臺灣客家電視媒體發展之探討

Abstract

電視媒體是當前最具影響力的傳播形式，自然成為族群語言文化傳承最重要的工具。可惜的是，過去國民黨政府長期忽略族群語言文化的傳播權，造成客家語言流失嚴重，客家文化面臨難以承繼的困境。

本論文之研究目的有二：一、檢視客家媒體在戰後臺灣語言文化發展中之重要性；二、探討臺灣客家電視媒體之未來發展方向。研究問題有三：一、探討戰後臺灣語言文化發展與客家媒體；二、解析臺灣客家電視媒體之發展歷程；三、從多元文化主義觀點探討臺灣客家電視媒體未來發展方向為何？研究方法有二：一、文獻分析法；二、深度訪談法。研究途徑採歷史研究途徑。本論文將臺灣客家電視媒體之發展歷程一一脈絡化，進一步提出臺灣客家電視媒體之未來發展方向。

本論文之研究發現有七：一、就發展面而言，臺灣客家媒體的發展與語言文化政策及客家運動息息相關；二、就型態面而言，「語言文化政策」、「客家運動」，以及「媒體近用」三者形構出今日臺灣客家電視媒體的樣貌；三、就微觀面而言，客家族群的「媒體近用權」需求大致已獲得初步滿足；四、就宏觀面而言，客家電視臺只達到部分｢族群內文化傳承｣的功能，尚未具備｢族群間文化交流｣的特性；五、就結構面而言，客家電視臺除以傳承客家語言、文化為定位外，未來應加強人才培訓及開發非客家族群市場；六、就內容面而言，客家電視臺應製作具有深度之客家文化性節目，將客家地方特色融入創意，形成新客家文化，確保客家文化永續經營；七、就法制面而言，未來客家電視臺應取得｢法制化｣地位。

Television Media is the most influential mass media at present, it certainly become the most important tool for the language and cultural heritage among the different ethnic groups. However, communication rights of language for ethnic groups had been neglected by the Government under KMT for long time, the need to maintain different languages, ethnic groups and cultures were never considered, this resulted in the new generation of Hakka refused to recognize the identities of their ethnic group, thus Hakka language is declining seriously, and Hakka Culture is facing the predicament that it is difficult to inherit to the future generations. Through historical research, making use of citation analysis and deep interview, this essay contextualizes one by one the connection of Taiwanese language and culture with Hakka mass media after the war, as well as the course of development for Taiwan Hakka Television Media, then the predicaments encountered is discussed under the framework of multi-culturalism, through the interview with representatives from manufacturing industry, government and academic circle, the aspects for future development of Taiwan Hakka Television Media is further discussed. Research show that the development of Hakka Media in Taiwan is closely related to the language and cultural strategies and Hakka Campaign, “Language and Cultural Strategies”, “Hakka Campaign” and “Access to the Media” had jointly formed the apperance of Taiwan Hakka Television Media today. To view from the microcosmic aspect, the need of Hakka Group’s “right to access to the media” has generally and initially met; however, from the macroscopic aspect, Hakka Television Station at present achieves partly the function of “cultural heritage within its ethnic group”, but not characterized yet with the “cultural exchange among the ethnic groups”. From the structural aspect of Hakka Television Station in the future, aside from position itself in the heritage of Hakka language and culture, it should emphasizes in the cultivation and training of talents, as well as the development of the market for non-Hakka Group; as from the aspect of its content, to produce Hakka Cultural program with profound content by combining Hakka’s local feature with originality, thus to creature new Hakka Culture, and to ensure the everlasting running of Hakka Culture; and from its legal aspect, Hakka Television Station shall be “legalized” in the future, thus to enhance the long-term development of cultural media for ethnic groups.