請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/24129
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 楊永斌(Yeong-Bin Yang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Lin-Ching Hsu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 許琳青 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-08T05:16:36Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-01-27 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-01-24 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Achenback, J. D. (1973). Wave Propagation in Elastic Solids, North-Holland Publishing Company, New York.
Achenback, J. D. and Sun, C. T. (1965). “Moving load on a flexibly supported Timoshenko beam”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 1, pp. 353-370. Andersen, L. (2002). Wave Propagation in Infinite Structures and Media, Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, Aalborg University, Danmark. Andersen, L. and Jones, C. J. C. (2002). “Vibration from a railway tunnel predicted by coupled finite element and boundary element analysis in two and three dimensions”, Proc. 5th European Conf Struct Dyn, Eurodyn’02, Munich, Germany, pp. 1131-1136. A.A. Balkema. Balendra, T., Chua, K.H., Lo, K.W. and Lee, S.L. (1989). “Steady-state vibration of subway-soil-building system”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 145-162. Balendra, T., Koh, C. G. and Ho, Y. C. (1991). “Dynamic response of buildings due to trains in underground tunnels”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 20, pp. 275-291. Banerjee, P. K. and Mamoon, S. M. (1990). “A fundamental solution due to a periodic point force in the interior of an elastic half-space”, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 19, pp. 91-105. de Barros, F. C. P. and Luco, J. E. (1994). “Response of a layered viscoelastic half-space to a moving point load”, Wave Motion, Vol. 19, pp. 189-210. Beskos, D. E. (1987). “Boundary element methods in dynamic analysis”, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 40, pp. 1-23. Beskos, D. E. (1997). “Boundary element methods in dynamic analysis: part II (1986-1996)”, Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp.149-197. Bettess, P. (1977). “Infinite element”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 11, pp. 53-64. Bettess, P. and Zienkiewicz, O. C. (1977). “Diffraction and refraction of surface waves using finite and infinite elements,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 11, pp. 1271-1290 British Standards Institution (1992). Evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings (1 Hz to 80 Hz), BS 6472, British Standards Institution, London. Carels, P. (2002). “Low vibration & noise track systems with tunable properties for modern metro track construction”, Metro’s Impact on Urban Living, Proceedings of 2002 World Metro Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 208-217, Taipei City Government. Chen, C. Y. (2002). “A discussion on the floating slab track used in the high capacity rapid transit system in Taipei”, Rapid-Transit Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 41-64 (in Chinese). Chen, Y. H. and Huang, Y. H. (2000). “Dynamic stiffness of infinite Timoshenko beam on viscoelastic foundation in moving co-ordinate”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 48, pp.1-18. Chow, Y. K. and Smith, I. M. (1981). “Static and periodic infinite solids elements”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 503-526. Chua, K. H., Lo, K. W. and Balendra, T. (1995). “Building response due to subway train traffic”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 121, No. 11, pp. 747-754. Clouteau, D., Arnst, M., Al-Hussaini, T.M. and Degrande, G. (2005). “Freefield vibrations due to dynamic loading on a tunnel embedded in a stratified medium”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 283, No. 1-2, pp. 173-199. Cole, J. and Huth, J. (1958). “Stresses produced in a half plane by moving loads”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 25, pp. 433-436. Dieterman, H. A. and Metrikine, A.V. (1996). “The equivalent stiffness of a half-space interacting with a beam. Critical velocities of a moving load along the beam”, European Journal of Mechanics, A, Solids, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 67-90. Duffy, D. G. (1990). “The response of an infinite railroad track to a moving, vibration mass”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME, Vol. 57, pp. 66-73. Eason, G. (1965). “The stresses produced in a semi-infinite solid by a moving surface force”, International Journal of Engineering Science, Vol. 2, pp. 581-609. Frýba, L. (1972). Vibration of Solids and Structures under Moving Loads, Noordhoff International Publishing, Groningen, The Netherlands. Fung, Y. C. (1965). Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Gardien, W. and Stuit, H. G. (2003). “Modelling of soil vibrations from railway tunnels”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 267, No. 3, pp. 605-619. Graff, K. F. (1973). Wave Motion in Elastic Solids, Dover Publication, Inc., New York. Griffin, M. J. (1996). Handbook of Human Vibration, Academic Press, London. Gutowski, T. G. and Dym, C. L. (1976). “Propagation of ground vibration: a review”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 179-193. Hanazato, T., Ugai, K., Mori, M. and Sakaguchi, R. (1991). “Three-dimensional analysis of traffic-induced ground vibrations”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 8, pp. 1133-1151. Heckl, M., Hauck, G. and Wettschureck, R. (1996). “Structure-borne sound and vibration from rail traffic”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp.175-184. Hood, R. A., Greer, R. J., Breslin, M. and Williams, P. R. (1996). “The calculation and assessment of ground-borne noise and perceptible vibration from trains in tunnels”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 215-225. Howarth, H. V. C. and Griffin, M. J. (1988). “Human response to simulated intermittent railway-induced building vibration”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 120, No. 2, pp. 413-420. Howarth, H. V. C. and Griffin, M. J. (1991). “The annoyance caused by simultaneous noise and vibration from railways”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 89, No. 5, pp. 2317-2323. Hung, H. H. (1995). Vibration of Foundations and Soils Generated by High-Speed Trains, Master’s thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. (in Chinese). Hung, H. H. (2000). Ground Vibration Induced by High-speed Trains and Vibration Isolation Countermeasures, Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Hung, H. H., Yang, Y. B. and Chang, D. W. (2004). “Wave barriers for reduction of train-induced vibrations in soils”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 130, No. 12, pp. 1283-1291. Hunt, H. E. M. (1991a). “Modelling of road vehicles for calculation of traffic-induced ground vibration as a random process”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 41-51. Hunt, H. E. M. (1991b). “Stochastic modelling of traffic-induced ground vibration”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 144, No. 1, pp. 53-70. Hunt, H. E. M. (1996). “Modelling of rail vehicles and track for calculation of ground-vibration transmission into buildings”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 185-194. Hwang, R. N. and Lysmer, J. (1981), “Response of buried structures to traveling waves”, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT2, pp. 183-200 International Organization for Standardization (1997). Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration – part 1: General requirements, ISO 2631-1, International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland. International Organization for Standardization (1989). Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration – part 2: Continuous and shock-induced vibration in buildings (1 to 80 Hz), ISO 2631-2, International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland. International Organization for Standardization (2003). Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration – part 2: Vibration in buildings (1 to 80 Hz), ISO 2631-2, International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland. International Organization for Standardization (2005). Mechanical vibration – Ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems – part 1: General guidance, ISO 14837-1, International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland. Japanese Standards Association (1981). Methods of Measurement for Vibration Level, JIS Z 8735, Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan. (in Japanese). Japanese Standards Association (1995). Vibration Level Meters, JIS C 1510, Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan. Jones, C. J. C. (1994). “Use of numerical models to determine the effectiveness of anti-vibration systems for railways”, Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Transportation, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 43-51. Jones, C. J. C., Wang, A. and Dawn, T. M. (1995). “Modelling the propagation of vibration from railway tunnels”, Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol. 10, pp. 285-292. Kalivoda, M., Danneskiold-Samsøe, U., Krüger, F. and Barsikow, B. (2003). ”EURailNoise: a study of European priorities and strategies for railway noise abatement”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 267, No. 3, pp. 387-396. Knall, V. (1996). “Railway noise and vibration: effects and criteria”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 9-20. Koch, H. W. (1979). “Comparative values of structure-borne sound levels in track tunnels”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 377-380. Krylov, V. and Ferguson, C. (1994). “Calculation of low-frequency ground vibrations from railway trains”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 42, pp. 199-213. Kuppelwieser, H. and Ziegler, A. (1996). “A tool for predicting vibration and structure-borne noise immissions caused by railways”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 261-267. Kurze, U. J. (1996). “Tools for measuring, predicting and reducing the environmental impact from railway noise and vibration”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 237-251. Kurzweil, L. G. (1979). “Ground-borne noise and vibration from underground rail systems”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 363-370. Lamb, H. (1904). ”On the propagation of tremors over the surface of an elastic solids”, Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc., Ser. A, Vol. 203, pp. 1-42, London. Melke, J. (1988). “Noise and vibration from underground railway lines: proposals for a prediction procedure”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 120, No. 2, pp. 391-406. Melke, J. and Kraemer, S. (1983). “Diagnostic methods in the control of railway noise and vibration”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 377-386. Metrikine, A.V. and Dieterman, H. A. (1997). “The equivalent vertical stiffness of an elastic half-space interacting with a beam, including the shear stresses at the beam – half-space interface”, European Journal of Mechanics, A, Solids, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 515-527. Metrikine, A.V., and Vrouwenvelder, A. C. W. M. (2000a). “Surface ground vibration due to moving train in a tunnel: two-dimensional model”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 234, No. 1, pp. 43-66. Metrikine, A. V. and Vrouwenvelder, A. C. W. M. (2000b). “Ground vibration induced by a high-speed train in a tunnel: two-dimensional model”, Wave 2000: Wave Propagation, Moving Load, Vibration Reduction, Chouw & Schmid (eds), pp. 111-120, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Mohanan, V., Omkar Sharma and Singal, S. P. (1989). “A noise and vibration survey in an underground railway system”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 28, pp. 263-275. Nelson, J. T. (1996). “Recent developments in ground-borne noise and vibration control”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 367-376. Pan, C. S. and Xie, Z. G. (1990). “Measurement and analysis of vibrations caused by passing trains in subway running tunnel”, China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 21-28 (in Chinese). Park, K. L., Watanabe, E. and Utsunomiya, T. (2004). “Development of 3D elastodynamic infinite elements for soil-structure interaction problems”, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 423-441. Patil, S. P. (1988). “Response of infinite railroad track to vibrating mass”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 688-703. Paulsen, R. and Kastka, J. (1995). “Effects of combined noise and vibration on annoyance”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 181, No. 2, pp. 295-314. SafetyLine Institute Website, http://www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/institute/ Shyu, R. J., Wang, W. H., Cheng, C. Y. and Hwang, D. (2002). “The characteristics of structural and ground vibration caused by the TRTS trains”, Metro’s Impact on Urban Living, Proceedings of 2002 World Metro Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 610, Taipei City Government. Staiano, M. A. (2003). “Noise-impact estimates per FTA and APTA criteria”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 267, No. 3, pp. 407-418. Stamos, A. A. and Beskos, D. E. (1996). “3-D seismic response analysis of long lined tunnels in half-space”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 15, pp. 111-118. Suiker, A. S. J., de Borst, R. and Esveld, C. (1998). “Critical behaviour of a Timoshenko beam-half plane system under a moving load”, Archive of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 68, pp. 158-168. Takemiya, H. and Fujiwara, A. (1994). “Wave propagation/impediment in a stratum and wave impeding block (WIB) measured for SSI response reduction”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 13, pp. 49-61. Talbot, J. P. (2001). On the Performance of Base-Isolated Buildings: A Generic Model, Ph. D. dissertation, University of Cambridge. Talbot, J. P. and Hunt, H. E. M. (2000). “On the performance of base-isolated buildings”, Building Acoustics, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 1-19. Talotte, C., Gautier, P. E., Thompson, D.J. and Hanson, C. (2003). “Identification, modeling and reduction potential of railway noise sources: a critical survey”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 267, No. 3, pp. 447-468. Thiede, R. and Natke, H. G. (1991). “The influence of thickness variation of subway walls on the vibration emission generated by subway traffic”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering V: International Conference of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, pp. 673-682, Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK. Thompson, D. J. and Jones, C. J. C. (2002). “Sound radiation from a vibrating railway wheel”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 253, No. 2, pp. 401-419. Thornely-Taylor, R. M. (2004). “The prediction of vibration, ground-borne and structure-radiated noise from railways using finite difference method – Part 1: theory”, Proceeding of the Institute of Acoustics. Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 69-79. Timoshenko, S. P. (1926). ”Method of analysis of statical and dynamical stress in rail”, Proceedings of the Second International Congress for Applied Mechanics, Zurick, Switzerland, pp. 407-418. Trochides, A. (1991). “Ground-borne vibrations in buildings near subways”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 32, pp. 289-296. Turunen-Rise, I. H., Brekke, A., Hårvik, L., Madshus, C. and Klæboe, R. (2003). “Vibration in dwellings from road and rail traffic – Part I: a new Norwegian measurement standard and classification system”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 64, pp. 71-87. Ungless, R. F. (1973). An Infinite Finite Element, M.A.Sc. Thesis, University of British Columbia. U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program Website, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ Vadillo, E.G., Herreros, J. and Walker, J. G. (1996). “Subjective reaction to structurally radiated sound from underground railways: field results”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 193, No. 1, pp. 65-74. Vibration Regulation Law (1976). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo, Japan. Volberg, G. (1983). “Propagation of ground vibrations near railway tracks”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 371-376. Wagner, H. G. (2002). “Attenuation of transmission of vibration and ground-borne noise by means of steel spring supported low-tuned floating trackbeds”, Metro’s Impact on Urban Living, Proceedings of 2002 World Metro Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 223-228, Taipei City Government. Wang, W. H., Hsu, R. J., Liu, D. Y., Wu, X. S. and Pan, Z. H. (2000). “An Analysis of investigation and improvement of noise and vibration induced by Tam-Sui line of rapid-transit”, Rapid-Transit Technology, Vol. 22, pp. 105-118 (in Chinese). Wilson, G. P., Saurenman, H. J. and Nelson, J. T. (1983). “Control of ground-borne noise and vibration”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp. 339-350. Wolf, J. P. (1985), Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Wolf, S. (2003). “Potential low frequency ground vibration (<6.3 Hz) impacts form underground LPT operations”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 267, No. 3, pp. 651-661. Woodhouse, J. (1981). “An introduction to statistical energy analysis of structural vibration”, Applied Acoustics, Vol. 14, pp. 455-469. Xia, H., Wu, X. and Yu, D. M. (1999). “Environmental vibration induced by urban rail transit system”, Journal of Northern Jiaotong University, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 1-7 (in Chinese). Yang, Y. B., Kuo, S. R. and Hung, H. H. (1996). “Frequency-Independent Infinite Elements for Analyzing Semi-Infinite Problems,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 39, pp. 3553-3569. Yang, Y. B. and Hung, H. H. (1997). “A parametric study of wave barriers for reduction of train-induced vibrations”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 20, pp. 3729-3747. Yang, Y. B. and Hung, H. H. (2001). “A 2.5D finite/infinite element approach for modelling visco-elastic bodies subjected to moving loads”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 51, No. 11, pp. 1317-1336. Yang, Y. B., Hung, H. H. and Chang, D. W. (2003). “Train-induced wave propagation in layered soils using finite/infinite element simulation”, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 263-278. Yokota, A. (1996). “Relationship of weighted acceleration levels between the ground surface and the floors of a wooden house”, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 100, No. 4, pp. 2685. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/24129 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 在人口密集的區域,地下化的軌道運輸系統可有效紓解繁忙的地面交通,已經成為都會地區不可或缺的大眾運輸工具,但是隨著都市建築密度的提高以及人們對於生活環境品質的要求,軌道車輛行駛於地下隧道時所產生之振動往往經由周遭的土壤傳遞到鄰近的建築物,嚴重者則對附近居民的生活造成干擾,引起民怨,因此列車行駛於地下隧道時所引致之土壤振動問題,已經成為一個引起高度重視的環保議題,世界各先進國家均定有明確的規範以限制振動公害的大小,而相關研究也不斷的在進行中。
本論文將針對起因於列車行駛於地下隧道時所引致之土壤振動問題作一綜合性探討,首先就此種振動問題的特性、對環境的影響與相關振動評估規範以及近三十年來部分學者專家所得到的研究成果加以介紹,其中有關古典波傳理論在此種振動問題的應用亦有詳盡的討論;此外,本研究更以有限和無限元素混合法作為數值分析工具,對於各項影響土壤振動的參數作一系統性的分析,整個土壤與隧道結構系統將被分為近域與遠域兩部分,近域部分以傳統有限元素模擬,而遠域部分則以無限元素模擬邊界無限遠之特性。此數值模擬方法因可建立在傳統有限元素的架構中,在實際應用上容易被一般工程師所接受,更可有效模擬土壤的輻射阻尼效應。研究中曾針對列車行駛於明挖覆蓋的隧道系統所引致的地表振動加以分析,經由與其他數值分析方法所得到的結果之比較,此有限和無限元素混合法的正確性亦可得到證實。 研究中先以2維的有限與無限平面元素來模擬土壤-隧道互制作用系統,並將列車模擬為簡諧震盪的無限長線載重,進行各項土壤參數的分析,而另一方面,為了更深入探討列車的動力特性對於土壤振動的影響,本研究更將原本的2維元素擴展至2.5D的有限與無限元素,在此2.5D的模式下,列車可以移動點載重的方式來模擬;經由各項參數分析結果顯示,即使在一般地下化軌道運輸系統的營運速度下,當外力的振動頻率與土層的自然振動頻率接近時,土壤的動力反應即會產生明顯的共振現象,因此解決此種振動問題的根本方法,就是要避免車輛的振動頻率與土層的自然振動頻率過於接近,以減少共振反應發生的機會。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Ground-borne vibrations resulting from the underground railway traffic have become an important environmental issue, which has received increasing attention from both engineers and researchers. In this dissertation, an integrated investigation is conducted of the ground-borne vibration problem induced by trains moving in underground tunnels. Starting from an extensive literature review, practical parameter analyses were carried out for a two-dimensional simulation of the soil-tunnel interaction system, which were then extended to a 2.5D simulation with account taken of the moving effect of the train loads. The numerical procedure adopted here is called the coupled finite/infinite element method. With this approach, a soil-tunnel system is divided into two regions, i.e., the near and far fields. The near field, including the loads and other geometric/material irregularities, is simulated by the finite elements as conventional, and the far field covering the soils with infinite boundary by the infinite elements. This hybrid approach can overcome the inherent drawback of the finite element method in simulating the radiation damping for waves traveling to infinity. On the other hand, it can be established within the framework of the finite element method, which is commonly used by most structure analysis programs and is likely to be favored by most practicing engineers.
From the results of this research, it can be concluded that even in most underground railways systems with the normal operating velocities, the coincidence of the loading frequencies with the fundamental frequency of the soil layer can still result in an apparent increase of the vibration level. Accordingly, to relieve the vibration of this kind, a fundamental solution should be resorted to avoid the coincidence of the loading frequencies of train with the fundamental frequency of soil layer. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-08T05:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-D90521020-1.pdf: 2420307 bytes, checksum: 74b38523fea98b2783e8d49508bceb13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement (Chinese) i Abstract (Chinese) iii Abstract v Table of Contents vii List of Tables xi List of Figures xii Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives 3 1.3 Arrangement of the Dissertation 6 Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Statement of Problem 10 2.3 Evaluation Criteria of Vibration 13 2.4 State of the Art Researches on Ground-Borne Vibrations 20 2.4.1 Analytical approach 20 2.4.2 Field measurement 25 2.4.3 Empirical prediction models 28 2.4.4 Numerical simulation 31 2.5 Methods of Reducing Ground-Borne Vibration 36 2.6 Concluding Remarks 38 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Wave Propagation in Soil 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Types of Waves 50 3.3 One Dimensional Wave Equation 52 3.4 Wave Propagation Generated by Underground Dynamic Loads 56 3.4.1 Formulation of elastodynamic problems 56 3.4.2 Wave equation generated by body forces 57 3.4.3 Solution for a periodic point force acting in the interior of an elastic half-space 60 3.5 Surface Ground Vibration due to a Moving Train in a Tunnel 64 3.6 Concluding Remarks 72 Chapter 4 Coupled Finite/Infinite Element Method 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Formulation of the Method 81 4.3 Formulation of Infinite Element 85 4.3.1 Shape function 85 4.3.2 Equation of motion in frequency domain 88 4.3.3 Damping 90 4.3.4 Numerical integration 91 4.3.5 Selection of wave numbers 93 4.4 Requirements on Finite Element Mesh 94 4.5 Frequency-Independent Finite/Infinite Element Mesh 95 4.6 Numerical Example 98 4.6.1 Simulation of the system 99 4.6.2 Comparison of the results 101 4.6.3 Characteristics of wave propagation 103 4.7 Concluding Remarks 104 Chapter 5 Parametric Study of Ground Vibrations due to Trains Moving in Underground Tunnel 5.1 Introduction 119 5.2 Ground Vibrations due to an Underground Infinite Line Load 121 5.2.1 Homogeneous elastic half-space 122 5.2.2 A layered soil superposed on an elastic half space 125 5.2.3 Effect of depth of loading point 127 5.2.4 Effect of depth of soil stratum 127 5.2.5 Effect of Poisson’s ratio 128 5.2.6 Effect of material damping ratio 129 5.3 Ground Vibrations due to an Infinite Line Load Acting in a Tunnel 130 5.3.1 Effect of existence of tunnel structure 131 5.3.2 A layered soil superposed on an elastic half space 132 5.3.3 Effect of depth of bedrock 133 5.3.4 Effect of elastic modulus ratio of soil/tunnel 134 5.3.5 Effect of two layered soils overlying a bedrock 135 5.4 Concluding Remarks 138 Chapter 6 2.5 D Finite/Infinite Element Approach for Modeling Trains Moving in Underground Tunnels 6.1 Introduction 167 6.2 Formulation of the Method 169 6.3 Shape Functions of 2.5D Infinite Element 172 6.3.1 Modification of wave number k 173 6.3.2 Modification of displacement amplitude decay factor176 6.4 Ground Vibrations due to an Underground Moving Load Acting in a Tunnel 178 6.4.1 Tunnel embedded in a half-space 178 6.4.2 Tunnel embedded in a soil layer superposed on a bedrock 180 6.4.3 Effect of train velocity 181 6.4.4 Effect of shear speed of soil 182 6.4.5 Effect of Poisson’s ratio 183 6.4.6 Effect of damping ratio 183 6.5 Concluding Remarks 184 Chapter 7 Conclusions and Further Studies 7.1 Conclusions 201 7.2 Further Studies 205 References 209 Appendix 219 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Standards related to evaluation of human exposure to vibration in buildings 40 Table 2.2 Multiplying factors given in ISO 2631-2:1989 to define vibration magnitudes below which the probability of adverse human reaction is low 40 Table 2.3 VDV suggested in BS 6472:1992 at which adverse reactions may be expected from residential building occupants 41 Table 2.4 Vibration criteria regulated by the vibration regulation law (1976) in Japan 41 Table 2.5 The effective frequency range corresponding to partial methods used to reduce vibration as suggested by Nelson (1996) and Wilson et al. (1983) 42 Table 4.1 Material properties for tunnel and soil 107 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Conceptual representation of the frequency range for airborne sound, structure-borne sound and ground-borne vibration 43 Figure 2.2 Sectional elevation of podium block (Balendra et al. 1989) 44 Figure 2.3 Parameters affecting noise and vibrations in buildings as reported by Melke (1988) 45 Figure 2.4 Principal surfaces of the floor supporting the body adopted from ISO 2631-1:1997: (a) seated position, (b) standing position, (c) recumbent position 46 Figure 2.5 Building vibration combined direction (x-,y-,z-axis) acceleration base curve of ISO 2631-1:1997 47 Figure 3.1 Schematic of particle motions (a) P-wave (b) S-wave 74 Figure 3.1 Schematic of particle motions (c) Rayleigh wave 75 Figure 3.2 Rod with exponentially varying areas (infinitesimal element and layer) (Wolf 1985) 76 Figure 3.3 Homogeneous elastic half-space subjected to a general load on the surface 77 Figure 3.4 Periodic force normal to the boundary in the interior of a semi-infinite solid 77 Figure 3.5 The time harmonic Boussinesq problem 78 Figure 3.6 Model adopted by Metrikine and Vrouwenvelder (2000b) 78 Figure 4.1 Schematic of the finite/infinite element approach (soil-structure system) 108 Figure 4.2 Schematic of the finite/infinite element approach (soil- tunnel system) 108 Figure 4.3 Infinite element: (a) global coordinates, (b) local coordinates 109 Figure 4.4 One dimensional mapping: (a) global coordinates, (b) local coordinates 109 Figure 4.5 Schematic for determining the amplitude decay factor 110 Figure 4.6 Selection of wave numbers 110 Figure 4.7 Finite element mesh 111 Figure 4.8 Schematic of condensation to the boundary 111 Figure 4.9 Layout of a cut-and-cover tunnel 112 Figure 4.10 Finite/infinite element mesh 112 Figure 4.11 Flow chart of the Finite/infinite element mesh generation 113 Figure 4.12 Comparison of pseudo-resultant responses along the surface of the ground: (a) f = 10Hz, (b) f = 20Hz, (c) f = 40Hz, (d) f = 80Hz 114 Figure 4.13 X-direction and Y-direction responses along the surface of the ground (unsymmetrical load): (a) f = 10Hz, (b) f = 20Hz, (c) f = 40Hz, (d) f = 80Hz 115 Figure 4.14 X-direction and Y-direction responses along the surface of the ground (symmetrical load): (a) f = 10Hz, (b) f = 20Hz, (c) f = 40Hz, (d) f = 80Hz 116 Figure 4.15 Pseudo-resultant responses along the surface of the ground: (a) f = 10Hz, (b) f = 20Hz, (c) f = 40Hz, (d) f = 80Hz 117 Figure 5.1 Fundamental analytical models for half-space: (a) homogeneous, (b) soil layer overlying a bedrock 142 Figure 5.2 Finite and infinite element mesh: (a) with no tunnel, (b) with tunnel 143 Figure 5.3 Vertical displacements of ground surface: (a) for h = 0 m, (b) for h = 5m 144 Figure 5.3 Vertical displacements of ground surface: (c) for h = 10 m, (d) for h = 15 m 145 Figure 5.4 Maximum vertical displacements of surface points due to different loading depths 146 Figure 5.5 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different shear modulus ratios of soils (h = 15 m): (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 147 Figure 5.6 Maximum vertical displacements of surface points due to different loading depths (with stratum thickness H = 30 m) 148 Figure 5.7 Maximum vertical displacements of surface points due to different thicknesses of soil stratum: (a) for H/h = 2, (b) for H/h = 3 149 Figure 5.7 Maximum vertical displacements of surface points due to different thicknesses of soil stratum: (c) for H/h = 4 150 Figure 5.8 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different thicknesses of soil stratum: (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 151 Figure 5.9 Maximum vertical displacements of surface points due to different thicknesses of soil stratum 152 Figure 5.10 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different Poisson’s ratios: (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 153 Figure 5.11 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different damping ratios: (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 154 Figure 5.12 Half space with tunnel: (a) homogeneous half-space, (b) soil layer overlying a bedrock 155 Figure 5.13 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different simulation cases: (a) with no tunnel, (b) with tunnel 156 Figure 5.14 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different simulation cases: (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 157 Figure 5.15 Vertical displacements of different points on the origin and inside the tunnel 158 Figure 5.16 Vertical displacements of different points due to different shear modulus ratios of soil: (a) for the origin, (b) for point C 159 Figure 5.17 Vertical displacements of different points due to different depths of bedrock: (a) for the origin, (b) for point C 160 Figure 5.18 Vertical displacements of different points due to different elastic modulus ratios (with H = 30 m): (a) for the origin, (b) for point C 161 Figure 5.19 A tunnel embedded in two layers of soil deposits lying over a bedrock: (a) H1 = 20 m, H2 = 10 m, (b) H1 = 10 m, H2 = 20 m 162 Figure 5.20 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different shear modulus ratios of soils (G1<G2): (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 163 Figure 5.21 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different shear modulus ratios of soils (G1>G2): (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 164 Figure 5.22 Vertical displacements of surface points due to different shear modulus ratios of soils (G1<G2): (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 165 Figure 6.1 Schematic view of the soil-tunnel interaction system 186 Figure 6.2 Half space with tunnel: (a) homogeneous half-space, (b) soil layer overlying a bedrock 187 Figure 6.3 Vertical displacements for a moving point load with f0=4 Hz (half-space): (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s, (d) c=40 m/s 188 Figure 6.4 Vertical displacements for a moving point load with f0=0 Hz (bedrock) (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s, (d) c=40 m/s 189 Figure 6.5 Vertical displacements for a moving point load with f0=4 Hz (bedrock): (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s, (d) c=40 m/s 190 Figure 6.6 Vertical displacements for a moving point load with f0=1 Hz (bedrock): (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s, (d) c=40 m/s 191 Figure 6.7 Maximum vertical displacements for a moving point load with different excitation frequency: (a) at origin, (b) at x = 15 m 192 Figure 6.8 Effect of train velocity on the vibration attenuation induced by a moving load with f0=1 Hz: (a) displacement, (b) velocity, (c) acceleration 193 Figure 6.9 Vertical displacements at the origin due to different shear speeds of soil: (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s 194 Figure 6.10 Vertical displacements at x = 15 m due to different shear speeds of soil: (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s 195 Figure 6.11 Vertical displacements at the origin due to different Poisson’s ratios: (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s 196 Figure 6.12 Vertical displacements at x = 15 m due to different Poisson’s ratios: (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s 197 Figure 6.13 Vertical displacements at the origin due to different damping ratios: (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s 198 Figure 6.14 Vertical displacements at x = 15 m due to different damping ratios: (a) c=10 m/s, (b) c=20 m/s, (c) c=30 m/s 199 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 列車行駛於地下隧道時引致之土壤振動 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Ground-Borne Vibrations Induced by Trains Moving in Underground Tunnels | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 蔡益超(I-Chau Tsai),張國鎮(Kuo-Chun Chang),洪振發(Chen-Far Hung),朱聖浩(Shen-Haw Ju),許榮均(Rong-Juin Shyu) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 列車,地下隧道,土壤振動,無限元素, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | train,underground tunnel,ground-borne vibration,infinite element, | en |
dc.relation.page | 219 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-01-25 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 土木工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 土木工程學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-95-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。