中文母語人士的日語請求表現之習得情形及問題點之分析

Abstract

中文母語人士的日語請求表現之習得情形及問題點之分析 高根 京子 摘要 本論文是關於為了掌握日語學習者對於請求表現的習得情況以及學習時出現的各種問題，而針對在台灣的以中文為母語而正在學習日本語的大學生所實施的有關請求表現的三個種類的問卷調查。同時為了將日語學習者和以日語為母語者做比較，也針對生活在日本的日語母語者及30歲以上的社會人士進行了問卷調查。本論文為分析這些問卷調查，作成了做為指標的“以位相理論為基礎的請求表現 禮貌程度的高低表”，並用於分析問卷調查的結果。 在向與說話者同年齡的朋友請求借手提箱的情況，日語學習者比日語母語者的 日本大學生更傾向於使用較禮貌的請求表現。與此相對，日語母語者的日本大學生，會有避免使用太禮貌的請求表現的傾向。推論這是因為使用低度禮貌的請求表現，在年輕人間會有促進情誼的可能性。日語學習者的大學生，用較為禮貌的請求表現向日本大學生請求的話，可能給人留下疏遠的印象。但是，日語學習者學習的時間越長，使用禮貌的請求表現的比率變低，表示學習時間的長度與禮貌程度的理解成比例。此外，日語母語者的社會人士連朋友也會用較禮貌的請求表現的回答比日語母語者的日本大學生更多見。 在說話者需要留學的推薦信而請求長輩的教師寫的情況，日語母語者的社會人士使用較禮貌的請求表現的回答相當多。相較之下，日語母語者及日語學習者的大學生並沒有使用高度的請求表現。此外，只針對日語學習者實施的選擇式問卷調查結果是能夠理解請求表現禮貌程度的高低。 此外，日語學習者所使用的請求表現可見到有幾個受到中文的影響，似乎是由於母語的干擾。 從語言溝通的觀點分析了問卷調查的回答，日語學習者一面顧慮到被請求者一面達成請求的目的。但是日語學習者中有幾個使用了日語母語者所沒有的策略的回答，雖然打算顧慮到被請求者，但可能有反遭誤解的擔憂。

The Learning Conditions and Problem Analysis of Japanese Request Performance for Native Chinese Speakers Kyoko Takane

Abstract Native Chinese speakers, who are Taiwanese college students, involved in second language acquisition of Japanese language, express requests and courtesy in a manner contrary to the native Japanese speaker. The paper discusses the learning conditions of Japanese courteous request in Taiwan, and analyses various issues Taiwanese second language acquire encounter. Questionnaire surveys related to the three types of requests were conducted on Chinese native speakers, who are college students, who are studying Japanese in Taiwan. Moreover, another survey was conducted on Japanese native speakers living in Japan and on the college students as well as on the general public over 30 years of age. The paper prepared a “phrase theory request and courtesy level scale” as an indicator for analyzing the questionnaire and results from the survey.

Second language acquire of Japanese tend to use more courteous request than Japanese native speaking college students who tend to avoid over courtesy. It is inferred that a lower degree of courteous request promotes friendship among young people. In contrast, Taiwanese college students studying Japanese who use more courteous request versus Japanese college students may hinder relationship building. However, once engagement is achieved over time, Taiwanese college students who are Japanese learners tend to use less courteous request, which indicates that the length of time is in promotion to the level of courtesy enough to establish friendship with other students. In addition, the general public of Japanese native speakers also use more courteous request than Japanese native college students. When requesting a letter of recommendation from senior teachers for overseas study, the general public of Japanese native speakers frequently use more courteous request. In comparison, Japanese native speaking college students and Taiwanese second language acquire do not use a greater degree of courteous request. Results from the questionnaire completed by Japanese learners are used to analyze the degree of courtesy in requests. In addition, courteous request used by Japanese learners is used to analyze the degree of courtesy in requests. In addition, courteous request used by Japanese learners is observed in the context of factors involving Chinese mother tongue interference. Responses from the questionnaire survey are analyzed from the perspective of inter-language communication. Taiwanese college students who are Japanese learners, take into consideration the nature of the requesters and at the same time, attempt to achieve the purpose of the request. Nonetheless, some Japanese learners use strategic replies that Japanese native speakers omit. Thus, although Taiwanese second language acquire take into consideration the requests, they could possibly be misunderstood.