新興國家跨國研發之決定因素－以中國與印度為例

Abstract

本研究使用1999年至2009年間兩大新興國家－中國與印度在USPTO核准的專利資料，探究兩大新興國家之跨國研發行為。由資料可發現中印兩國的跨國研發專利在1990年代末期之後快速成長，且皆有逐漸往資訊科技領域集中的情形。此外，以專利數產出來看，美國是兩國最主要的研發合作對象，不過臺灣與中國合作的密切程度近年來大幅增加。本研究亦以國家的角度探究中印兩國與其他國家合作研發的決定因素，實證結果顯示中國與其他國家的相對經濟實力與相對研發密度越高，兩者未來合作研發的機率將越高；但印度與其他國家的相對經濟實力卻使得共同創新的可能性降低。另外，印度高等教育入學率的提高將使得其本身與外國進行共同研發的傾向增加。外國直接投資在實證結果中則對中印兩國的跨國研發傾向無顯著影響。

With issued USPTO patent data, this research aims to analyze the cross-border R&D activities of China and India, the two emerging economies, during 1999 to 2009. We have observed that the annual patent output has been increasing steeply since the late 1990s, especially in information technology related fields. Besides, the United States has been the major foreign co-invention partner of both China and India; meanwhile, Taiwan’s emergence in R&D cooperation with China cannot be overlooked. This research also discusses the determinants of cross-border R&D empirically. The results indicate that relative income and R&D intensity of China with respect to its foreign partner have positive impact on their future co-invention propensity, while higher relative income of India reduces to possibility of cross-border co-invention. Besides, with higher enrollment rate of tertiary education, India would tend to devote more in cross-border R&D. Foreign direct investment, on the other hand, has no significant influence on propensity of cross-border R&D.