuran 和 carbaryl在茶園中與茶葉製造和烘焙過程中呈現明顯的消退現象；由檢測茶葉樣品發現殘留氨基甲酸鹽類農藥之次數低且量極微，再與公告之最大殘留限量(maximum residue levels, MRLs)比較及進行取食安全評估，顯示消費者藉由取食茶葉受到氨基甲酸鹽類農藥殘留威脅之風險極低。 本研究可協助安全管控茶農之茶葉生產與製造，減少消費者對茶葉安全疑慮，此外並可供農政單位訂定茶葉中氨基甲酸鹽類農藥之最大殘留限量參考依據。

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a major crop in Taiwan, and tea is the most widely consumed beverage worldwide. However, due to increasing public concern for presence of pesticide residues in tea, many consumers have been skeptical that the tea available on market shelves is necessarily safe. The aim of this study firstly was to develop optimization multiresidue analysis methods (MRMs) to determine the nineteen carbamate pesticides in tea samples. Secondly it was to evaluate the dissipation of carbofuran and carbaryl according to field growth periods, manufacturing processing and roasting. Thirdly it was to investigate the carbamate pesticide residues in tea and evaluate the risk of carbamate pesticides in tea. The results indicate that the proposed method provides a trace level screening determination of carbamate pesticides residues in tea samples. The presence of carbofuran and carbaryl in tea can be reduced by proper field management, manufacturing and roasting processes. The detected levels of carbamate pesticides residues were further compared with the maximum residue levels (MRLs). And the detected levels of carbamate pesticides residues found were generally very low, representing a low consumer exposure to pesticides through the consumption of tea. This knowledge is vital to help tea farmers to establish consistent safety controls for tea culture management, achieve safe tea products and ensure worry-free tea consumption. The study is also important for the benchmark establishment among international standards.