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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 呂宗昕 | - |
dc.contributor.author | Jen-Hsien, Huang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 黃任賢 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T05:36:27Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2005-02-02 | - |
dc.date.issued | 2005 | - |
dc.date.submitted | 2005-01-24 | - |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/24681 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本論文利用新式沉澱-膠溶法製備二氧化鈦溶膠。添加適當的螯合劑可以有效地促進TiO6八面體的排列,並形成具有anatase晶相的二氧化鈦溶膠。而所製備之TiO2溶膠利用亞甲基藍測試其光觸媒活性,發現所製備之TiO2溶膠展現出較商用P25粉體更為優良的光催化活性。
另一方面,具有高比表面積的TiO2薄膜利用上述所得溶膠以含浸法鍍於各式纖維上。發現所得薄膜的特性與纖維的直徑大小都非常密切的關係。由於碳纖維的直徑較其他纖維小,因此可負載較多的TiO2並且薄膜所表現出來的絶熱性和附著性亦較佳。同時在加入適當的結合劑之後,TiO2薄膜與纖維之間的附著性可大幅地提升。 為了使二氧化鈦粉體於可見光之下作用,本論文利用Cr3+離子摻雜於TiO2主體晶格之內,嘗試改變其能階結構。由於所摻雜的Cr3+離子濃度相當低,因此由XRD繞射圖譜中無法觀察出任何具有Cr的雜相。而在DTA/TG結果中顯示,摻雜Cr3+離子之後可以有效地抑制rutile晶相的生成。於UV-visible吸收光譜當中顯示經過摻雜後的TiO2粉體於可見光下有吸收峰。而在XPS的結果中發現,在愈高溫下煆燒有助於Cr3+離子嵌入TiO2主體晶格。同時經過光觸媒活性測試之後,發現經過摻雜後的粉體於可見光之下具有光催化活性。 於本論文的最後一部分中,嘗試利用水熱法製備奈米管狀光觸媒粉體。由XRD的結果中發現所得粉體具有H2Ti3O7的晶相。且經過水熱處理之後的粉體,其比表面積可大幅度地提升。如此可以有效地提升光催化活性。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | TiO2 sol has been prepared by a novel precipitation-peptization method. Using appropriate molecule structure for chelation can enhance the rearrangement of TiO6 octahedra to form anatase TiO2. The TiO2 sol has been tested for the photocatalyzed degradation of methylene blue. The TiO2 sol shows a superior catalytic activity, which is greater than Degussa P25.
High specific surface TiO2 film coated on fibers was also prepared via dip coating method using the as-prepared TiO2 sol. The properties of TiO2 films strongly depend on the diameter of fibers. The carbon fiber with smaller diameter compared to others can load more TiO2 and this might contribute more to the heat property and photocatalytic activity. The carbon fiber also revealed better adhesion property than the other fibers and the adhesion property was promoted dramatically by the addition of binder. Cr3+-TiO2 photocatalyst responsive to visible light was prepared by chemical coprecipitation-peptization method. Due to very low Cr content, any crystalline phase containing Cr could not be observed by XRD in Cr3+-TiO2. The DTA/TG results show that the doping chromium ions can impede the phase transformation from anatase to rutile phase. The UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra of all the doped TiO2 samples show that the absorption shifts into visible light region. The XPS results demonstrate that the materials contain Ti, O and Cr. The intensity of chromium decreased with increasing heating temperature and it is proposed that under high annealing temperature, it can enhance the doping of Cr3+ ion into TiO2 lattice. The Cr3+-TiO2 samples revealed photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination and the photocatalytic activity was influenced by the heating temperature. In the final part of this thesis, nanofiber TiO2 was prepared by hydrothermal method. From the XRD results, it can be assigned to trititanate H2Ti3O7 phase. The nanofibers with hydrothermal treatment showed the highest specific surface area of 327.3 m2/g. The photocatalytic activity of nanofibers was found to be better than the raw TiO2 powder. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要
Abstract Contents…………………………………………………………………I List of Figures……………………………………………………III List of Tables…………………………………………………………X Chaper 1 Introduction and Background 1.1 Preface……………………………………………………………1 1.2 Crystal structures and properties of titanium dioxide………………2 1.1.1. Crystal structures of titanium dioxide…………………………2 1.1.2. Principles of of photocatalyst……………………………………4 1.3 Photocatalyst modifications…………………………………………7 1.3.1 Metal semiconductor modification…………………………………8 1.3.2 Composite semiconductors…………………………………………9 1.3.3 Surface Sensitization………………………………………………10 1.3.4 Transition Metal Doping……………………………………………11 1.4 Photo-induced superhydrophility………………………………………12 1.5 Heterogeneous quantum efficiencies…………………………………15 1.6 Nano-effects on photocatalysis…………………………………………16 1.7 Processes of synthesizing titanium dioxide…………………………18 1.7.1 Preparation of titanium dioxide powder……………………………18 1.7.2 Preparation of titanium dioxide thin film…………………………20 1.8 Application of photocatalytic titanium dioxide………………………21 1.8.1 Anti-bacterial, anti-viral and fungicidal……………………………22 1.8.2 Deodorizing and air purification……………………………………23 1.8.3 Self-cleaning………………………………………………………23 1.8.4 Anti-cancer…………………………………………………………24 1.8.5 Water treatment and water purification……………………………24 1.8.6 Other applications…………………………………………………25 1.9 Research objective………………………………………………………25 Chapter 2 preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide sol and thin film coated on fiber with high photocatalytic activity 2.1 roduction………………………………………………………………43 2.2 Experimental…………………………………………………………44 2.3 Characterization of nanometer-sized TiO2 sol………………………47 2.3.1 Character of nanometer-sized TiO2 sol……………………………47 2.3.2 Character of TiO2 coated fiber………………………………………51 2.3.3 Summary………………………………………………………56 Chaper 3 Characterization of nanosized Chromium ion-doped TiO2 Photocatalyst response to visible light 3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………68 3.2 Experimental…………………………………………………………69 3.3 Characterization of Cr3+ Ion-Doped TiO2 photocatalyst…………71 3.3.1 X-ray powder diffraction and lattice constant study………………72 3.3.2 Effect of Cr3+ ion doped on the reaction process of TiO2 powder…74 3.3.3 Microstructureal and specific surface area analysis of Cr3+-TiO2 powders……………………………………………………………75 3.3.4 Effect of Cr3+ ion doped on the optical properties of TiO2 powder……………76 3.3.5 Photocatalytic activity of Cr3+-TiO2………………………………78 3.4 Summary…………………………………………………………………83 Chapter 4 Preparation of nanofiber-shaped TiO2 powder by chemical processing 4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………99 4.2 Experimental…………………………………………………………100 4.3 Characterization of nanofiber TiO2 photocatalyst………………… 101 4.4 Summary…………………………………………………………106 Chapter 5 Conclusions……………………………………………114 Reference…………………………………………………………116 List of Figures Figure 1.1 Phase diagram of Ti-O system………………………………28 Figure 1-2 Crystal structure of anatase TiO2……………………………29 Figure 1-3 Arrangement of TiO6 octahedral in anatase TiO2……………29 Figure 1-4 Crystal structure of rutile TiO2………………………………30 Figure 1-5 Arrangement of TiO6 octahedral in rutile TiO2………………30 Figure 1-6 Schematic photoexcitation in a solid followed by deexcitation events……………………………………………………………31 Figure 1-7 Band edge position of several semiconductors in contact with aqueous electrolyte at pH 1……………………………………31 Figure 1-8 Solar spectrum at sea level with the sun at zenith…………32 Figure 1-9 Metal-modified semiconductor photocatalyst particle……32 Figure 1-10 Photoexcitation in composite semiconductor-semiconductor photocatalyst……………………………………………………33 Figure 1-11 TEM images of TiO2 nanowires and TiO2@CdS core/sheath nanowires with an S concentration of 0.2mmol……………33 Figure 1-12 Dye photosensitization mechanism of TiO2 nanocrystallites………………………………………………… 34 Figure 1-13 Periodic chart of the photocatalytic effects of various metal ion dopants in TiO2. The upper numbers are the quantum yields (%) for the oxidative chloroform degradation and the lower numbers are the quantum yields (%) for C1- production from the reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride…………………………………………………34 Figure 1-14 Mechanism of photo-induce hydrophilicity…………………35 Figure 1-15 Field test of stain-resistant exterior tiles in polluted urban air……………………………………………………………35 Figure 1-16 Quantum yield dependence on absorbed photons at various initial 2-propanol concentrations…………………………36 Figure1-17 Change in the electronic structure of a semiconductor compound as the number N of monomeric units present increases from unity to clusters of more than 2000………36 Figure 1-18 Relation of percentage of atoms on the surface and particle size……………………………………………………………37 Figure 1-19 Major areas of activity in titanium dioxide photocatalysis……37 Figure 1-20 Sterilizing effect on airborne bacteria……………………… 38 Figure 1-21 Sterilization of E. coli and endotoxin decomposition………38 Figure 1-22 Application of photocatalytic air purification to a room in which laboratory rats are raised……………………………39 Figure 1-23 Example of cleaning nitrogen oxide (NOx) in a typical apartment room………………………………………… 39 Figure 1-24 Photocatalytic decomposition of vegetable oil……………40 Figure 1-25 In vivo antitumor activity of photoexcited TiO2 particles…40 Figure 1-26 Schematic representation of the structure and components of the dye-sensitized solar cell……………………………………41 Figure 2-1 X-ray diffraction pattern of TiO2 sol prepared via precipitation-peptization method at 80oC………………………………………………………………60 Figure 2-2 TEM images of TiO2 sol prepared via precipitation -peptization method (a) aging at 80oC ( b) aging at 80oC (c) aging at 85oC (d) aging at 85oC………………………………59 Figure 2-3 particle size distribution of TiO2 sol prepared via precipitation-peptization method at 75oC, 80oC and 85oC, respective………………………………………………………60 Figure 2.4 Schematic diagram of mechanism for the formation of rutile and anatase particles…………………………………………61 Figure 2-5 The mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth for TiO2 sol from amorphous phase…………………………………………62 Figure 2-6 Photocatalytic degradation of methalene blue using anatase TiO2 (a) commercial P25 TiO2 powder (b) TiO2 sol obtained from 80oC (C) TiO2 sol obtained from 85oC…………………63 Figure 2-7 X-ray diffraction patterns of TiO2 film prepared by dip-coating with TiO2 sol (a) fibers coated TiO2 sol (b) fibers without coating TiO2 sol………………………………………64 Figure 2-8 SEM images of the raw fibers and fibers coated TiO2 sol via dip-coating method (a) raw Carbon fiber (b) raw PET fiber (c) raw Nylon fiber (d) coated TiO2 Carbon fiber (e) coated TiO2 PET fiber (f) coated TiO2 Nylon fiber………………………… 65 Figure 2-9 Insulation test for all kinds of raw fiber and coated with TiO2 sol fiber via dip-coating method……………………………66 Figure 2-10 Degradation of methylene blue solutions by TiO2 film (a) without photocatalyst (b) TiO2 film on glass substrate with the same area (c) Nylon fiber coated TiO2 sol (d) PET fiber coated TiO2 sol (e) Carbon fiber coated TiO2 sol via dip-coating method……………………………………………67 Figure 3-1 X-ray diffraction patterns of visible responsible TiO2 specimens at different calcinating temperature (a) without doping Cr3+ ion (I) without calcinations (II) 300oC (III) 500oC (IV) 700oC (b) doped with Cr3+ ion (V) without calcinations (VI) 300oC (VII) 500oC (VIII) 700oC…………………………85 Figure 3-2 Corresponding lattice constants and crystallite size of TiO2 and Cr3+-TiO2 powder (a) lattice parameter a (b) lattice parameter b……………………………………………………86 Figure 3-3 DTA-TG curves for TiO2 powder prepared under the present condition (a) TiO2 powder without doping (b) Cr3+-TiO2 powder…………………………………………………………87 Figure 3-4 Transmission electron microscopic images of the Cr3+-TiO2 prepared via the coprecipitation-peptization method (a) Cr3+-TiO2 dry at 80oC (b) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 300oC (c) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 500oC (d) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 700oC for 2hr………………………………………………………………88 Figure 3-5 BET specific surface area of TiO2 and Cr3+-TiO2 powders at different heating temperature…………………………………89 Figure 3-6 Diffuse reflection spectra for Cr3+/TiO2 heated at different temperature for 2 h (a) 300oC (b) 500oC (C) 700oC (d) undoping Cr3+ ion………………………………………………90 Figure 3-7 Photoluminescence emission spectra (λexcitation=325nm) of as-prepared TiO2 at different heating temperature (a) TiO2 without heating (b) Cr3+-TiO2 at 700oC (c) Cr3+-TiO2 at 500oC (d) Cr3+-TiO2 at 300oC…………………………………………91 Figure 3-8 XPS survey spectrum of Cr3+-TiO2 heated at different temperature for 2h (a) 300oC (b) 500oC (C) 700oC………92 Figure 3-9 Absorption spectra of Methylene blue solution during photodegradation assisted by Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 300oC…93 Figure 3-10 Absorption spectra of Methylene blue solution during photodegradation assisted by Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 500oC…94 Figure 3-11 Absorption spectra of Methylene blue solution during photodegradation assisted by Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 700oC…95 Figure 3-12 Mechanism and procedure of Cr3+-TiO2 decompose Methylene blue under visible light………………………… 96 Figure 3-13 Change in the Methylene blue concentration against photoirradiation time under UV light (a) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 700oC (b) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 500oC (c) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 300oC (d) commercial ST01 TiO2…………………………97 Figure 3-14 Change in the Methylene blue concentration against photoirradiation time under visible light(λ>400nm) (a) commercial P25 TiO2 (b) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 700oC (c) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 500oC (d) Cr3+-TiO2 heated at 300oC…………………………………………………………98 Figure 4-2 X-ray patterns of the as-prepared nanotube powder and raw samples (a) A1 powder (b) A2 powder (c) A3 powder……106 Figure 4-3 The TEM images of the as-prepared nanotube powders and rew samples (a) A1 powder after hydrothermal treatment (b) A1 powder (c) A2 powder after hydrothermal treatment (d) A2 powder (e) A3 powder after hydrothermal treatment (f) A3 powder……………………………………………………107 Figure 4-4 The XRD results of the nanotube-shaped powder with different hydrothermal treatment time (a)the as-prepared nanotube (b)the A1 powder…………………………………108 Figure 4-5 The XRD results of the nanotube-shaped powder obtained from different annealing temperature………………………109 Figure 4-6 Schematic illustration (cross section view) of TiO2-derived nanotube (a) an as-prepared nanotube containing interlayer water with d200~9.69Ǻ, (b) a nanotube heated at 200oC~500oC…………………………………………………110 Figure 4-7 BET specific surface area of nanotube-shaped samples prepared at various reaction time……………………………110 Figure 4-8 UV-vis diffuse reflection spectra of as-prepared nanofiber and the results of calculated band gap……………………………111 Figure 4-9 The photocatalytic activity results of A1 powder and as-prepared nanofiber under UV light illumination……… 112 Figure 4-10 The TEM images of the as-prepared nanotube powders under different reaction time (a) raw TiO2 powder (b) reacted for 4h (c) reacted for 6h (d) reacted for 8h (e) reacted for 10h (f) reacted for 12h………………………………………113 | - |
dc.language.iso | en | - |
dc.title | 奈米光觸媒二氧化鈦粉體與薄膜之製備及特性分析 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Preparation and Characterization of Nonosized Photocatalytic Titania Powders and Thin Films | en |
dc.type | Thesis | - |
dc.date.schoolyear | 93-1 | - |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 王大銘,謝學真 | - |
dc.subject.keyword | 光觸媒,二氧化鈦,薄膜,可見光, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | potocatalyst,titanium dioxide,thin film,visible light, | en |
dc.relation.page | 123 | - |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | - |
dc.date.accepted | 2005-01-25 | - |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 化學工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
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