兩岸分工對台灣母公司經營績效之影響－以機械產業為例

Abstract

以中小企業為主體的台灣機械產業，在專業生產與分工情況下，藉由企業間協力合作，使產品具國際競爭優勢。1990年代廠商開始赴大陸投資，嘗試建立兩岸專業分工模式，保留台灣原有的研發、行銷、策略規畫機能，發揮中國大陸的生產製造能力，針對不同產品線、市場予以區隔。 本研究以台灣地區上市上櫃機械業51家公司為研究對象，1998到2003年為研究期間，以複迴歸模型處理時間數列資料。主要探討垂直分工程度、外銷比例等特性，以及赴大陸投資對台灣母公司經營績效之影響。 實證結果發現，垂直分工程度和外銷比例對於機械產業經營績效有正向顯著影響。顯示廠商展現專業分工、彈性互補與國際運作的優異成果。台灣母公司的累積投資大陸年數及群聚地區投資，對經營績效皆有正向顯著影響。而投資大陸規模與母公司績效似乎無絕對關聯。 過去機械產業多以台灣為單一群聚生產基地，具備專業分工和專業人力生產資源。於大陸設立生產據點後，目前仰賴台灣地區供應與支援的程度仍然很高。未來將直接影響產業整體結構和協力網路發展，考驗廠商尋求生產利基和市場定位之能力。本研究不僅加強目前機械產業投資大陸生產分析，並對產業後續發展提供實務上建議。

Specialization and flexibility have been considered as key factors of the competitiveness of small and medium machinery enterprises in Taiwan. Beginning in 1990, domestic machinery enterprises have made substantial investment in mainland China. They have utilized cross-strait division model to sustain their competitive position and grasp new opportunities. The purpose of foreign direct investment is to allocate the innovation, marketing, and strategic planning functions in Taiwan and upgrade the manufacturing function in mainland china. Therefore, enterprises can create different products and services to each market. This study conducted a penal data to collect 6 years (1998-2003) financial information from 51 listed on TSE and OTC companies in Taiwan and employed multiple regression models to process the data. And examines the relationships of Taiwanese Head-quarters’ performance with vertical division of labor, export ratio, and Chinese experiences. The empirical results show that vertical division of labor and export ratio have significant positively effects on the operating performance. The clustered machinery industry has resulted in a complete cooperative network of upstream and downstream manufacturers supply chains to lower down costs and upgrade competitive capabilities through expert labor division. The Chinese experiences, the location choice in clusters both have significant positively effects on the operating performance. However, there is only limited association between the factor of investment scale and business performance. There are about 60% of the precision machinery businesses clustering in the region of Taichung City and County. This provides the industry with rich resource of professional division network and manpower. Since the supply network migrated in China still highly relies on the Taiwanese supporting system, acquirement for core competitive capacity and improvement for the supply network will influence competitive advantage for long. These results not only supplement existing work on the migration of supplier network and Taiwanese machinery industry, but also help to provide a reference worth for the future development of Taiwanese machinery industry.