日治時期台灣媒體中的營養知識－以蛋白質為中心

Abstract

中西方社會很早即從生活經驗中得知飲食與人體健康有一定關係，累積種種關於食物特性與療效的知識，十九世紀起伴隨有機化學與醫學的發展，食物的組成元素、特定營養素的生理作用及與疾病間的關連陸續被發現，逐漸改變人們對飲食與健康的看法，以量化角度分析食物成分與療效，奠定現代營養學基礎。十九世紀也是西方資本主義發展和民族國家形成時期，「國民」成為國家最重要資產，為確保國民健康，與國民健康相關的近代醫藥學、營養學等學科被納入國家體制，開始發揮社會影響力。 日本在明治時期力行西化，也展開對營養學的研究，並於大正年間成立營養學研究所，向國民普及營養學知識，這些營養知識也隨著日本統治傳入台灣。本碩士論文欲探討日治時期台灣媒體上的營養知識，檢視當中的議題變化與日本營養學發展和國家政策的關係，並觀察在台日人與台灣人如何理解與運用這些知識，其中將鎖定蛋白質相關知識，除因蛋白質為三大營養素之一、在早期營養研究中備受重視外，也因為相對於維他命等營養素皆與疾病有明確對應關係，蛋白質在生理功效與必要攝取量都曾經歷長期爭論。 論文第二章探討營養學傳入日本的過程與影響。首先簡單回顧日本近代飲食習慣的建立，並將焦點集中與蛋白質攝取相關的肉食習慣變遷，分階段檢視西方營養學中的蛋白質研究，如何影響明治以降日本學界與社會；第三章以蛋白質相關議題為主軸，分別檢視提倡蛋白質營養者與質疑高蛋白攝取量者的論述，探討並比較其論述目的、學理基礎與訴求對象，並連結第二章討論的日本營養學發展與國家政策；第四章則探討戰爭時期營養學蛋白質議題的變化，以及當時在台日人與台灣人如何理解與運用與蛋白質相關的知識，並特別著重兩者對在地食材、飲食的研究與討論，如何活用營養知識以因應戰時體制。

Both western and eastern societies have known from experience that there is connection between diet and health and hence accumulate a variety of knowledge regarding food and its efficacy. In 19th with developments in medicine and organic chemistry, the elements of food, physiological effects of certain nutrient and its relationship between diseases have been discovered one after another, which gradually changed the way people saw diet and health. People started to study food and its efficacy with quantitative analysis, laying the foundation of modern nutrition. 19th is also a period that capitalism and nation form, “nationals” become the most important asset to a nation. In order to assure the health of all national, medicine、nutrition and other subjects relating to health are included in national system and exert influence on society. Japan made efforts on westernization in Meiji period and started to study nutrition during that period. Japan established National Institute of Health and Nutrition in 1920 that aims to disseminate nutrition knowledge to the people. The nutrition knowledge also came to Taiwan as Japan took over Taiwan. This thesis aims to explore knowledge of nutrition in Taiwan’s mass media under Japanese rule and to see how the change in nutrition topic relates to the development of Japan’s nutrition studies and its national policy. This thesis will also explore how Japanese and Taiwanese perceive and use nutrition knowledge. Among these nutrients, Protein is chosen as main topic of discussions for the following reasons. First, Protein is one of the three essential nutrients. Second, Protein was highly valued and received much attention in early studies of nutrition. Third, the physiological effects and necessary intake of protein has undergone a long-term controversy, which are seldom seen in other nutrients like vitamins that have clear correlation with certain diseases. Chapter 2 shows how nutrition was introduced to Japan and how it influenced Japan’s society. It first includes a simple review of the building of Japanese eating habits from early modern to modern times and will focus on meat eating habits which are related to protein intake. It later presents how protein studies from the West influenced the academia and society of Japan. Chapter 3 centers on discussion about protein in the media such as newspaper and periodical. It analyzes discourses of people who promote the value of protein and people who are prudent about or suspicious of high protein intake. It also explores and compares the purpose、theoretical basis and target audience of different discourses about protein, and relates those discussions to the developments in nutrition studies and national policies of Japan mentioned in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 presents the change in topic about protein during wartime. It explores how Japanese and Taiwanese in that time perceived and use knowledge of protein. It will focus on how people studied and discussed local ingredients, traditional food and eating habits as well as how they utilized nutrition knowledge to cope up with wartime needs in their daily lives.