有機污染物對蔬菜作物生長之影響

Abstract

有機物為水土中最常見的污染來源，本研究目的即欲了解不同有機物種類及不同濃度對於蔬菜作物生長造成的影響。本研究以不同濃度之葡萄糖-麩胺酸溶液、沙拉油、礦物油及酚作為污染物，分別進行水耕及土壤栽培試驗，供試植物種類主要有番茄、包心芥菜、甘藍、蕹菜及葉萵苣等。 以葡萄糖-麩胺酸溶液處理作物時，水耕栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、3750、7500、11250及15000 mg/L，結果發現於3750 mg/L以上，植物的株高生長量、根生長量、鮮重及乾重均與對照組有顯著差異，並產生萎凋及根部褐化等病徵。土壤栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、7500及15000 mg/L，於7500 mg/L以上對植物的株高、根長、鮮重、乾重及葉綠素含量均有明顯抑制作用，其所造成之病徵主要為矮化、下位葉黃化、根系稀疏及褐化等。 以沙拉油處理作物時，水耕栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、0.5、0.75、1及1.5 ％，結果發現於0.75 ％以上對植物的株高生長量、根生長量、鮮重及乾重均有明顯抑制作用。土壤栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、0.75及1.5 ％，包心芥菜於0.75 ％生長情形與對照組無顯著差異，且根長反而較長，於1.5 ％則對植物的生長有明顯抑制作用，但對葉綠素含量影響不大。 以礦物油處理作物時，水耕栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、0.5、0.75、1及1.5 ％，結果發現於0.5 ％以上對植物的株高生長量、根生長量、鮮重及乾重均有明顯抑制作用，以礦物油處理2天後，番茄、包心芥菜、甘藍及葉萵苣葉片開始出現半透明油浸狀之情形，顯示礦物油應可經由根部或莖基部進入植物體內。土壤栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、0.75及1.5 ％，於0.75 ％以上對植物的株高、根長、鮮重、乾重及葉綠素含量均有明顯抑制作用，並造成根部嚴重褐化。於1.5 ％番茄、包心芥菜及甘藍之減產率均達90 ％以上。 以酚處理作物時，水耕栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、50、100、200及300 mg/L，結果發現於50 mg/L以上對植物的株高生長量、根生長量、鮮重及乾重均有明顯抑制作用，並造成根部之褐化，酚濃度愈高根部褐化情形越嚴重。土壤栽培試驗之處理濃度為0、100及300 mg/L，於100 mg/L以上對植物的株高、根長、鮮重、乾重均有明顯抑制作用，但對葉綠素含量影響不大。

Organic compounds are the most important pollutants in water and soil. This research was aimed to determine the effects of four organic compounds on growth of vegetable plants. Experiments were carried on both hydroponic cultivation and soil cultivation experiments. Four organic compounds including glucose-glutamic acid solution, soybean oil, mineral oil and phenol were applied to tomato, head mustard, cabbage, water convolvulus and lettuce to investigate their effects on these plants. Glucose-glutamic acid solution was applied to plants at 0, 3750, 7500, 11250 and 15000 mg/L in the hydroponic cultivation experiment, respectively. Results showed that glucose-glutamic acid solution over 3750 mg/L significantly affected the shoot growth, root elongation, fresh weight and dry weight, and caused wilting and root browning symptoms. In the soil cultivation experiment, glucose-glutamic acid solution was applied to plants at 0, 7500 and 15000 mg/L, respectively. When the glucose-glutamic acid solution concentration was higher than 7500 mg/L, the height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content were significantly decreased. The symptoms induced by glucose-glutamic acid solution treatment include dwarf, leaf chlorosis, sparse root and root browning. Soybean oil was applied to plants at 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 ％ in the hydroponic cultivation experiment. When the soybean oil concentration was higher than 0.75 ％, the shoot growth, root elongation, fresh weight and dry weight were significantly reduced. In the soil cultivation experiment, soybean oil was applied to plants at 0, 0.75 and 1.5 ％. The growth of head mustard had no significantly difference compared with control, and the root length was longer at 0.75 ％. At 1.5 ％, the plant growth was significantly inhibited, but the chlorophyll content was not influenced. Mineral oil was applied to plants at 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 ％ in the hydroponic cultivation experiment. When the mineral oil concentration was higher than 0.5 ％, the shoot growth, root elongation, fresh weight and dry weight were significantly reduced. The leaves of tomato, head mustard, cabbage and lettuce exhibited translucent and oil-soaking symptoms after 2 days treatment, suggesting that the mineral oil could enter plant tissue via root or stem base and then moved into leaves. In the soil cultivation experiment, mineral oil was applied to plants at 0, 0.75 and 1.5 ％, respectively. When the mineral oil concentration was higher than 0.75 ％, the height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content were significantly reduced, and caused severe root browning. At concentration of 1.5 ％, the yield loss of tomato, head mustard, and cabbage were up to 90 ％. Phenol was applied to plants at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L in the hydroponic cultivation experiment. Results showed that phenol over 50 mg/L significantly affected the shoot growth, root elongation, fresh weight and dry weight, and caused root browning. The root browning was more serious when the phenol concentration increased. In the soil cultivation experiment, mineral oil was applied to plants at 0, 100 and 300 mg/L, respectively. When the phenol concentration was higher than 100 mg/L, the height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were significantly decreased, but chlorophyll content was not influenced.