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標題: | 海德格《存有與時間》的實在論與觀念論之爭 Debates on Reailsm and Idealim in Heidesgger's Sein und Zeit |
作者: | Kun-Lung Hsieh 謝坤龍 |
指導教授: | 陳榮華 |
關鍵字: | 海德格,存有學,現象學,實在論,觀念論, Heidegger,ontology,phenomenology,realism,idealism, |
出版年 : | 2010 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 根據海德格,實在論主張外在世界是實有的,並嘗試以在外在世界中相互作用的存有者來證明這一點。相對地,觀念論相信實有(而不是實有者)存在於意識中,但觀念論未能理解實有以及存有者的本質。這是說,實在論與觀念論都預設了不適當的存有學。本文要證實,由於海德格對實在論與觀念論的批評建立在適當的存有學上,因此海德格提供了比實在論與觀念論更令人滿意的實有與存有者解釋。
近年來,有些研究海德格存有學立場的學者堅持海德格是實在論者,另外一些學者則認為他是觀念論者。但他們提出的論證令人困惑。畢竟,如果海德格早已否認他自己是實在論者或觀念論者,那麼在什麼意義下我們可以主張他是實在論者或觀念論者?再者,若海德格哲學奠基在全然不同於實在論與觀念論所預設的存有學上,那麼我們如何能宣稱海德格是實在論者或觀念論者? 本文的核心在於,釐清《存有與時間》的存在分析與實在論和觀念論之間的關聯。為完成這個工作,本文首先概略說明海德格用以批評實在論與觀念論的存在分析,以及由此批評產生的問題。其次,我列舉一些探討海德格是實在論者或觀念論者的論證。接著,我分析這些論證並指出它們的困難。最後,本文回到《存有與時間》的文本,特別是第43節,以闡釋海德格在相關問題上的基本立場、論證、關懷。本文的最後結論是,以上論證都沒有把握到海德格的基本存有學。 According to Heidegger realism is the theory that advocates the reality of the external world, and it tries to prove this thesis by the interaction of entities within it. On the contrary, idealism believes that reality (not the real) exists in consciousness, but it does not know the essence of reality and of entities. That is to say, both realism and idealism base themselves on an inappropriate ontology. However I want to show that Heidegger’s criticisms of them build on an appropriate ontology, so that he may provide a more satisfactory interpretation on reality and entities than that of realism and idealism. Recently we find many arguments focusing on the ontological commitment of early Heidegger. Some of them insist that Heidegger is a realist, and others think that he is an idealist. These arguments make readers bewildered. For, on what extent may we assert that Heidegger is a realist or that he is an idealist, both of which Heidegger had already denied himself to be? And, how can we say that Heidegger is a realist or an idealist, if his philosophy is founded on an ontology completely different from that of realism and idealism? The principal aim in this paper is to clarify the logical connection between Heidegger’s existential analytic and realism/idealism. I first describe briefly Heidegger’s existential analytic by which he criticizes realism/idealism, and the problems derived from them. Then I marshal a few papers concerning the question whether Heidegger is a realist or is an idealist. Furthermore I try to analyze the arguments in these papers and show the difficulties they make. Finally I turn to Sein und Zeit, especially sec.43, in order to expound Heidegger’s basic positions, arguments, and concerns. I finally argue that the above arguments fail to grasp the fundamental ontology of Heidegger. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/23485 |
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